Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using specific ELISA kits, we investigated the secretion of cytokines in five human prostate carcinoma cell lines: ALVA 31, DU145, LNCaP, ND1 and PC3. Three of the five cell lines investigated secreted granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); GM-CSF was not identified in ALVA31 or LNCaP. In addition, we have shown that conditioned media of DU145, ND1 and PC3 stimulated proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line MO7e indicating that these cells secrete biologically active GM-CSF. By flow cytometric analysis we determined that all five cell lines expressed the alpha-subunit of the GM-CSF receptor on the cell surface but only ALVA31 expressed both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the GM-CSF receptor. Varying concentrations of GM-CSF did not stimulate the proliferation rate of any of the prostate carcinoma cell lines. Thus, there does not appear to be autocrine loop of GM-CSF-induced proliferation. However, the expression of E-cadherin and endoglin (CD105) was modulated under GM-CSF treatment in ALVA31. In addition, GM-CSF decreased the level of soluble CD44 in ND1. These results suggest that the GM-CSF receptor alpha-subunit may play a role in metabolic activity of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Human prostate carcinoma cell lines secrete GM-CSF and express GM-CSF-receptor on their cell surface. 868 98

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can not only support the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, but also alleviate complications and accelerate recovery of hematopoiesis during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, it proved challenging to culture MSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) with a success rate of 20-30%. Many cell culture parameters contribute to this outcome and hence optimization of culture conditions is critical to increase the probability of success. In this work, fractional factorial design was applied to study the effect of cell inoculated density, combination and dose of cytokines, and presence of serum and stromal cells. The cultured UCB-MSC-like cells were characterized by flow cytometry and their multilineage differentiation potentials were tested. The optimal protocol was identified achieving above 90% successful outcome: 2 x 10(6) cells/mL mononuclear cells inoculated in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplied with 10% FBS, 15 ng/mL IL-3, and 5 ng/mL Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, the UCB-MSC-like cells expressed MSC surface markers of CD13, CD29, CD105, CD166, and CD44 positively, and CD34, CD45, and human leukocyte antigens-DR (HLA-DR) negatively. Meanwhile, these cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes similarly to MSCs derived from bone marrow. In conclusion, we have developed an efficient protocol for the primary culture of UCB-MSCs by adding suitable cytokines into the culture system.
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PMID:Optimization of primary culture condition for mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood with factorial design. 1931 63

Endoglin plays a crucial role in pathophysiological processes such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), preeclampsia and cancer. Endoglin expression is upregulated during the monocyte-to-macrophage transition, but little is known about its regulation and function in these immune cells. Two different alternatively spliced isoforms of endoglin have been reported, L-endoglin and S-endoglin. Although L-endoglin is the predominant variant, here, we found that there was an increased expression of the S-endoglin isoform during senescence of the myeloid lineage in human and murine models. We performed a stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) analysis of both L-endoglin and S-endoglin transfectants in the human promonocytic cell line U937. Analysis of differentially expressed protein clusters allowed the identification of cellular activities affected during aging. S-endoglin expression led to decreased cellular proliferation and a decreased survival response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced apoptosis, as well as increased oxidative stress. Gene expression and functional studies suggested that there was a non-redundant role for each endoglin isoform in monocyte biology. In addition, we found that S-endoglin impairs the monocytic differentiation into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and contributes to the compromised status of macrophage functions during aging.
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PMID:Expression of endoglin isoforms in the myeloid lineage and their role during aging and macrophage polarization. 2477 81