Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04141 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
 6,790 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been shown to play a major role in gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The presence of a reiterated pentamer (AUUUA) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs encoding lymphokines, cytokines, transcription factors, and proto-oncogenes has been shown to be associated with rapid turnover and translation attenuation. Cytoplasmic proteins (70, 50, 43, 36, and 25 kDa) capable of specifically binding to RNAs containing these AU-rich sequences were identified in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Levels of the 36-kDa protein were markedly increased following transcriptional, but not translational inhibition, a feature recently reported for hnRNP A1, a protein of comparable mass. Antibodies directed against heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A1 and C immunoprecipitated 36- and 43-kDa proteins that had bound the AUUUA-rich region contained in the 3'-UTR of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. Recombinant hnRNP A1 was shown to preferentially bind to RNAs containing AUUUA sequences in a specific manner, and displayed comparable patterns to the 36-kDa AU-specific binding proteins following partial proteolysis. These data identify for the first time hnRNP A1 and C as cytoplasmic proteins in human lymphocytes that are capable of specifically associating with reiterated AUUUA sequences present in the 3'-UTR of labile mRNAs. As such, they may play a role as trans-acting factors in the modulation of cytoplasmic mRNA turnover and translation, in addition to their previously characterized roles as pre-mRNA binding proteins involved in nuclear mRNA processing.
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PMID:Association of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 and C proteins with reiterated AUUUA sequences. 847 31

We have developed a gene trap approach to select specific cytokine receptor/ligand responsive genes in the cell line TF-1. This cell line exhibits a dependency on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) and responds to interleukin-5 (IL-5). In an attempt to detect genes modulated by one of these factors, cells were infected with the Rosabetageo retrovirus in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 and clones were selected for retroviral integration on the basis of G418 resistance. Housekeeping and cytokine-regulated trapped genes were then differentiated on the basis of G418 resistance versus sensitivity in the presence of the different cytokines. To determine the reliability of this screen, DNA sequences upstream of the proviral integration site were identified by 5' rapid amplification of DNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR) from selected GM-CSF-treated and -infected clones. Comparison of the sequences with those in the Genbank database revealed that 2 sequences correspond to known genes: NACA and RBM3. NACA was recently defined as a coactivator of c-jun-mediated transcription factors in osteoblasts, and RBM3 as a protein from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. Data from transcriptional analysis of these 2 genes in TF-1 cells showed a specific up-regulation by GM-CSF. Both transcripts were also found to be up-regulated in purified CD34(+) cells, suggesting their involvement in proliferative processes during hematopoiesis. Interestingly, down-regulation was observed during monocytic differentiation of TF-1 cells, suggesting their extinction could contribute to monocytic lineage development. This study demonstrates that this gene trap approach is a useful method for identifying novel, specific cytokine-responsive genes that are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis. (Blood. 2000;95:3750-3757)
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PMID:Capture of cytokine-responsive genes (NACA and RBM3) using a gene trap approach. 1084 6