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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that expresses its biological effects by binding to specific membrane receptors. Although the diverse biological properties of this molecule have been characterized extensively the biochemical mechanisms by which extracellular binding events lead to biological responses remain unclear. IL-4 can stimulate the proliferation of several hemopoietic cell types, and we have taken advantage of its ability to induce the growth of leukemic cell lines to investigate the role that protein phosphorylation events might play in IL-4 mitogenic signal transduction. We show that the addition of IL-4 to several leukemic cell lines of different origin causes the rapid dephosphorylation of an 80-kDa phosphoprotein (p80) from tyrosine residues. This event occurs in a dose-responsive manner closely correlating to that of biological activity, and both are blocked by an anti-IL-4-specific antiserum. The ability of sodium orthovanadate to prevent IL-4-induced dephosphorylation of p80 suggests that this event is mediated by a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48). The importance of the role that tyrosine-specific dephosphorylation plays in mediating IL-4 mitogenic signal transduction is substantiated by the ability of sodium orthovanadate in cell culture to block effectively IL-4-induced proliferation at doses that enhance the proliferation stimulated by either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-3.
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PMID:Interleukin-4 proliferative signal transduction involves the activation of a tyrosine-specific phosphatase and the dephosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein. 191 45

The dynamics and activation status of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells differentially expressing the CD45R (220 kDa) antigen were studied in prefemoral efferent lymph draining the site of cutaneous reinfection with orf virus. CD4+, CD45R+ lymphoblasts preceded CD4+, CD45R- lymphoblasts during the first 48 h after reinfection. Thereafter, the output of both total and blast-transformed CD4+, CD45R- T-cells increased in proportion to the CD4+, CD45R+ cells for the duration of the virus reinfection. Output of CD8+, CD45R+ T-cells exceeded that of the CD8+, CD45R+ cells both before and after reinfection. However, within the lymphoblast population, CD8+, CD45R+ and CD8+, CD45R- T-cells increased and decreased in parallel. CD4+, CD45R- and CD8+, CD45R- T-cells produced interleukin-2, interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after culture for 24 h without exogenous restimulation, whereas CD4+, CD45R+ T-cells produced only interleukin-2. The results show that although both CD45R+ and CD45R- alpha beta receptor+ T-cell subsets are activated as a consequence of virus reinfection in vivo, it is the CD45R- subset that predominates in the later stages of reinfection and is the principal cellular source of lymphokines in the efferent lymph.
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PMID:The activation status of ovine CD45R+ and CD45R- efferent lymph T cells after orf virus reinfection. 891 Jul 44

Interferon alpha/beta plays an important role in the first-line defense against viral infections and can modulate cytokine responses by T-helper cells. Type 1 interferons (IFNs) are clinically important in infectious diseases and in the treatment of leukemia and lymphomas. Many different cell types have the capacity to produce IFN-alpha after encounter with virus and bacteria. The major, natural type 1 IFN-producing cell in humans was recently described as the plasmacytoid T cell, or pDC2, and it can differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) on culture. This study describes the murine natural IFN-alpha-producing cell, or pDC2, that shares morphologic features with its human counterpart but has some distinct phenotypical characteristics. Murine plasmacytoid DCs can be differentially isolated based on their expression of CD11c, B220 (CD45R), and Thy1.2 (CD90). They lack expression of myeloid (eg, CD11b) antigens and CD8 alpha, a marker used to isolate lymphoid DCs. Like human pDC2, murine plasmacytoid DCs exhibit their maximal type 1 IFN-producing capacity at a precursor stage; pDCs isolated from bone marrow responded to viral stimulation with higher IFN-alpha production than cells of the same phenotype isolated from spleen. Mobilization of mice with Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) or Flt3L and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, hematopoietic factors that specifically enhance DC growth, resulted in strikingly increased numbers of pDC in bone marrow and spleen. The isolation of this novel murine DC subset may serve as a useful tool in the study of viral immunobiology and for the design of treatments for murine malignancies.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from Flt3 ligand and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated mice. 1173 52