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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), two enzymes destroying hydrogen peroxide, were reported in two Babesia species: B. divergens cultivated in vitro and B. hylomysci obtained in vivo. On the use of specific substrate and inhibitor, we confirmed that the Gpx activity detected was selenium-dependent. Moreover, the two Babesia species contain glutamate dehydrogenase activity. This enzyme is capable of providing to the cell the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) necessary for regeneration of the reduced glutathione. Gpx activity is weaker in B. divergens than in B. hylomysci and seems to be compensated by higher levels of catalase activity. Such a balance between the two enzymes may depend on the selenium concentration available for the parasite.
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PMID:Babesia hylomysci and B. divergens: presence of antioxidant enzymes destroying hydrogen peroxide. 949 31

Supplying adequate iron (Fe) to neonatal pigs to support normal growth and hematological and antioxidant status, while preventing iron toxicity, is a challenge for producers. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of frequency and route of Fe administration with or without vitamin E (E) and selenium (Se) on growth, Fe, and antioxidant status of neonatal pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 pigs from dams with reduced E status were fed a semipurified diet without added Fe from d 3 to d 14 of age. At d 6 of age, pigs received the following i.m. injections: 1) FE, 1 mL containing 200 mg of Fe (iron dextran); 2) FEE, treatment FE plus 1 mL containing 300 IU of vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol); or 3) FESEE, 1.03 mL containing 200 mg of Fe (iron dextran), .15 mg of Se (sodium selenite), and 15 IU of vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol). Pigs were weighed daily and blood was collected at 3, 7, and 14 d of age. From d 8 to 14, growth was depressed (P < .05) in pigs injected with FESEE. At 14 d of age, pigs injected with FE or FEE had increased (P < .05) hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Ceruloplasmin activity (CP) was greater (P < .05) at d 7 of age than at d 3 or 14 regardless of treatment. In Exp. 2, 3-d-old pigs (n = 94) received the following: 1) FE, 200 mg Fe (iron dextran) i.m.; (2) FEE, treatment FE plus 300 IU vitamin E i.m.; 3) EFE, 300 IU vitamin E i.m. followed by 200 mg Fe (iron dextran) i.m. 24 h later; or 4) OFE, 100 mg Fe and 10 mg Cu orally. On d 21 of age, one-half of the pigs in each treatment received a second dose of their respective treatment. Blood samples (n = 60) were obtained on d 3 and 21 of age. Pigs injected with FE, FEE, or EFE had greater (P < .05) Hb at d 21 than pigs given OFE. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) activity was greater (P < .05) at d 21 with OFE than with the other treatments. At 65 d of age, ADG did not differ among treatments. In Exp. 3, pigs (n = 150, in three farrowing groups) were injected with 200 mg of Fe (iron dextran) on d 1 or d 1 and 14. Blood samples were obtained on d 7 and 21 of age. Hemoglobin concentration on d 21 was improved equally by both treatments. Catalase and Cu/ZnSOD activities were increased (P < .05) on d 21 of the experiment compared with d 7 regardless of treatment. Growth was not affected by injection frequency. Results from these experiments indicate that one Fe injection (200 mg) for pigs from sows fed adequate vitamin E will result in adequate growth and hemoglobin concentration with today's improved genetics.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin E and selenium on iron utilization in neonatal pigs. 1043 23

Effect of repeated oral administration of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 and 30 days) on the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation (LPX) of rat cerebral hemisphere (CH) was evaluated. The level of LPX was elevated after 7 days of treatment in crude homogenate (endogenous and FeSO(4)- and ascorbic acid-stimulated) and subcellular fractions except the nuclear fraction in which induction was seen after 30 days. The pesticide elicited a significant decrease in the activities of cytosolic total and CN(-)-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) after 7 and 30 days of HCH treatment, but failed to evoke any change in CN(-)-resistant SOD. Catalase activity decreased throughout the treatment period. Cerebral glutathione peroxidase activity (both selenium-dependent and -independent isoenzymes) and the level of glutathione content were decreased after 7 and 30 days of treatment, respectively. Activity of glutathione reductase and content of ascorbic acid, however, were enhanced following the pesticide exposure. The results suggest that repeated HCH administration induced oxidative stress in rat CH.
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PMID:Mediation of oxidative stress in HCH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. 1079 Apr 96

