Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased neutrophil C3bi-receptor expression and adherence and rapidly (less than 10 min) primed neutrophils to enhanced O2- release and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide. Direct triggering of O2- release in suspended neutrophils was also provoked by GM-CSF but not by G-CSF. GM-CSF-induced O2- release was inhibited by cyclic AMP agonists and cytochalasin B. The biological activity was greater in non-glycosylated GM-CSF than in glycosylated GM-CSF, whereas it was identical in glycosylated and non-glycosylated G-CSFs. Direct stimulation and priming by GM-CSF were consistently greater than those by G-CSF and the combined addition of the optimal concentrations of G-CSF and GM-CSF resulted in the effects of GM-CSF alone. These findings indicate that the effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil functions are qualitatively and quantitatively different from each other.
 ...
PMID:Stimulation and priming of human neutrophils by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: qualitative and quantitative differences. 169 66

We have devised a simultaneous assay system for megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) and megakaryocyte potentiator (Meg-Pot) by modifying a quantitative measuring technique for acetylcholinesterase activity (Ach-E) of megakaryocytes by automatic colorimetry using microplates. We cultured murine bone marrow cells treated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate in a serum-free system with serum-free pokeweek mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWM-SCM) and an unknown factor, preparing two microplates with the identical culture system. In the first plate, the total number of Ach-E-positive cells induced solely by the factor tested was indicative of Meg-CSF activity and additive increases in this parameter on simultaneous addition of PWM-SCM and the factor tested were indicative of early Meg-Pot activity. Total Ach-E activity (total change at optical density of 414 nm) per well was measured in the second plate to calculate total change at optical density of 414 nm per megakaryocyte, an indicator of late Meg-Pot activity. With this system, recombinant human erythropoietin showed both Meg-CSF and early and late Meg-Pot activities in in vitro megakaryopoiesis. Recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor possessed weak Meg-CSF and early Meg-Pot activity, whereas recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exhibited late Meg-Pot activity and thrombocytopenic serum exhibited early and late Meg-Pot activities. This assay system is useful in screening Meg-CSF or Meg-Pot activities in unknown factors.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous assay for megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and megakaryocyte potentiator and its application. 169 13

Chromosomes of bone marrow cells obtained from nine patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were assessed after in vitro co-culture (48 hours culture) with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), or recombinant human erythropoietin. Three of the nine MDS cases showed no cytogenetic abnormalities with or without any recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors; one MDS patient with a t(3;4) did not show any change in the proportion of cells with this cytogenetic change. The remaining five cases exhibited changes in the frequency of subclones after the treatment. An increasing number of metaphase cells with less complex chromosome abnormalities was observed in two of the five cases by treatment with rhG-CSF; one of them also showed an increasing number of cells with normal karyotypes. After rhGM-CSF treatment, cells with nonclonal hyperdiploid abnormalities appeared in one MDS patient. After erythropoietin treatment, an increasing number of cells with a prototypic change was observed in one MDS patient, whereas one patient showed an increasing number of cells with an additional chromosome abnormality. These observations indicate that hematopoietic growth factors possibly modify the constitution of marrow cells with multiple chromosome abnormalities and the degree is different in each MDS patient. Furthermore, a chromosome analysis using an in vitro culture system with human recombinant hematopoietic growth factors may be able to detect metaphase cells with additional chromosome abnormalities in some MDS patients.
 ...
PMID:In vitro cytogenetic effects of recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors on cells derived from myelodysplastic syndromes. 169 82

We report herein the establishment and characterization of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-dependent acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cell line. The cell line, designated as OCI/AML 1a, has been cultured in the presence of G-CSF and has shown exponential growth for over two years. The cells growing in suspension culture resembled myeloblasts on the basis of morphologic, cytochemical and surface phenotypic analyses. Other CSFs, interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor did not support the growth of OCI/AML 1a cells so well as G-CSF. The effect on the growth of OCI/AML 1a cells of G-CSF was almost completely abolished by neutralizing monoclonal anti-G-CSF antibody. These findings showed that OCI/AML 1a cells required G-CSF for growth. OCI/AML 1a cell line will be valuable for studies of the biological nature, proliferation and differentiation of leukemic cells. Furthermore, OCI/AML 1a cells should be useful for determining the mechanism by which G-CSF induces the growth of hemopoietic cells.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-dependent growth of an acute myeloblastic leukemia cell line. 169 93

The expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mRNA was studied in human non-hematopoietic tumors, including 18 cases of lung cancers 10 cases of stomach cancers, three cases of glioblastomas, and one case each of breast phyllode sarcoma, thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Northern blot analysis detected G-CSF mRNA in two of the lung cancer cases, in one of the glioblastoma cases, and in both the breast phyllode sarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cases. Since G-CSF receptors were not detected on the tumor cells by 125I-G-CSF binding assay, G-CSF autocrine loop are probably not involved in the growth of these G-CSF-producing tumors. Interestingly, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA was concomitantly expressed in most of these G-CSF-producing tumors. No major gene deletions or rearrangements of G-CSF and GM-CSF genes were demonstrated by Southern blot analysis in the tumors expressing G-CSF and GM-CSF mRNAs except for one of the glioblastomas (G3) in which one chromosome 17 allele was deleted. Although the mechanism of the concomitant expression of G-CSF and GM-CSF mRNA is unknown, relatively high frequency of this phenomenon suggests the presence of common transcriptional factors acting on regulatory regions of G-CSF and GM-CSF genomes.
 ...
PMID:Expression of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors by human non-hematopoietic tumor cells. 170 53

Although under study to alleviate chemotherapy-induced bone marrow toxicity, cytokines can stimulate in vitro growth of solid human tumour cell lines. The effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) on in vitro colony formation of primary human tumours was studied in a capillary soft-agar cloning system. Of 108 tumour specimens from 100 patients, 85 specimens were tested against all three factors at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 ng/ml. 44 of 100 tumours showed adequate growth in controls. 8 out of 43 (19%) specimens were significantly stimulated by GM-CSF, 6 of 40 (15%) by G-CSF and 10 of 44 (23%) by IL-3. Sensitivity to all three cytokines was observed in 4 of 44 (9%) specimens. By light microscopy the appearance of colonies from stimulated specimens was identical to that of controls. Sensitivity to cytokines was independent from sensitivity to epidermal growth factor, transferrin or insulin. Sensitivity to GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL-3 may be aberrantly expressed in a subgroup of solid human tumours.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cytokines on in vitro colony formation of primary human tumour specimens. 170 19

We have previously demonstrated that interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulate various aspects of megakaryocytopoiesis. We have investigated the capacity of interleukin 6 (IL-6) to stimulate megakaryocyte colony formation from both normal Balb/C marrow and light-density marrow extensively depleted of adherent, pre-B, B and T cells. Human recombinant IL-6 (167 ng/ml) stimulated megakaryocyte colony formation from normal marrow (8.6 +/- 1 megakaryocyte colony-forming units [CFU-meg]/10(5) cells) as compared to control (1.5 +/- 4 CFU-meg/10(5) cells) in 16 determinations (p less than 0.01). IL-6 (167 ng/ml) also stimulated CFU-meg formation from depleted marrow (control, 10.8 +/- 4 CFU-meg/10(5) cells versus IL-6, 68 +/- 19 CFU-meg/10(5) cells in 12 determinations, p less than 0.01). IL-6 synergistically augmented IL-3-induced colony formation (139% IL-3 control, 120% calculated IL-3 plus IL-6 control, n = 11, p less than 0.01) in normal marrow and showed an additive effect in depleted marrow (133% IL-3 control, p less than 0.01, 114% of IL-3 plus IL-6, value not significant [NS] at 0.05 level). Studies with recombinant murine IL-6 gave similar results. There was an increasing level of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity from G-CSF (16,667 U/ml, 2.47 +/- 0.6 CFU-meg/10(5) cells, n = 17), to IL-6 (167 ng/ml, 8.47 +/- 0.96 CFU-meg/10(5) cells, n = 19), to GM-CSF (52 U/ml, 23 +/- 4 CFU-meg/10(5) cells, n = 14), to IL-3 (167 U/ml, 48 +/- 5 CFU-meg/10(5) cells, n = 20) as compared to media-stimulated marrow (range 1.29-1.86 CFU-meg/10(5) cells). A similar hierarchy was seen with depleted marrow. Combinations of factors (including IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL-6) tested against normal unseparated murine marrow did not further augment CFU-meg numbers over IL-3 plus IL-6 but did increase colony size. These data suggest that IL-6 is an important megakaryocyte regulator, that at least four growth factors interact synergistically or additively to regulate megakaryocytopoiesis, and that combinations of growth factors, possibly in physical association, might be critical in stimulating megakaryocyte stem cells.
 ...
PMID:Multifactor stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis: effects of interleukin 6. 170 92

