Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissue homeostasis is determined by the balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme regulating the level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. The effect of catalase deficiency on renal tubulointerstitial injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has been studied in homozygous acatalasemic mutant mice (C3H/AnLCs(b)Cs(b)) compared with wild-type mice (C3H/AnLCs(a)Cs(a)). Complete UUO caused interstitial cell infiltration, tubular dilation and atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis with accumulation of type IV collagen in obstructed kidneys (OBK) of both mouse groups. However, the degree of injury showed a significant increase in OBK of acatalasemic mice compared with that of wild-type mice until day 7. The deposition of lipid peroxidation products including 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal was severer in dilated tubules of acatalasemic OBK. Apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells significantly increased in acatalasemic OBK at day 4. Expression of caspase-9, a marker of mitochondrial pathway-derived apoptosis, increased in dilated tubules of acatalasemic mice. The level of catalase activity remained low in acatalasemic OBK until day 7 without compensatory upregulation of glutathione peroxidase activity. The data indicate that acatalasemia exacerbated oxidation of renal tissue and sensitized tubular epithelial cells to apoptosis in OBK of UUO. This study demonstrates that catalase deficiency enhanced tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis in a murine model of UUO and thus supports the protective role of catalase in this model.
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PMID:Acatalasemia sensitizes renal tubular epithelial cells to apoptosis and exacerbates renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. 1472 14

Oxidative mechanisms of injury are important in many neurological disorders, including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Cerebral palsy after preterm birth is hypothesized to be caused by hypoxic-ischemic injury of developing oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here we examined the developmental sensitivity of OLs to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with stage-specific rat oligodendrocyte cultures. We found that H2O2 itself or that generated by glucose oxidase was more toxic to developing than to mature OLs. Mature OLs were able to degrade H2O2 faster than developing OLs, suggesting that higher antioxidant enzyme activity might be the basis for their resistance. Catalase expression and activity were relatively constant during oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was upregulated with a twofold to threefold increase in its expression and activity. Thus, it appeared that the developmental change in resistance to H2O2 was caused by modulation of GPx but not by catalase expression. To test the relative roles of catalase and GPx in the setting of oxidative stress, we measured enzyme activity in cells exposed to H2O2 and found that H2O2 induced a decrease in catalase activity in developing but not in mature OLs. Inhibition of GPx by mercaptosuccinate led to an increase in the vulnerability of mature OLs to H2O2 as well as a reduction in catalase activity. Finally, H2O2-dependent inactivation of catalase in developing OLs was prevented by the GPx mimic ebselen. These data provide evidence for a key role for GPx-catalase cooperativity in the resistance of mature OLs to H2O2-induced cell death.
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PMID:Glutathione peroxidase-catalase cooperativity is required for resistance to hydrogen peroxide by mature rat oligodendrocytes. 1497 32

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and examine protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in various tissues (brain, liver, kidney, heart and stomach). Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) weighing 220 +/- 20 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten: the control group and the cold stress group. Cold stress was applied to the animals by maintaining them in a cold room (5 degrees C) for 15 min/day for 15 days. Blood samples were taken for measuring plasma corticosterone levels. Tissues were obtained from each rat for measuring the antioxidant enzyme activities, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Corticosterone levels were increased in the cold stress group. Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activities were increased in the brains, livers and kidneys, whereas they decreased in the hearts and stomachs of rats in the cold stress group. Catalase activities were increased in the brains, livers, kidneys and hearts, whereas they decreased in the stomachs of rats in the cold stress group. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in the brain, liver, heart and stomach. Reduced glutathione levels were decreased, while levels of protein carbonyl, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were increased in all tissues of the cold stress group. These results lead us to conclude that cold stress can disrupt the balance in an oxidant/antioxidant system and cause oxidative damage to several tissues by altering the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation.
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PMID:Cold-stress-induced modulation of antioxidant defence: role of stressed conditions in tissue injury followed by protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. 1502 90

