Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the role of heating on oxidative stress and muscle mass in immobilized limbs. Rats were divided into three groups (n = 9/group): a control group (Con), an immobilized group (Im), and an immobilized and heated group (ImH). Rats were immobilized in the plantarflexed position for 8 days. The core temperature of the ImH group was elevated to 41-41.5 degrees C on alternating days and maintained for 30 min before cooling. On day 8, both heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) and HSP72 were markedly elevated in the ImH compared with the Im group, whereas results in the Im group were not different from Con. Most notably, the ImH group had significantly larger solei compared with the Im group, which were less than those shown in the Con group. Furthermore, immobilization alone caused a significant increase in oxidative damage, and the addition of heating to immobilization significantly reduced oxidative damage. In an effort to further identify the cause of this protective effect, antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed. CuZnSOD was sharply elevated in Im compared (P < 0.025) with that in the Con and reduced in the ImH group compared with that in the Im group (P < 0.025). Catalase was elevated 8% (P < 0.025) in the Im group compared with the Con group and was similar to the ImH group. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and MnSOD did not differ between groups. These data indicate that heating provides protection against oxidative stress and preserves muscle mass during disuse atrophy. These data also suggest that antioxidant protection is not conferred via antioxidant enzymes, and HSPs may play an important role.
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PMID:Heat treatment reduces oxidative stress and protects muscle mass during immobilization. 1576 Nov 86

Nitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), induced oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are capable of initiating peroxidative damage to the cell. The present study was designed to establish whether pre-treatment with vitamin E (40 mg/kg body wt, intraperitoneally (ip), twice a week for 4 weeks) to NDEA induced rats provides protection against oxidative stress caused by NDEA. A single necrogenic dose of NDEA (200 mg/kg body wt) was administered intraperitoneally (ip) to the rats with or without vitamin E pre-treatment and the animals were sacrificed on Day 7, 14 or 21 after NDEA administration. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in erythrocytes as indices of oxidative damage. The result showed elevated levels of LPO in erythrocytes with NDEA treatment, however, vitamin E pre-treated rats administered NDEA showed decreased LPO (Day 14 and 21). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and the glutathione (GSH) content increased with NDEA treatment and remained high in vitamin E pre-treated group. Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities declined with NDEA treatment; however, vitamin E pre-treated rats administered NDEA, showed elevation in the enzyme activities. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity increased in erythrocytes in vitamin E pre-treated rats administered NDEA, while Se-GSH-Px activity was not affected significantly. This study demonstrates that the pre-treatment with vitamin E prior to the administration of NDEA was effective in counteracting and modulating oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes in a time-dependent manner.
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PMID:Modulation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced oxidative stress by vitamin E in rat erythrocytes. 1600 96

The variations of membrane bound total sialic acid (TSA) and lipid peroxidation level dependent on the antioxidant enzyme activities such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been studied in yeast extract supplemented medium. The maximum SOD and CAT activities of F. equiseti tended to increase with raises of yeast extract concentration up to 25 g/L where they were determined to be 78.6 +/- 0.96 and 312.7 +/- 5.6 IU/mg. On the other hand, SOD and CAT activities in F. acuminatum significantly increased with the rise of yeast extract concentration up to 10 g/L (p < 0.01) and maximum activities were observed at this concentration as 36.3 +/- 0.54 and 115.3 +/- 2.19 IU/mg on the 12th day incubation. Other H2O2 scavenger enzyme, GSH-Px activities of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum were reached the maximum at 5 and 25g/L yeast extract and determined as 5.06 +/- 0.04 and 4.74 +/- 0.09 IU/mg, respectively. TSA level showed positive correlation with SOD and CAT activities while LPO levels variations negatively correlated. The results may indicate that these antioxidant enzymes also appeared to be involved in protecting membrane bound sialic acids as well as membrane lipid of the fungus from exogenous reactive oxygen species.
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PMID:Functions of antioxidant enzyme activities on the membrane bound total sialic acid and lipid peroxidation level in F. equiseti and F. acuminatum. 1615 96

