Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new thyroid cancer cell line, KTC-2, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a patient with recurrent thyroid cancer associated with anaplastic transformation from thyroid papillary cancer. Karyotype analysis showed a mode of 109 chromosomes. Subcutaneous cell injections produced small regressing tumors in athymic or severe combined immunodeficiency disorders (SCID) mice. Histologic examination showed anaplastic tumor cells surrounded by prominent mononuclear cells. An expression of thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor-1, and PAX-8 but not thyroid peroxidase and thyrotropin (TSH) receptor was detected. Biochemical analysis revealed secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. All the cytokines are known to induce paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Our previous studies revealed that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) reduces secretion of IL-6 and PTHrP from human breast cancer cells. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of secretion of these cytokines, MPA was administered to the KTC-2 cells. MPA dose-dependently decreased the secretion and mRNA expression of IL-6 and PTHrP. Expression of androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) but not progesterone receptor was detected. Dexamethasone but not dihydrotestosterone and progesterone decreased IL-6 and PTHrP secretion. These findings suggest that MPA decreases IL-6 and PTHrP secretion as a glucocorticoid mediated by GR in the KTC-2 cells. This KTC-2 cell line may be a suitable model for developing new strategies against paraneoplastic syndromes caused by anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Medroxyprogesterone acetate decreases secretion of interleukin-6 and parathyroid hormone-related protein in a new anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, KTC-2. 1272 73

Thyroid tumors producing colony-stimulating factors associated with neutrophilia and/or eosinophilia are very rare and almost all of them concern anaplastic thyroid cancer. Only one case of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with neutrophilia and one case of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with eosinophilia have been reported. In this report a 72-year old male patient with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with neutrophilia and eosinophilia is described. While investigating the cause of neutrophilia and eosinophilia, a blind bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest was performed, which showed infiltration by papillary thyroid carcinoma. High blood levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-csF) were found using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As other causes of neutrophilia and eosinophilia were excluded, we assumed that these were paraneoplastic manifestations induced by GM-csF produced by the thyroid tumor. the disease progressed rapidly, despite appropriate treatment which included thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive (131)I administration. the patient died 11 months after diagnosis because of extensive lung metastasis. Neutrophilia and eosinophilia were stable findings, while serum thyroglobulin levels remained elevated throughout the follow-up period. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in whom neutrophilia and eosinophilia associated with high circulating levels of GM-csF were detected.
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PMID:Papillary thyroid carcinoma producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with neutrophilia and eosinophilia. 1717 6

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare disease, and cases associated with eosinophilia are even rarer. We herein report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma accompanied by remarkable and uncontrollable eosinophilia. A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with end-stage anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Throughout the aggressive clinical course of the cancer, eosinophilia dramatically progressed and became extremely refractory to steroid treatment. We measured the serum levels of hematopoietic cytokines potentially involved in eosinophilia, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-5. Although the GM-CSF level was moderately elevated, both the IL-3 and IL-5 levels were within the normal ranges. In this case, the patient's eosinophilia may have been related to his severe dyspnea and was likely responsible for the allergic reaction to the anticancer drug. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the etiology of eosinophilia in patients with thyroid cancer in order to improve the treatment for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma accompanied by uncontrollable eosinophilia. 2578 51