Resting and exercised (both acute and chronic) hindlimb skeletal muscle from long-lived Ames dwarf and wild type mice at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months of age was tested for antioxidant enzyme activity and protein, non-enzymatic antioxidant ratios, mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide concentration, and plasma lactate levels. Differences were observed in GPX enzyme activity between mouse genotypes at all physical activity levels, with dwarf mice exhibiting depressed levels at younger ages (3 months: P = 0.09 [non-swim], P = 0.03 [acute swim], P = 0.04 [chronic swim]) and comparatively higher levels than wild type mice at older ages (18-24 months: P = 0.05 [acute swim], P = 0.07 [chronic swim]). Catalase enzyme activity and the GSH system rarely demonstrated significant differences between genotypes, regardless of age or activity. However, the chronic exercise group displayed a difference in GSH:GSSG ratios between mouse genotypes (P = 0.005). Plasma lactate concentrations were elevated in the wild type mice compared to the dwarf mice at all ages in all activity groups. These results suggest there are biological differences with regard to antioxidant defense that favor the Ames dwarf mouse in active and resting skeletal muscle when compared to wild type mice.
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PMID:Long-lived Ames dwarf mouse exhibits increased antioxidant defense in skeletal muscle. 1506 2

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness in the developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress may play a major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of age-related disorders such as age-related macular degeneration. Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme which plays an important role in the detoxification of free oxygen radicals. Malondialdehyde is a marker that shows free radical damage. We have measured the erythrocyte activity of catalase and the serum level of malondialdehyde in 30 patients with age-related macular degeneration and 60 healthy subjects. Patients with age-related macular degeneration showed significantly lower catalase activity compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.002). Plasma malondialdehyde level of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.038).
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PMID:Changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde level in patients with age-related macular degeneration. 1510 17

Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a very important role in the protection against oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide. It is a very highly conserved enzyme that has been identified from numerous species including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, but the information about catalase in crustaceans is very limited. A cDNA containing the complete coding sequence for catalase from the shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei was sequenced and the mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in selected tissues. Catalase was detected in hepatopancreas crude extracts by Western blot analysis with anti-human catalase polyclonal antibodies. The nucleotide sequence is 1692 bp long, including a 72-bp 5'-UTR, a coding sequence of 1515 bp and a 104-bp 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to 505 amino acids with high identity to invertebrate, vertebrate and even bacterial catalases and contains the catalytic residues His71, Asn144, and Tyr354. The predicted protein has a calculated molecular mass of 57 kDa; which coincides with the size of the subunit (approximately 55 kDa) and the tetrameric protein (approximately 230 kDa) detected in hepatopancreas extracts under native conditions. Catalase mRNA level was higher in hepatopancreas, followed by gills and was not detected in muscle.
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PMID:Catalase from the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei: molecular cloning and protein detection. 1532 32

In forensic medicine practice poisonings are rather frequent, and among them, those caused by fatal "substitution" of ethyl alcohol. One of the most frequently encountered "substitutes" for ethyl alcohol is methanol. The purpose of our research was to determine the concentration of malonic dialdehyde as the expression of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity after dosed chronic ethyl and methyl alcohol intoxication. The experiment was conducted on approx. 6 month-old male inbred Lewis rats each weighing approx. 250 g. Ethanol and methanol solution was given in the concentration 1.0 M. The control group of rats received water. Each experimental group numbered 30 rats, this number was divided into three sub-groups, which were put-down at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZu-SOD) was determined by the Misra-Fridovich method, catalase (CAT) by the Beers-Sizer method. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) was determined using the method of Placer et al. by assessing the concentration of TBARS compounds. Results are expressed as a mean +/- SD. The paired Student's test for small groups were used. Superoxide dismutase SOD1 activity decreased compared with the control group throughout the duration of the experiment from 2212 U/gHb to 1676 U/gHb for ethanol and from 2212 U/gHb to 945 U/gHb for methanol. Catalase activity for methanol decreased from 9.1 U/gHb to 5.1 U/gHb, for ethanol to 7.4 U/gHb. In the 4th week of the experiment increase of malonyl dialdehyde concentration for methanol group was observed--from 0.14 umol/gHb to 0.34 umol/Hb; after 8th weeks it decreased to 0.2 umol/gHb and in the 12th week increased to 0.23 umol/gHb. For ethanol these changes was less visible and reached the level of 0.24 umol/l. The statistical processing of the results was performed on the basis of parametric tests (the t-Student test for small experiments) and computer software Statistica. The statistical significance was set for p<0.05.
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PMID:[Selected alcohols on the pro- and anti-oxidative processes in rat erythrocytes]. 1549 56

