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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In maize three isozymic forms of catalase, CAT-1, CAT-2, and CAT-3 are encoded by three distinct and unliked structural genes (Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3). Catalase activity profiles and zymogram analysis were used to examine the spatial and temporal expression of the three genes during kernel maturation. Three developmental stages of catalase expression were observed in the growing kernel. During stage 1 (6-12 days after pollination), both Cat1 and Cat3 were expressed; during stage 2 (15-18 days after pollination) only Cat1 expression was observed; and during stage 3 (21-30 days after pollination), Cat1 and Cat2 were expressed. The major constituent tissues of the kernel were examined to determine their contribution to total kernel catalase expression. Each of the tissues was found to have a unique pattern of catalase gene expression. RNA blot analysis, using catalase gene-specific nucleic acid probes, suggests that the differential expression of the three catalase genes observed in the kernel is regulated by controlling the distribution of steady-state mRNA species for the three genes.
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PMID:Differential expression of the maize catalase genes during kernel development: the role of steady-state mRNA levels. 279 51

It has been reported that the isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes can compromise cellular ability to constituitively express antioxidant enzyme (AE) genes, making it difficult to study their regulation ex vivo. In the present study, the steady-state expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was assessed in primary hepatocytes isolated from young and senescent rats and cultured in MATRIGEL: There was no change in steady-state superoxide dismutase protein or activity levels in cells collected from young animals and cultured for 7 days. Catalase expression was initially increased, and then it declined 30%. In contrast, superoxide dismutase expression declined 60% and catalase expression declined 50% in cells from senescent animals. Constitutive and inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein expression increased coincident with declining AE levels in the young cells but not senescent cells. For both age groups, electron micrographs showed rounded hepatocytes with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Hepatocytes were organized into clusters of 6-12 cells surrounding a large central lumen devoid of microvilli. Each cluster also contained smaller microvilli-lined lumens between adjacent hepatocytes that resembled canniculi. The plasma membranes of these lumens were sealed from the extracellular space by junctional complexes. Gap junctions in the plasma membrane suggest that hepatocytes were capable of intercellular communication. We conclude that the Matrigel system can be used to study AE regulation in primary hepatocytes from young and senescent animals, provided that experiments can be conducted within a time frame of 5-7 days in culture. These data also support the hypothesis that aging compromises hepatocellular ability to maintain AE status and upregulate stress protein expression.
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PMID:Aging lowers steady-state antioxidant enzyme and stress protein expression in primary hepatocytes. 1138 88

Mouse embryos are more sensitive than rat embryos in response to methanol (CH(3)OH) and its ability to elicit developmental abnormalities. Intrinsic differences in the metabolism of CH(3)OH to formaldehyde (HCHO) and formic acid (HCOOH) by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH3), and catalase may contribute to the observed species sensitivity. Specific activities for enzymes involved in CH(3)OH metabolism were determined in rat and mouse conceptuses during the organogenesis period of 8-25 somites. Spatial activity relationships were also compared separately in heads, hearts, trunks, and the visceral yolk sac (VYS) from early (7-12 somites) and late (20-22 somites) organogenesis-stage rat and mouse embryos. Catalase activities were similar between rat and mouse conceptuses. In the mouse heart, catalase activities were consistently lower when compared to other tissues. Specific activities for catalase were consistently highest in the VYS of both species when compared to other tissues of the embryo. These activities were highly significant in the 6-12 somite VYS. ADH1 activities were significantly higher in embryos when compared to VYS in both species, except for a 27% lower activity in the early 8-10 somite mouse embryo. Mouse ADH1 activities in the VYS were significantly lower throughout the organogenesis period when compared to the rat VYS or embryos of either species. Mouse activities were lower overall in specific tissues of the embryo but maintained the same relative proportions as in the rat. ADH3 activities in the rat VYS were significantly higher by 20% than those in the mouse. Mouse embryo ADH3 activities were slow to mature, starting at a level 42% below rat, and failed to reach optimal levels until the 14-16-somite stage. Heart ADH3 activities were also significantly lower in the mouse embryo at the 7-12-somite stage. Both species have lower ADH3 activities in the early heart, relative to other embryonic tissues. These results show a more slowly maturing capacity of the mouse embryo to remove HCHO, which provides a rationale for increased sensitivity of this species to CH(3)OH-induced embryotoxicity and teratogenicity.
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PMID:Methanol metabolism and embryotoxicity in rat and mouse conceptuses: comparisons of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH3), and catalase. 1275 5