Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rapid growing acid-fast organism was isolated from the blood of a borderline leprosy patient. The isolate appeared to be close to Mycobacterium cheloni group of organisms but showed globi, cigar shaped bundles and was positive for DOPA-oxidase. Catalase, iron uptake, sodium chloride tolerance, tellurite reduction, Tween 80 hydrolysis and pyridine extraction tests were also positive. The 3-days arylsulphatase test and nitrate reduction test were negative.
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PMID:Isolation of a DOPA positive rapid growing mycobacterium from blood of a leprosy patient. 157 5

Although the nonfermentative, asaccharolytic, putative anaerobes Wolinella curva, Wolinella recta, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Bacteroides gracilis are phylogenetically related to the true campylobacters, the type strains of these species exhibited O2-dependent microaerophilic growth in brucella broth and on brucella agar. The optimum O2 levels for growth of these strains ranged from 4 to 14% in brucella broth and from 2 to 8% on brucella agar, when H2 was provided as the electron donor. No growth occurred under 21% O2, and scant or no growth occurred under anaerobic conditions unless fumarate or nitrate was provided as a terminal electron acceptor. Aspartate, asparagine, and malate also served as apparent electron acceptors. The organisms were catalase negative and, except for B. gracilis, oxidase positive. Catalase added to brucella broth enhanced growth. O2 uptake by all species was inhibited by cyanide and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. We concluded that these organisms are not anaerobes but instead are microaerophiles, like their campylobacter relatives.
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PMID:Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Bacteroides gracilis are microaerophiles, not anaerobes. 185 36

Campylobacter species were isolated from 93 (15%) of 631 Thai children with diarrhea using the membrane filter technique on nonselective blood agar incubated at 37 degrees C. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 62 (10%), Campylobacter coli from 14 (2%), and atypical campylobacters from 17 (3%). The 17 atypical strains were first characterized biochemically and by dot blot DNA hybridization. Catalase-negative strains also were characterized by DNA hybridization and ribotype pattern. One strain was a catalase-negative "Campylobacter upsaliensis" and another was a nitrate-negative Campylobacter jejuni doylei. Fifteen isolates were aerotolerant strains most closely resembling Campylobacter cryaerophila or "C. upsaliensis" by dot hybridization. These aerotolerant strains, designated group 2 ("Campylobacter butzleri"), had ribotypes distinct from C. cryaerophila and have previously been shown to be related by DNA hybridization at the species level to the group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter type strain (D2686). Group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter were the atypical Campylobacter species most frequently isolated from Thai children with diarrhea.
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PMID:Isolation of group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter species from Thai children with diarrhea. 201 54

A case of cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium (M.) kansasii is reported. A 41-year-old man, who had lived in Kawasaki city, was seen in April 1988 because of sores on the dorsum of left forefinger which had been present for one month. Physical examination revealed an erythematous, edematous plaque approximately 2 and 4 cm overlying proximal and middle phalanx of left index finger. Otherwise his physical findings were normal. Laboratory studies including X-ray examinations of the chest and left hand were normal. The histopathology revealed a mixed cellular infiltration consists of mononuclear cells and neutrophils with necrosis in the dermis. No granuloma formation was observed. In the deep dermis, some acid fast bacilli (AFB) were demonstrated. The culture for AFB was positive with the following characteristics: Acidfastness (+), Niacin (-), Photochromogenecity (+), Growth at 37 degrees C (+), at 42 degrees C (+), at 45 degrees C (-), Nitrate reduction (+), Catalase (+). These tests were diagnostic of Group I photochromogen, M. kansasii. We reviewed 19 cases of cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis due to M. kansasii in the world literature including our case and found that there were three types of the disease: (1) Cutaneous chronic granulomatous type, (2) Disseminated acute pyogenic type and (3) Cutaneous pyogenic type.
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PMID:[Cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium kansasii--a case report and a review of the literature]. 221 38

Anaerobically grown Escherichia coli accumulate active manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) upon exposure to diamide. This induction requires de novo biosynthesis of MnSOD. Catalase, glutathione disulfide reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also induced by diamide in anaerobic E. coli. A GSH-negative strain of E. coli did not produce MnSOD under anaerobic conditions and was as responsive to diamide as was the wild type strain. Diamide which had been prereduced, by incubation with GSH, was ineffective. NO3- plus paraquat, which elicits increased anaerobic biosynthesis of the MnSOD polypeptide, but not of active MnSOD, synergized with diamide in the induction of active MnSOD. A similar increase in the ability of diamide to cause anaerobic biosynthesis of active MnSOD was seen when the production of the MnSOD polypeptide was increased by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, in a strain bearing the MnSOD gene under the control of the tac promoter. These results are explained in terms of a dual action of diamide, i.e. at both the transcriptional and the maturational levels of biosynthesis of MnSOD. Oxidative inactivation of an Fe(II)-containing repressor and oxidative facilitation of insertion of manganese, in place of iron, into the nascent MnSOD polypeptide, are the postulated bases of this dual action.
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PMID:Anaerobic biosynthesis of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli. Effects of diazenedicarboxylic acid bis(N,N'-dimethylamide) (diamide). 225 40

