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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the action of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on bone formation has been extensively investigated, the effect of the factor on bone resorption is little known. We first examined the effect of IGF-I on bone resorption by preexistent osteoclasts by using unfractionated bone cells cultured on dentin slices. IGF-I had a dose-related effect of stimulating bone resorption by preexistent osteoclasts, whereas IGF-II did not. When IGF-I was added to cultures of bone cells after preexistent osteoclasts had degenerated on the dentin slices, IGF-I increased the number of osteoclastic multinucleate cells (MNCs) with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. Moreover, IGF-I augmented the area of pits produced by newly formed osteoclasts. These results suggest that IGF-I directly or indirectly stimulates osteoclast recruitment and activation. Therefore, we next examined the direct effect of IGF-I on osteoclastic MNC formation by using hemopoietic blast cells. In the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, IGF-I, like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), dose-dependently increased the number of TRAP-positive MNCs. This stimulatory effect of IGF-I was additive with that of GM-CSF. Both IGF-I and GM-CSF supported the survival of the blast cells, indicating that IGF-I as well as GM-CSF are supporting factors for osteoclast differentiation. In addition, the blast cells possessed high affinity binding sites for IGF-I, with a Kd of 0.8 nM. These data, thus, indicate that IGF-I stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption through its direct or indirect action of supporting the generation and activation of osteoclasts.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor-I supports formation and activation of osteoclasts. 150 51

The erythroid-potentiating effects of biosynthetic human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II were evaluated and compared in serum-free cultures of human marrow erythroid progenitors. IGF-I and IGF-II enhanced the in vitro growth of relatively mature (CFU-E) and primitive (BFU-E) erythroid progenitors at similar dose-dependent magnitudes. Significant elevations in erythroid colony counts were detected at 0.2-0.6 ng/mL of both peptides, with a maximal increase in CFU-E and BFU-E numbers detected at 2-6 ng/mL. Similar enhancement of erythroid progenitor cell growth by both peptides was also detected in cultures of marrow cells that had been depleted of accessory cells or in cultures of highly enriched hemopoietic progenitors. IGF-I and IGF-II enhanced erythroid progenitor cell growth at both limiting and saturating concentrations of recombinant human erythropoietin or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but did not alter the sensitivity of CFU-E and BFU-E to their respective hemopoietic regulators. The erythroid-potentiating effects of IGF-I and IGF-II were completely abrogated by monoclonal antibodies directed against IGF-I membrane receptors. IGF-I and IGF-II thus appear to exert their effects on human marrow erythroid progenitors via a direct mechanism involving the type I IGF receptor.
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PMID:Comparative studies of the erythroid-potentiating effects of biosynthetic human insulin-like growth factors-I and -II. 173 Aug 18

This study examined the influence of the following growth factors and cytokines on early embryonic development: insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-beta), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) was used as the culture medium. We studied the development of bovine embryos produced in vitro and cultured until Day 9 after fertilization. TGF-beta1, bFGF, GM-CSF, and LIF used on their own significantly improved the yield of hatched blastocysts. IGF-I, bFGF, TGF-beta1, GM-CSF, and LIF significantly accelerated embryonic development, especially the change from the expanded blastocyst to hatched blastocyst stages. Use of a combination of these growth factors and cytokines (GF-CYK) in SOF medium produced higher percentages of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts than did use of SOF alone (45% and 22% vs. 24% and 12%; P<0.05) on Day 8 after in vitro fertilization and similar results to use of SOF+10% fetal calf serum (38% and 16%, at the same stages, respectively). The averages of total cells, inner cell mass cells, and trophectoderm cells of exclusively in vitro Day-8 blastocysts for pooled GF-CYK treatments were higher than those for SOF and similar to those for fetal calf serum. The presence of these growth factors and cytokines in the embryo culture medium therefore has a combined stimulatory action on embryonic development; in particular through an increase in hatching rate and in the number of cells of both the inner cell mass and trophoblast. These results are the first to demonstrate that use of a combination of recombinant growth factors and cytokine, as IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF, TGF-beta1, LIF, and GM-CSF, produces similar results to 10% fetal calf serum for the development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. This entirely synthetic method of embryo culture has undeniable advantages for the biosecurity of embryo transfer.
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PMID:Effect of the association of IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF, TGF-beta1, GM-CSF, and LIF on the development of bovine embryos produced in vitro. 2003 87