Parasitic nematodes, like all aerobic organisms, require antioxidant enzymes to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Additionally, they have to protect themselves against ROS produced by the host. Parasitic nematode enzymes that deal with the superoxide anion radical, the superoxide dismutases (SODs), have been described in every species examined, whereas enzymes that deal with hydrogen peroxide have been difficult to identify. A major family of enzymes in mammals, the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), appears to be absent, although a selenium-independent GPX family exists. These enzymes demonstrate little or no activity with hydrogen peroxide. Catalase (CAT) activity has been detected, but sequences encoding a typical CAT polypeptide have only been identified in a few species, despite the active EST sequencing projects. However, a new family of enzymes has recently been described, the peroxiredoxins (PRXs), which are abundant in parasitic nematodes and have been shown to react with hydrogen peroxide. This review summarizes the major characteristics of each of these enzyme families in general and in parasitic nematodes, emphasizing and comparing the newer data on the family of PRXs.
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PMID:Antioxidant enzyme families in parasitic nematodes. 1137 93

One-day-old chicks were reared using diets that differed in their vitamin E and/or selenium content. In chicks depleted of both selenium and vitamin E, signs of exudative diathesis on the superficial pectoralis muscle were observed. The purpose of this research was to determine the defective points of the antioxidant defense system, which made this tissue highly susceptible to nutritionally-induced oxidative stress. Vitamin E, and selenium in lower magnitude, were the factors that strikingly affected the course of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Animals fed diets deficient in vitamin E and selenium displayed the lowest reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity. The decreased levels of reduced glutathione were not due to a defective activity of glutathione reductase, which was increased in both mitochondria and cytosol. The absence of vitamin E was linked to lowering of mitochondrial thiol levels. The Glutathione peroxidase/Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase ratio was 2.8 in animals fed selenium and vitamin E, and decreased to 0.13 in animals deficient in both nutrients. This change was indicative of oxidant-induced damage mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase activity increased in an attempt to counteract the decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity. The results obtained showed that alpha-tocopherol and Se deficiencies caused multiple alterations in the antioxidant system and adversely affected the redox state of chicken superficial pectoralis muscle.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to oxidative stress in chicken superficial pectoralis muscle. 1142 88

Antimutagens and anticarcinogens are known to play an important role in decreasing damages induced by oxidants. In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and antimutagenic potential of two selenium compounds (sodium selenite: Na(2)SeO(3); seleno-DL-methionine: C(5)H(11)NO(2)Se) and Vitamins A and E in yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An oxidative mutagen (hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), HP) was chosen as positive control. We determined the enzymatic activities involved in the protection against oxidative damages (catalase: CAT; superoxide dismutase: SOD; glutathione peroxidase: GPx) in the cytosolic extract of yeast cells. The results demonstrated that selenium compounds exerted both mutagenic and antimutagenic effect at different concentrations. Antimutagenesis was evident both in stationary and in logarithmic phase cells. Catalase, SOD, and GPx were significantly increased in the presence of all the compounds assayed. Vitamins A (retinol) and E (alpha-tocopherol) did not have toxic or mutagenic action.
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PMID:Protective effects of vitamins and selenium compounds in yeast. 1155 86

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and examine protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in various tissues (brain, liver, kidney, heart and stomach). Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) weighing 220 +/- 20 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten: the control group and the cold stress group. Cold stress was applied to the animals by maintaining them in a cold room (5 degrees C) for 15 min/day for 15 days. Blood samples were taken for measuring plasma corticosterone levels. Tissues were obtained from each rat for measuring the antioxidant enzyme activities, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Corticosterone levels were increased in the cold stress group. Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activities were increased in the brains, livers and kidneys, whereas they decreased in the hearts and stomachs of rats in the cold stress group. Catalase activities were increased in the brains, livers, kidneys and hearts, whereas they decreased in the stomachs of rats in the cold stress group. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in the brain, liver, heart and stomach. Reduced glutathione levels were decreased, while levels of protein carbonyl, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were increased in all tissues of the cold stress group. These results lead us to conclude that cold stress can disrupt the balance in an oxidant/antioxidant system and cause oxidative damage to several tissues by altering the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation.
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PMID:Cold-stress-induced modulation of antioxidant defence: role of stressed conditions in tissue injury followed by protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. 1502 90

