Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have recently shown that Abelson murine leukemia (A-MuLV) virus can transform cells in large mixed colonies to give tumorigenic myeloid cell lines capable of autonomous growth in vitro. Initial studies revealed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production was consistently activated in these cells. Using a sensitive S1 RNA mapping technique and additional bioassays, we have now obtained evidence of expression of other hemopoietic growth factor genes. Uniformly 32P-labeled, single-stranded DNA probes (greater than 4 x 10(8) cpm/micrograms) were generated for interleukin 3 (IL-3) and GM-CSF using pTZ based vectors. IL-3 mRNA was detected in four of four cloned transformants (from two different infections) at approximately 1% of the level seen in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated spleen cells. GM-CSF mRNA was detected in the two clones that showed the highest IL-3 mRNA levels. Medium conditioned by these cells was able to stimulate IL-3-dependent 32D cells, and IL-3- and GM-CSF-dependent B6SUtA cells, and also supported the growth of a variety of single and multilineage colonies in assays of mouse marrow cells even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF. Rearrangements of the IL-3 and GM-CSF genes were not apparent by Southern blot analysis. Additional bioassays revealed the presence of two other growth factors: IL-6 (hybridoma growth factor or Ifn-beta 2) assayed on B13.29 cells, a factor-dependent murine B-cell hybridoma; and a new pre-B-cell stimulatory factor different from any of the above. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying this phenomenon may provide important insights into the regulation of hemopoietic growth factor gene expression and the role such genes play in human leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Activation of multiple hemopoietic growth factor genes in Abelson virus-transformed myeloid cells. 284 75

AF18748 is disulphide-linked homodimeric peptide with 19 amino acids in each chain that antagonises the action of the eosinophil-specific cytokine, interleukin 5 (IL-5). We have generated a set of N-terminally truncated peptides derived from AF18748 and demonstrated that the first five amino acids of the peptide do not contribute to receptor binding activity. The shortened peptide blocked IL-5-dependent adhesion of eosinophils with an IC(50)of 350 pM, and had no effect on stimulation by IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or fMet-Leu-Phe. The peptides were rapidly broken down in mouse plasma through cleavage of a single chain of the dimer. However, this breakdown did not correlate with loss of biological activity, indicating that the asymmetric peptide fragment retains full receptor binding capacity. The activity of AF18748 disappeared rapidly from the blood following intravenous injection into mice. Coupling of polyethylene glycol to the N-terminus of AF18748 resulted in a moderate loss in biological potency (IC(50)30 nM), but the resulting conjugate persisted in the circulation for more than 8 h after injection. Despite its high potency at the human IL-5 receptor, AF18748 was unable to antagonise the activity of IL-5 on murine B13 cells, or on canine eosinophils, indicating that the peptide is highly specific for the human IL-5 receptor.
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PMID:Modified peptide antagonists of interleukin 5 exhibit extended in vivo persistence but restricted species specificity. 1150 4