The interaction of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and retinoic acid (RA) in the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells was examined. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulated the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.01-100 ng/ml; however, the proliferation due to GM-CSF was suppressed by 100 nM RA. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) slightly stimulated the proliferation of HL-60 cells at concentrations above 10 ng/ml. Neither G-CSF nor GM-CSF alone induced 12-o-tetra-decanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction at concentrations of 0.01-100 ng/ml. G-CSF induced TPA- and FMLP-stimulated NBT reduction in the presence of 100 nM RA, but GM-CSF induced only TPA-stimulated NBT reduction. RA in addition to G-CSF synergistically increased FMLP binding to HL-60 cells, accompanied by increased NBT reduction in response to FMLP. RA in addition to GM-CSF markedly increased FMLP binding to HL-60 cells more than that induced by RA alone, but the combined treatment with RA and GM-CSF did not increase FMLP-stimulated NBT reduction more than that induced by RA alone. The results suggest that G-CSF stimulates RA-induced morphological and functional differentiation of HL-60 cells, but the differentiation-enhancing effects of GM-CSF are limited, whereas the growth-stimulating effect of GM-CSF on HL-60 cells is greater than that of G-CSF.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, not granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, co-operates with retinoic acid on the induction of functional N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine receptors in HL-60 cells. 170 36

The hematopoietic growth factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), enhance the effector functions of mature myeloid cells, including the interaction with vascular endothelium. We examined the direct effect of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) on the growth and function of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) increased the proliferation of passaged and primary cells by 305% +/- 45% (mean +/- SEM, n = 5, P less than .01) over control cells at 4 days; GM-CSF and G-CSF had no effect. Endothelial cell procoagulant activity was increased after 4-hour incubation with recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) 10 U/mL and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 10 U/mL to 1,721% +/- 376% (n = 7, P less than .005) and 247% +/- 71% (n = 4) of control levels, respectively. gamma-Interferon (gamma-IFN) 50 U/mL had no direct effect of its own but was able to prime the response to IL-1 beta. There was no direct or priming effect of GM-CSF (1 ng to 1 microgram/mL) on the expression of procoagulant activity in endothelial cells. GM-CSF and G-CSF (1 ng/mL to 1 microgram/mL) had no effect on the expression of either tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) by endothelial cells. The secretion of tPA by endothelial cells was increased, however, after 24-hour incubation with thrombin 4 U/mL (314% +/- 72% of control levels, n = 5, P less than .025). The production of PAI-1 was increased by TNF 200 U/mL (241% +/- 44% of control, n = 3, P less than .005), thrombin 4 U/mL (180% +/- 12% of control, n = 5, P less than .0005) and IL-1 beta 10 U/mL (275% +/- 44% of controls, n = 5, P less than .0005). In four experiments, endothelial cells showed no specific binding of 125I-GM-CSF, whereas peripheral blood (PB) neutrophils demonstrated the presence of 802 +/- 78 high-affinity receptors for GM-CSF. Thus, we found no effect of rhGM-CSF or rhG-CSF on the proliferation activities by these cells. These findings are in accordance with the lack of demonstrable receptors for GM-CSF on cultured HUVEC.
 ...
PMID:Lack of effect of granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors on cultured human endothelial cells. 193 61

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that underlines the production of multiple highly specialized cells. The intricate mechanisms involved in this process include both positive and negative feedback by humoral activities, pluripotent stem cell selfrenewal and differentiation, and local interactions between stromal components of the hematopoietic microenvironment and various stem and progenitor cells. A group of hematopoietic growth factors, as well as their genes and chromosomal locations, have been identified. Advances in biochemistry and molecular biology led to the purification, genetic sequencing and molecular cloning of these glycoproteins. They include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO). The biologic specificity of these substances is defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in a semisolid clonal assay system. These factors share certain characteristics, including their ability to stimulate the function of mature cells, their overlapping activity affecting progenitor cells of several lineages, and their direct and indirect actions on nonhematopoietic cells. Trials using hematopoietic growth factors demonstrated their remarkable efficacy in a variety of clinical settings.
 ...
PMID:Hematopoietic growth factors. 170 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>