In the present study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructure of diabetic rat lung. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg kg(-1), i.p.). After 8 weeks induction of diabetes, some control and diabetic rats were treated with simvastatin (10 mg kg(-1) rat day(-1); orally) for 4 weeks. Diabetes resulted in significantly high levels of blood glucose and plasma lipids. Malondialdehyde levels were unchanged after 12-week-old diabetic rats, whereas catalase activity significantly decreased in the lung. Glutathione peroxidase activity and nitric oxide level were significantly elevated in the diabetic lung. Histological analysis of the diabetic lung revealed some deterioration in the structure. Simvastatin treatment reduced plasma lipid levels and partially decreased the severity of hyperglycaemia. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and nitric oxide levels were partially restored and accompanied by improved structure in diabetic lung by the simvastatin treatment. These results suggest that structural disturbances and alteration of antioxidative enzyme activities occurred in diabetic lung. Simvastatin treatment may provide some benefits in the maintenance of antioxidant status and structural organization of diabetes-induced injury of lung.
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PMID:Effects of simvastatin treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and ultrastructure of streptozotocin-diabetic rat lung. 1554 Feb 54

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the elevation of reactive oxygen species levels and the repression of the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, played a critical role in the in vitro progression of benign papilloma cells to malignant carcinoma cells. Catalase message, protein levels, and activity levels were found to be downregulated in the malignantly progressed cells. The goal of this study is to further characterize the repression of catalase in malignant progression of mouse skin tumors. To validate the in vitro observations, we examined catalase expression in tumor samples generated by the multistep chemical carcinogenesis protocol. Higher levels of catalase mRNA and protein were observed in benign papillomas versus malignant carcinomas. Nuclear run-on analysis showed that catalase repression in the cultured malignant cells was transcription-dependent. Results from luciferase reporter assays indicated that malignant cells have lower catalase promoter activities than benign papilloma cells, in part through the Wilm's tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) binding site within the proximal promoter region. The WT1 protein levels were found to be inversely correlated with the observed catalase promoter activities, with higher levels observed in the malignant cells versus the benign cells. These results led us to conclude that WT1 is acting as a transcription repressor in catalase gene regulation during tumor progression.
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PMID:Transcriptional repression of catalase in mouse skin tumor progression. 1554 52

Two distinct systems of different origin are involved in the pathogenesis of both infectious and immunological vasculitis syndrome: nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells and granulocyte NADPH oxidase. In this study, in 31 children with immune system dysfunction, NO, NO synthase (NOS) and antioxidant enzyme activities [catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], as well as immunological parameters, were investigated. On the basis of the clinical findings, all children were divided into three groups: group I, 8 children clinically showing macular skin manifestations; group II, 11 children with maculo-papulous changes; and group III, 12 children with clinical findings of papulous changes. Plasma NO values in groups II and III were significantly elevated (79.14+/-30.13 and 65.32+/-6.70 micromol/l), compared to the control group (41.24+/-3.65 micromol/l), while group I showed statistically lower values (32.38+/-3.37 micromol/l). In children with the highest level of NO (group II) NOS activity was two-fold higher (1.77+/-0.59 nmol/ml/min; p<0.01) than in controls (0.98+/-0.23 nmol/ml/min). Catalase activity showed a significant increase and SOD activity a significant decrease in all experimental groups, while GPx was not significantly changed. The results show that immune system dysfunction manifested as vasculitis is associated with significant disturbances in the NO system and free radicals scavengers.
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PMID:Immune system-mediated endothelial damage is associated with NO and antioxidant system disorders. 1555 69


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