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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human blood monocytes secrete a number of cytokines following activation including two hematopoietic growth factors, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and monocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). The genes for these two factors can be both coordinately and independently expressed. Treatment of monocytes with phorbol myristic acid or cycloheximide induces both genes, while lipopolysaccharide selectively and transiently induces G-CSF transcripts. Interleukin-3 or granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor selectively induce M-CSF transcripts. Using nuclear run-on transcription assays and Northern blot analysis of actinomycin D-treated cells to estimate mRNA half-life, we show that the induction of both genes is due to mRNA stabilization. In resting monocytes, the levels of transcripts for both G-CSF and M-CSF are very low. Following stimulation with phorbol myristic acid, cycloheximide, lipopolysaccharide, or interleukin-3 the estimated transcription rate of both genes does not increase. However, the half-life of M-CSF mRNA increases to approximately 2 h, whereas G-CSF mRNA half-life increases to as long as 4 h. Thus, the control of CSF gene expression in monocytes is likely to involve more than one post-transcriptional mechanism.
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PMID:Regulation of granulocyte- and monocyte-colony stimulating factor mRNA levels in human blood monocytes is mediated primarily at a post-transcriptional level. 264 23

Steel factor (SLF), the ligand for the c-kit proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase receptor, synergizes with several hematopoietic growth factors to produce greatly enhanced proliferation of normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as that of the human growth factor-dependent myeloid cell line, M07e. The mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. In an attempt to understand the cellular processes relevant to this phenomenon, we examined the effects of SLF and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on induced lipid metabolism in M07e cells. We find that both GM-CSF and SLF induced increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) turnover rates (biosynthesis and degradation) as measured by increased [3H]-choline labelling, with SLF being more potent than GM-CSF after 6 h of stimulation, but equipotent at 24 h of stimulation. The labelling of aqueous intermediates of PC metabolism was also increased by cytokine stimulation, most notably phosphocholine. Simultaneous stimulation with GM-CSF plus SLF resulted in a true synergistic induction of PC, lysoPC, and phosphocholine labelling. GM-CSF and SLF each induced asymmetric labelling of various phospholipid classes as measured by incorporation of different [3H]-fatty acids. [3H]-myristic acid labelling of phosphatidylserine was most prominently induced (approximately 12-fold). Cytosolic choline kinase activity was also upregulated more than twofold over control by SLF, which might contribute to the increased phosphocholine labelling. These effects may have relevance to the intracellular mechanisms of the synergistic proliferative stimulation of SLF plus GM-CSF on M07e cells.
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PMID:Synergistic induction of phospholipid metabolism by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and steel factor in human growth factor-dependent cell line, M07e. 756 19