A catalase-negative mutant of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha consumed methanol in the presence of glucose when the organism was grown in carbon-limited chemostat cultures. The organism was apparently able to decompose the H(2)O(2) generated in the oxidation of methanol by alcohol oxidase. Not only H(2)O(2) generated intracellularly but also H(2)O(2) added extracellularly was effectively destroyed by the catalase-negative mutant. From the rate of H(2)O(2) consumption during growth in chemostat cultures on mixtures of glucose and H(2)O(2), it appeared that the mutant was capable of decomposing H(2)O(2) at a rate as high as 8 mmol . g of cells . h. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) was absent under all growth conditions. However, cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP; EC 1.11.1.5) increased to very high levels in cells which decomposed H(2)O(2). When wild-type H. polymorpha was grown on mixtures of glucose and methanol, the CCP level was independent of the rate of methanol utilization, whereas the level of catalase increased with increasing amounts of methanol in the substrate feed. Also, the wild type decomposed H(2)O(2) at a high rate when cells were grown on mixtures of glucose and H(2)O(2). In this case, an increase of both CCP and catalase was observed. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown on mixtures of glucose and H(2)O(2), the level of catalase remained low, but CCP increased with increasing rates of H(2)O(2) utilization. From these observations and an analysis of cell yields under the various conditions, two conclusions can be drawn. (i) CCP is a key enzyme of H(2)O(2) detoxification in yeasts. (ii) Catalase can effectively compete with mitochondrial CCP for hydrogen peroxide only if hydrogen peroxide is generated at the site where catalase is located, namely in the peroxisomes.
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PMID:Hydrogen peroxide metabolism in yeasts. 1634 19

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neonatal septicemia. The present study was planned to estimate the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in neonatal septicemia. The study was done to evaluate the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic in neonates with septicemia. This prospective study included 44 septicemic babies as cases and a group of 84 matched healthy babies formed the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GTPx), Catalase, Uric acid (UA) and Albumin (Alb) were estimated in the serum and compared between the groups. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-10 software. Neonates with septicemia had significantly higher levels of MDA, SOD, GTPx, and Catalase, while the levels of UA and Alb were significantly lower as compared to controls (p<0.001). Significantly elevated levels of MDA (p<0.05) and depressed levels of UA (p<0.001) were found in babies with late onset sepsis. Neonates who ultimately succumbed had significantly elevated levels of MDA, SOD, GTPx and Catalase, whereas levels of UA and Alb were significantly depressed (p<0.001). Neonates with sepsis are handicapped in terms of their defense mechanism against free radicals. The utility of supplementation of antioxidant enzymes in neonates with septicemia needs further evaluation.
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PMID:Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in neonatal septicemia. 1655 40

The reproductive physiology of Corynorhinus mexicanus includes a testes growth-involution cycle. Testis recrudescence begins in May-June, peaks in August and then undergoes a profound involution being totally regressed in November. Adult, male individuals were captured monthly during one year and ROS scavenging enzyme activities were measured in testes and expressed per total wet-weight and per mg protein. SOD total activity is very low from October to February; increases sharply one full month before testes recrudescence starts, and in August, when testis activity was at its peak, SOD is 3-4 times lower than in July. Catalase total activity is bimodal. The main peak of activity occurs during testicular recrudescence with an additional smaller peak, two months before the onset of recrudescence. Glutathione peroxidase total activity parallels almost exactly the testis growth cycle, increases in July, reaches a peak in August and decreases through September to almost disappear in October. SOD specific activity shows a pre-testicular increase of activity, maintains its activity from March to July and then descends drastically to almost nil in August, maintaining these low values until February. Catalase specific activity is particularly important during the period of testicular regression. GPX specific activity is low from March to July, months of testicular recrudescence; whereas its activity increases in August and peaks in November, when testes regression occurs. Our data show that ROS-scavenging enzymes may play a very important role during testes involution-recrudescence in C. mexicanus, and we believe their participation could be equally important in all seasonally breeding mammals.
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PMID:Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the testis of the Mexican big-eared bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus) during its annual reproductive cycle. 1748 34