The deleterious effects of lead on the developing central nervous system were observed in chick embryos that were exposed to lead nitrate at 10 days of incubation. At 16 days, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spinal cord were fixed in gluteraldehyde and processed for electron microscopy, either directly or following incubation in media containing 3,3-diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide for the histochemical detection of catalase-reactive peroxisomes. The results indicate that peroxisomes are not destroyed as are other components of the neuropil after lead exposure. Catalase-reactive peroxisomes appear to increase in number in the spinal cords of lead-treated embryos suggesting that these organelles may play a part in the response of glial cells to metabolic alterations induced by lead. Further experimentation using the chick embryo as an animal model for studies of lead-induced neuropathy is encouraged.
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PMID:The effects of lead nitrate on the central nervous system of the chick embryo. II. Electron microscopy and histochemistry: peroxisomes. 367 33

The influence of nitric oxide on human sperm hyperactivation and capacitation, as well as its mechanism of action and its possible origin from spermatozoa were studied. Percoll-washed spermatozoa from healthy volunteers were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented or not with the nitric oxide-releasing agents, diethylamine-NONOate or spermine-NONOate, in combination or not with superoxide dismutase or catalase (scavengers for the superoxide anion and for hydrogen peroxide, respectively), or with sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, or preincubated NONOates. Sperm hyperactivation, capacitation, and nitric oxide synthase activity were determined. High concentrations (0.3 to 1 mM) of NONOates reduced sperm motility. However, a lower concentration (0.1 mM) of the two NONOates had no effect on the percentage of sperm motility or of hyperactivation but resulted in a significant increase in sperm capacitation (24% +/- 4%) when compared to that of control spermatozoa (Ham's F-10 alone, 12% +/- 2%). Nitric oxide released by the NONOates appeared responsible for this effect because sodium nitrate or nitrite or preincubated NONOates (to exhaust the formation of nitric oxide) had no influence on sperm capacitation. Catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, abolished the capacitating action of the NONOates. No nitric oxide synthase activity was detected in spermatozoa, whether they were in their basal state or already capacitated. Furthermore, the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor L-NG nitroarginine methyl ester did not block sperm capacitation induced by fetal cord serum ultrafiltrate. It is therefore concluded that, although spermatozoa do not possess detectable nitric oxide synthase activity, low levels of nitric oxide induce human sperm capacitation, and this action likely involves hydrogen peroxide.
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PMID:Low levels of nitric oxide promote human sperm capacitation in vitro. 857 82

Our objective is to clarify the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the atrophying tail of anuran tadpoles (tail apoptosis). Changes in catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase activity, genomic DNA, and nitric oxide (NO) generation were investigated biochemically using Rana japonica tadpole tails undergoing regression during thyroid hormone enhancement. DNA fragmentation and ladder formation with concomitant shortening of tadpole tail were induced by DL-thyroxine (T4) in culture medium. Catalase activity was also decreased by T4 treatment. T4 was also found to increase NO synthase (NOS) activity in cultured tadpole tail with concomitant increase in the concentration of NO2- plus NO3- (NOx) in the culture medium. Additional treatment with N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), a potent inhibitor of NOS, suppressed the enhancing effects of T4 on tail shortening and catalase activity reduction. It was also found that treatment with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), a NO generating drug, alone also had an enhancing effect on tail shortening and catalase activity reduction similar to that seen with T4. Both NO and an NO donor (ISDN) strongly suppressed catalase activity. Kinetic analysis revealed that catalase activity decreased and caspase-3-like activity increased during normal tadpole tail atrophy (apoptosis). These results suggested that T4 enhances NO generation, thereby strongly inhibiting catalase activity, resulting in an increase in hydrogen peroxide, and that the oxidative stress elicited by excess hydrogen peroxide might activate cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-3 (caspase-3-like protease), which is thought to cause DNA fragmentation, leading to apoptosis.
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PMID:Thyroxine enhancement and the role of reactive oxygen species in tadpole tail apoptosis. 1023 45

The objective of this work was to study the production of catalase and nitrate reductase by staphylococci in order to understand their role in lipid oxidation during sausage manufacturing. Catalase and nitrate reductase were measured in resting cells and supernatants of staphylococci grown in different conditions. All staphylococci (except S. warneri) synthetized nitrate reductase. In static condition, the synthesis was maximal during exponential growth phase, whereas in shaking condition, the synthesis was maximal at the beginning of stationary phase. The production of nitrate reductase was increased in presence of nitrate, this effect was particularly important for the two S. carnosus strains which exhibited the highest activity. For all staphylococci, the production of catalase was maximal at the end of the exponential growth phase. The lowest amount of catalase was produced by S. warneri and the highest by S. carnosus. Only S. xylosus 873 and S. saprophyticus 852 released high amounts of catalase in the supernatant growth. Staphylococci produced higher amounts of catalase in shaking conditions. Addition of nitrate in the growth media favoured the synthesis of catalase, with a pronounced effect for S. carnosus. Nitrate also favoured the release of catalase.
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PMID:Effect of nitrate and incubation conditions on the production of catalase and nitrate reductase by staphylococci. 1057 91

Three strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria were isolated from rice paddy soil microcosms. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed that these novel isolates have identical gene sequences and are members of the division 'Verrucomicrobia'. The novel strains are phenotypically and phylogenetically distinct from species described previously. One strain, PB90-1T, was characterized in more detail. The cells are cocci and are motile by means of a flagellum. Catalase and oxidase activities are absent. Growth-supporting substrates include mono-, di- and polysaccharides, while alcohols, amino acids and organic acids do not support growth. Propionate and acetate are the major end-products of fermentation. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, but other external electron acceptors are not utilized. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 74 mol%. This strain represents a taxon that has not yet been formally recognized, for which the name Opitutus terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PB90-1T (= DSM 11246T).
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PMID:Opitutus terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate novel strains of the division 'Verrucomicrobia' isolated from rice paddy soil. 1176 Sep 35


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