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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) of recombinant growth factors and crude materials, of media conditioned by omentum tissue (OMCM), and of media conditioned by the bladder carcinoma cell line (HTB9CM) was measured by three different culture methods. Using the two-stage culture method, significant activity was shown in OMCM (137%-329% of the control), HTB9CM (102%-333%), recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) (179%-220%), rh interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) (232%-676%), and rh insulin-like growth factor 1 (rh IGF-1) (106%-175%), whereas there was no significant increase in the number of erythroid bursts by the same additives when the one-stage culture or the delayed erythropoietin method was employed. Linear dose-response curves were observed in the tested range of rhIL-3 and rhGM-CSF. We also observed that 1) a larger amount of rhGM-CSF was required for the optimal stimulation of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) than for the optimal stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), and 2) even the maximum dose of rhGM-CSF increased erythroid bursts to a lesser extent than was possible by the addition of rhIL-3. The former results implies that BPA is not the major activity of GM-CSF, and the latter result, although it is not conclusive, suggests that the GM-CSF-responsive BFU-E represent only a subset population of BFU-E responsive to IL-3. The two-stage culture is a useful assay method for screening BPA in biological materials with respect to accuracy, dose responsiveness, and reproducibility.
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PMID:Three quantitative assays for human erythroid burst-promoting activity of recombinant growth factors and of omentum-conditioned medium. 240 58

In order to investigate differences in control mechanisms between embryonic and adult hemopoiesis, we have studied the sensitivity of human embryonic progenitors (5-8 weeks postconception) to either positive (erythropoietin (Ep), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1] or negative (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma] in vitro regulators of adult hemopoietic differentiation. Growth stimulators were analyzed under serum-deprived conditions whereas growth inhibitors were investigated in serum-supplemented culture. Formation of granulocyte-macrophage colonies from embryonic progenitors was induced by GM-CSF but inhibited by TNF and IFN-gamma. Early erythroid progenitors resemble adult erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) in their sensitivity to Ep and TNF but differ in their lack of response to GM-CSF or other adult sources of burst-promoting activity, and absence of inhibition by IFN-gamma. IGF-1 promoted erythroid burst formation in the absence of insulin, but did not have Ep-like activity. These data indicate that embryonic and adult erythroid progenitors differ at least in terms of in vitro sensitivity to GM-CSF and IFN-gamma and suggest that different cellular response to control signals may underlie the differences observed in vivo between embryonic and adult hemopoiesis.
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PMID:Human embryonic hemopoiesis: control mechanisms underlying progenitor differentiation in vitro. 311 98

In this study we define hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as a population of cells that, when sorted as single cells, gives rise to both myeloid as well as lymphoid progeny. We sorted single cells from four populations of CD34+ cells from fetal bone marrow: (1) CD38- HLA-DR-, (2) CD38- HLA-DR+, (3) CD38+ HLA-DR-, and (4) CD38+ HLA-DR+ into liquid culture media supplemented with interleukin-3 (IL-3) IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insuline-like growth factor (IGF-1). The HSCs were found in the cell populations lacking CD38, the plating efficiency was highest in the CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR+ cell population (48% n = 12); however, only a small proportion of the CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR+ cells showed both lymphoid and myeloid growth potential. When the identical cell populations were sorted into liquid culture media supplemented with bFGF and IGF-1, cell growth was noted from only 1%-5% of the sorted CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR- cells. The cells have the potential to grow and differentiate in vitro to form complex structures that recapitulate normal bone formation. Serial passages of the progeny from these cultures resulted in the formation of similar structures.
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PMID:Analysis of bone marrow stem cell. 752 79