An attempt has been made to study the influence of taurine on mercury intoxicated rats. The animals were treated with sublethal dose of mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg body wt.) for 30 days. During the mercury treatment, the level ofAspartate transaminase(AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver tissue significantly increased whereas Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase(GPx), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were simultaneously decreased in the liver tissue. Present results indicate that the liver tissue was completely damaged, after mercury treatment. In another group of animals, taurine (5 mg/kg body wt.) was administrated for another 15 days. Taurine administration was observed to improve the liver function in mercury intoxicated animal as indicated by the decline in increased levels of AST, ALT and ALP in serum and LPO content in liver tissue. The decreased level of antioxidant system (GSH, GPx, CATand SOD) has been promoted Results suggested that taurine played a vital role in reducing the mercury toxicity in intoxicated animals.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective effects of taurine against mercury induced toxicity in rats. 1840 8

Earthworms have been widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. However, it is only during the past few decades, with the development of biochemical technologies, that research on the pharmaceutical effects has been initiated. The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of indigenous earthworm powder (Perionyx excavatus), using alcohol induction as a model of hepatotoxic and oxidative damage. Alcohol-hepatotoxic rats exhibited elevation in the lipid-peroxidative marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). A decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) was observed. Oral administration of dried earthworm powder (500 mg/kg body weight) for 42 days reversed these parameters towards normalcy. These results suggest that the indigenous earthworm Perionyx excavatus could afford a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect against alcohol induced rats.
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PMID:Effect of earthworm powder on antioxidant enzymes in alcohol induced hepatotoxic rats. 1872 55

Presence of different antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and ascorbate, p-phenilendiamine-pyrocathecol (PPD-PC), o-dianisidine, and guaiacol isoperoxidases, was shown in the phytoparasific nematode species Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, Heterodera schachtii, H. carotae, and Xiphinema index. The activity of the enzymes tested differed among the life stages examined. SOD was present in cysts but was not detected in Meloidogyne egg masses. Catalase activity of Meloidogyne females was higher than that of preparasitic stages and cyst-nematode females. For the first time, ascorbate peroxidase was found to occur commonly in phytoparasitic nematodes, with the highest activity in the invading life-stages. In all the life stages examined, the antioxidant enzyme activities of M. hapla were markedly higher than those of M. incognita. Glutathione peroxidase was not found in the species examined.
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PMID:Antioxidant enzymes in phytoparasitic nematodes. 1927 44

Animals can adapt their behavior to predictable temporal fluctuations in the environment through both, memory-and-learning processes and an endogenous time-keeping mechanism. Hippocampus plays a key role in memory and learning and is especially susceptible to oxidative stress. In compensation, antioxidant enzymes activity, such as Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), has been detected in this brain region. Daily rhythms of antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as of glutathione and lipid peroxides levels, have been described in brain. Here, we investigate day/night variations in lipoperoxidation, CAT, and GPx expression and activity, as well as the temporal fluctuations of two key components of the endogenous clock, BMAL1 and PER1, in the rat hippocampus and evaluate to which extent vitamin A deficiency may affect their amplitude or phase. Holtzman male rats from control, vitamin A-deficient, and vitamin A-refed groups were sacrificed throughout a 24-h period. Daily levels of clock proteins, lipoperoxidation, CAT and GPx mRNA, protein, and activity, were determined in the rat hippocampus obtained every 4 or 5 h. Gene expression of RARalpha and RXRbeta was also quantified in the hippocampus of the three groups of rats. Our results show significant daily variations of BMAL1 and PER1 protein expression. Rhythmic lipoperoxidation, CAT, and GPx, expression and activity, were also observed in the rat hippocampus. Vitamin A deficiency reduced RXRbeta mRNA level, as well as the amplitude of BMAL1 and PER1 daily oscillation, phase-shifted the daily peak of lipoperoxidation, and had a differential effect on the oscillating CAT and GPx mRNA, protein, and activity. Learning how vitamin A deficiency affects the circadian gene expression in the hippocampus may have an impact on the neurobiology, nutritional and chronobiology fields, emphasizing for the first time the importance of nutritional factors, such as dietary micronutrients, in the regulation of circadian parameters in this brain memory-and-learning-related region.
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PMID:Temporal patterns of lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzymes are modified in the hippocampus of vitamin A-deficient rats. 1930 57


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