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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of this study of the effect of temperature on the respiratory mechanism of five stenothermophilic bacteria may be summarized as follows:- 1. The respiratory mechanism and its various components of the stenothermophilic bacteria were found to function at temperatures below the minimum temperature for growth of these organisms. In every case the rates of the individual reactions involved in the respiratory chain increased exponentially with temperature until the temperature at which inactivation became apparent was reached. 2. The mean activation energies, calculated from the "best" value for the slope of the straight lines resulting from a plot of log rate against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature were: Dehydrogenases: 28,000 to 28,500 calories per gram molecule. Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, glycine, beta-alanine, monosodium glutamate, (asparagine). 19,500 to 20,500 calories per gram molecule. Ethyl alcohol, succinate, pyruvate, lactate, acetate. 19,500 to 20,500 calories per gram molecule. Ethyl alcohol, succinate, pyruvate, lactate, acetate. 15,000 calories per gram molecule. Formate. Cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome b and c (substrate: p-phenylenediamine): 16,800 calories per gram molecule. Cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome c (substrate: hydroquinone): 20,200 calories per gram molecule. Catalase: 4,100 calories per gram molecule. Complete aerobic respiratory system (plus added glucose): 29,500 calories per gram molecule. 3. The identity of the energies of activation of the respiratory system and its enzymic components at temperatures above and below the minimum temperature for growth of the stenothermophilic bacteria was demonstrated. 4. An attempt has been made to indicate a relationship between the nature of the substrate and the activation energy by grouping substrates on the basis of common micro values obtained for their dehydrogenation by resting cell preparations of stenothermophilic bacteria. The dehydrogenation reactions have been found to be the rate-controlling reactions in the aerobic respiratory system of these bacteria.
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PMID:Temperature activation of certain respiratory enzymes of stenothermophilic bacteria. 1810 98

A novel bifunctional catalase with an additional phenol oxidase activity was isolated from a thermophilic fungus, Scytalidium thermophilum. This extracellular enzyme was purified ca. 10-fold with 46% yield and was biochemically characterized. The enzyme contains heme and has a molecular weight of 320 kDa with four 80 kDa subunits and an isoelectric point of 5.0. Catalase and phenol oxidase activities were most stable at pH 7.0. The activation energies of catalase and phenol oxidase activities of the enzyme were found to be 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 10.1 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The pure enzyme can oxidize o-diphenols such as catechol, caffeic acid, and L-DOPA in the absence of hydrogen peroxide and the highest oxidase activity is observed against catechol. No activity is detected against tyrosine and common laccase substrates such as ABTS and syringaldazine with the exception of weak activity with p-hydroquinone. Common catechol oxidase inhibitors, salicylhydroxamic acid and p-coumaric acid, inhibit the oxidase activity. Catechol oxidation activity was also detected in three other catalases tested, from Aspergillus niger, human erythrocyte, and bovine liver, suggesting that this dual catalase-phenol oxidase activity may be a common feature of catalases.
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PMID:Purification, characterization, and identification of a novel bifunctional catalase-phenol oxidase from Scytalidium thermophilum. 1836 15

The tri-enzyme system pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O), laccase, and catalase was used to study major parameters in the homogeneous and heterogeneous application of a multi-component enzymatic machinery. P2O oxidizes aldoses to 2-ketosugars, which are interesting intermediates in carbohydrate chemistry, and concomitantly reduces oxygen or alternative electron acceptors. The enzyme was immobilized on eleven agarose or acrylic resins using various coupling methods. The binding capacity was determined and an acrylic carrier with the most suitable properties selected for detailed studies. As P2O shows higher turnover numbers with the electron acceptor 1,4-benzoquinone than with oxygen, the use of this alternative electron acceptor was enabled by employing laccase for the continuous reoxidation of hydroquinone. The laccase regeneration system was found to increase the specific productivity up to 3-fold. Catalase was used to disproportionate the formed hydrogen peroxide in close proximity to the oxygen consuming enzymes and applied in different amounts to adjust the hydrogen peroxide concentration, which was found to be the main reason for enzyme deactivation under turnover conditions. In contrast to homogeneous catalysis, the specific productivity of heterogeneous catalysts under the applied experimental conditions was limited primarily by oxygen transfer, an effect significantly reduced by the laccase regeneration system.
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PMID:Comparing soluble and co-immobilized catalysts for 2-ketoaldose production by pyranose 2-oxidase and auxiliary enzymes. 1849 82

The effect of in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to micromolar concentrations of hydroquinone and copper simultaneously on oxidative status-related biochemical parameters was studied. Hydroquinone is a component of cigarette smoke and serum copper level is increased in smokers. Copper forms a complex with hydroquinone and enhances its auto-oxidation to benzoquinone which covalently binds to sulfhydryl group containing compounds like reduced glutathione. In this study, copper increased H(2)O(2) production by hydroquinone. Hydroquinone either alone or in the presence of copper produced a decrease of reduced glutathione level without altering methemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation. Catalase inhibition by sodium azide depleted reduced glutathione level further. Copper-hydroquinone complex mediated glutathione depletion in the catalase containing RBC was not decreased by antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene. From the known facts and above findings, it is suggested that depletion of reduced glutathione by hydroquinone in the presence of copper in catalase active RBC may be due to the formation of 1, 4 benzoquinone adduct of reduced glutathione and to some extent due to binding of copper to the thiol group of reduced glutathione rather than conversion to oxidized glutathione via reactive oxygen species. Depletion of reduced glutathione by N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment followed by copper-hydroquinone treatment had no effect on methemoglobin level or lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, copper-hydroquinone complex did not increase erythrocyte susceptibility to oxidative stress. This suggests hydroquinone in the presence of copper does not contribute to erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation seen in smokers. Criteria for ideal antioxidant supplementation in smokers were suggested.
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PMID:Effect of copper-hydroquinone complex on oxidative stress-related parameters in human erythrocytes (in vitro). 1977 51


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