Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that promotes white cell maturation, participates in the metabolism of pulmonary surfactant. Little is known on the production of GM-CSF during pregnancy or the neonatal period. We studied how the concentrations of GM-CSF in amniotic fluid (AF) or in tracheal aspirates (TA) of newborn infants are influenced by length of gestation, postnatal age, as well as conditions affecting the mother or the fetus. One hundred and forty-three AF samples from 143 pregnant patients (gestational age range, 28-42 wk) and 202 TA samples from 82 neonates (gestational age, 24-42.5 wk, postnatal age 0.2 d to 4 wk) were analyzed for GM-CSF using ELISA. In patients with intact membranes, AF GM-CSF increased as a function of gestational age; the concentrations were below 7.5 ng/L (detection limit of the assay) (n = 5), 18.6 +/- 2.3 ng/L (n = 56), and 56.7 +/- 7.9 ng/L (n = 58) at gestational ages between 28 and 32 wk, between 32 and 37 wk, and in term patients, respectively (linear regression: r = 0.404, p = 0.001). Among patients at less than 33 wk of gestation, those with intact membranes had a median AF GM-CSF concentration under the detection limit (n = 7), whereas in those with preterm premature rupture of membranes, the concentration was 50.1 +/- 22.2 ng/L (n = 16) (p = 0.002). Among term patients, those in labor had higher AF GM-CSF than those without signs of labor. TA GM-CSF at less than 12 h of age correlated with gestational age (r = 0.654, p = 0.0002, n = 28); thereafter, TA GM-CSF increased, and gestation dependence disappeared. We conclude that GM-CSF in AF and in fetal lung liquid is developmentally regulated and GM-CSF production increases in inflammatory conditions during pregnancy.
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PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in amniotic fluid and in airway specimens of newborn infants. 897 97

A gradient of immunological mediators exists in the fetal membranes from the periplacental zone (PZ) to the rupture zone (RZ) at term delivery (rupture of fetal membranes [ROM]). However, it is unknown if this gradient is different in premature rupture of these tissues (premature rupture of fetal membranes [PROM]). We therefore analyzed leukocyte chemotactic activity and chemokine/cytokine production in fetal membrane zones in ROM and PROM. In ROM, leukocyte chemotactic activity increased from the PZ to the RZ; however, this did not occur in PROM. This was due to consistently elevated leukocyte chemotactic activity in PROM compared to ROM tissues. In the RZ, ROM was characterized by increased T-cell attraction and high levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL-8)/interleukin 8, and PROM by increased granulocyte attraction and high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CXCL-10/interferon gamma-induced protein 10. We conclude that normal and premature rupture of fetal membranes differ in regional chemotactic activity and related chemokine/cytokine production, which may represent evidence for differential mechanisms of rupture at term delivery.
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PMID:Normal and premature rupture of fetal membranes at term delivery differ in regional chemotactic activity and related chemokine/cytokine production. 2283 64