Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was performed to find an ideal combination and sequence of cytokines, antibiotics and immunorestorative agents to enhance survival from serious infection. The effects of combinations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, the immune adjuvant muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and two systemic antibiotics were studied in a validated murine model of surgical infection. A single cotton suture containing absorbed Klebsiella pneumoniae was placed into the thighs of mice to produce local and systemic infection. Control mice received a volume of subcutaneous saline equal to that of the therapeutic agent; only 18 per cent survived 9 days after infection. The survival time of mice treated with any single agent was similar to that of controls. The group given maximal combined therapy (65 mice) received GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, MDP, and ampicillin-sulbactam or cefoxitin for 6 days. The survival rate in this group 9 days after the introduction of infection was 84-90 per cent (P < 0.0001), suggesting that specific combinations of cytokines, immunostimulants and antibiotics may be useful in combating lethal infection.
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PMID:Improved survival in simulated surgical infection with combined cytokine, antibiotic and immunostimulant therapy. 795 94