We have previously described a two-step methylcellulose culture system in which individual primitive progenitors from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice were shown to have both myeloid and B lymphoid differentiation capacity. Highly enriched Lin-Sca+FU2d BM cells were cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of Steel factor (SF), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). Primary mixed myeloid colonies were replated after 8-11 days into secondary cultures containing SF and IL-7, which supported the generation of B220+sIgM- pre-B cell colonies. A number of growth factors, including IL-6, IL-11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and IL-12 were shown to be capable of substituting for PWM-SCM to support the B lymphoid potential of primary colonies. B lymphoid potential was not supported, however, in SF + IL-3 or in SF + IL-3 plus any single growth factor (IL-1 to -12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], G-CSF, erythropoietin [Epo], leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta], gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], or insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), but was supported in SF + IL-3 + 5% PWM-SCM. Experiments were designed to identify the factor or factors in PWM-SCM that reverse the inhibitory effects of IL-3 on B lymphoid potential. By substituting various cytokine combinations for PWM-SCM, we determined that combinations of IL-4 + IL-6 or IL-4 + IL-11, but not IL-4 alone, can substitute for PWM-SCM to reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-3 on B lymphoid potential. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-4 completely eliminated the activity in PWM-SCM, but antibodies to IL-6 only partially inhibited the activity. IL-11 was not detected in PWM-SCM, and the activity co-purified with IL-4, but not with IL-6. Thus, IL-4 plus IL-6, IL-11, or one or more unidentified growth factors in PWM-SCM can reverse the inhibitory effects of IL-3 on early B lymphocyte development in culture.
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PMID:Interleukin-4 (IL-4) in combination with IL-11 or IL-6 reverses the inhibitory effect of IL-3 on early B lymphocyte development. 864 28

Human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells N.1 secrete an autocrine activity that stimulates active cell death under serum-reduced conditions. To substitute the autocrine activity by a single physiological component, 28 cytokines, growth factors and biomodulators were tested [interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, stem cell factor (SCF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-2, insulin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), oncostatin, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), angiogenin, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), erythropoietin (EPO), interferon alpha (INF-alpha), INF-gamma, transferrin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and bovine serum albumin for control reasons]. In these experiments, only TNF-alpha and TNF-beta rapidly induced apoptosis. TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor 1 were expressed by N.1 cells, and the secretion of TNF-alpha was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autocrine factor-triggered apoptosis was inhibited when conditioned supernatant was preincubated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody. These findings suggested that the apoptosis-inducing component of the N.1 autocrine activity was TNF-alpha. In the presence of antisense c-myc oligonucleotides, induction of cell death by autocrine factor was partly inhibited. Autocrine factor and TNF-alpha stimulated transcription of the invasiveness-related protease plasminogen activator/urokinase mRNA (upa) with similar kinetics. When N.1 cells were exposed to purified plasminogen activator/urokinase protein (uPA), cell matrix contact was disrupted. Thus, uPA might serve a physiological role during TNF-induced apoptosis by affecting the interactions between cells and the basal membrane, thereby facilitating anoikis. This mechanistic study, which was restricted to a single human ovarian carcinoma model cell line (N.1), provides evidence that N.1 maintains the capacity to undergo c-myc-dependent apoptosis by the TNF-TNF-receptor pathway, and no additional pharmacological stimuli for induction of apoptosis are required.
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PMID:Autocrine self-elimination of cultured ovarian cancer cells by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). 976 76

Female BALB/c mice were actively immunized subcutaneously with a recombinant protein of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused with somatostatin (SS) (GM-CSF/SS). Fifty-four days after the primary immunization, the body weight of the immunized mice increased by 4.62% compared with the control (P < 0.05), together with the induction of detectable serum antibodies against SS. The level of serum growth hormone (GH) elevated by 44.54% (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of muscular IGF-1 increased by 94% for the GM-CSF/SS-treated mice. The results indicated that the recombinant protein GM-CSF/SS was efficient in inducing specific immunity against SS, subsequently leading to the increase of the GH level by SS neutralization, and ultimately improving the growth of mice.
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PMID:Effect of active immunization against a recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/somatostatin fusion protein on the growth of mice. 2230 89