Zinc is an essential trace element with many enzymatic functions that include antioxidant properties. To investigate whether an excess of Zn in the cells produces cytotoxicity or tissue damage or an imbalance in the antioxidant systems, marine clams (Ruditapes decussatus) were exposed to two sublethal Zn concentrations (100 and 1000 microg L(-1)) for 28 days. The effects of Zn on the activities of protective antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, both total and selenium-dependent), lipid peroxidation, and metallothionein induction were followed in the gills and digestive gland of these clams. The results indicate that the effect of Zn exposure in this clam species depends not only on the tissue but also on the Zn concentration present. In the gills, catalase activity was enhanced by Zn exposure, whereas total glutathione peroxidase activity was inhibited. Lipid peroxidation occurred only in the clams exposed to the highest Zn concentration. In the digestive gland, the impact of Zn exposure on metabolic activity was less evident than in the gills. The most evident effect in both tissues was the enhancement of catalase activity by Zn exposure. Catalase and total glutathione peroxidase activities as well as lipid peroxidation are promising biomarkers to assess the effects of Zn in the gills of R. decussatus.
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PMID:Does zinc produce reactive oxygen species in Ruditapes decussatus? 1504 Dec 62

The aims of this study were to observe the changes in antioxidative defense enzymes and renal morphology after 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (7,12-DMBA) administration in mice and to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin against 7,12-DMBA-induced renal damage in comparison with vitamin E + selenium (vit E + Se). Forty female mice were divided into four groups: control, DMBA, DMBA + vit E + Se and DMBA + melatonin. In the DMBA group, mice were given injections of 7,12-DMBA (20 mg/kg). DMBA + vit E + Se group mice received injections of 7,12-DMBA + vit E + Se (20 mg/kg + 90 mg/kg + 1.8 microg/kg). In the melatonin group, mice were given injections of 7,12-DMBA + melatonin (20 mg/kg + 4.2 mg/kg). The experiment lasted for 21 days. Mice were killed and the kidneys were taken for enzyme analyses and histologic examination. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were found significantly decreased in the DMBA group and in the DMBA + vit E + Se group when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas CAT and GSH-Px activities were found significantly elevated in the DMBA + melatonin group when compared with the control (P < 0.05) and the DMBA group (P < 0.01). Exposure to DMBA resulted in tubular alterations in renal cortex. Morphometric analysis revealed proximal and distal tubular damage (P < 0.05). These alterations were found to be prevented by melatonin but not with vit E + Se administration. These results reveal that melatonin stimulates CAT and GSH-Px activities and prevents renal injury better than vit E + Se combination in mice kidneys.
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PMID:The effect of melatonin on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene injury in comparison with vitamin E + selenium in mouse kidneys. 1686 19

We determined the effects of immobilization stress on antioxidant status, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, kidney, heart and stomach of rats. Sixteen male Wistar rats (3 months old) were divided into controls (C) and immobilization stress group (IS). IS rats were immobilized for 180 min/day for 15 days. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased in IS group. Copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase activities were increased in brain, liver and kidney, but decreased in the heart and stomach after immobilization. Catalase activities were increased in brain, kidney and heart, and decreased in liver and stomach. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in brain and kidney, but increased in heart and stomach. Reduced glutathione levels were decreased, while protein carbonyl, conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were increased in all tissues. Our results showed that the response of antioxidant defense system to stress differs for each tissue, and protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation is induced by immobilization stress in peripheral tissues.
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PMID:Immobilization stress in rat tissues: alterations in protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system. 1715 74


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