Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of nedocromil sodium (NES) on human immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgG subclasses and IgA subclasses was studied. NES inhibited IgM and IgA1 production from human lymphoblastoid B-cell lines CBL and GM-1056, respectively, in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition was not due to decreased cell growth as cell proliferation was not affected by NES and cell viability was always greater than 98%. Of the various cytokines tested, interleukin-4 (IL-4) reduced the NES-induced inhibition of Ig production, whereas other cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo) failed to do so. The reducing effect of IL-4 was blocked by anti-IL-4 antibody but not by control IgG. Moreover, IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, but not GM-CSF, overcame the reducing effect of IL-4. NES also inhibited production of IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2 by tonsillar B cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) and IL-6 without affecting proliferation. This inhibition was reduced by IL-4 specifically. These results indicate that in addition to its anti-allergic function, NES may act as a B-cell regulatory reagent.
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PMID:Nedocromil sodium acts directly on human B cells to inhibit immunoglobulin production without affecting cell growth. 813 19

The IgA1 proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes, which are produced by pathogenic bacteria that infect and colonize mucosal surfaces. This group of proteolytic enzymes was found to cleave specific peptide bonds within the sequence TPPTPSPSTPPTPSPS (T, P and S are threonine, proline and serine residues, respectively) found in the hinge region of human IgA1. Several findings support the role of IgA1 protease, for example, its ability to cleave human LAMP1 (hLAMP1), TNF-RII, the CD8 molecule of T lymphocytes and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), synaptobrevin II, hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, and its ability to exhibit important immunomodulatory properties, etc. , in particular the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. The IgA1 proteases have been found to instigate part of the T cell inflammatory response, especially to stimulate the release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). All these suggest that this enzyme plays a significant role in pathogenesis. There are many other researches to explore new biological treatments of diseases using the biological characteristics of IgA1 protease.
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PMID:[Biological significance of IgA1 proteases]. 2160 15