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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
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During a survey conducted in Colombia a new isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis that showed toxicity toward Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi larvae was isolated. Parasporal crystals were spherical in shape and showed a great degree of similarity with those produced by the reference strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Supernatant fraction of the whole culture was not toxic, and heat-stable exotoxin production was negative. Catalase, urease, arginine dihydrolase, amylase, lecithinase, acetyl-methyl-carbinol, and gelatinase production were positive. Hemolysis on sheep blood agar was alpha-type. The isolate 163-131 showed natural resistance to azolocillin and was sensible to cephoperazone, cephalotin, nalidixic acid, and trimetoprin sulfametoxazole. Flagellar agglutination showed a specific H 30 antigen which allows individualization of this strain as a new serotype and the subspecies name of medellin is proposed.
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PMID:A new serotype of Bacillus thuringiensis from Colombia toxic to mosquito larvae. 134 10

The MICRO-ID LISTERIA system, designed to identify Listeria isolates to species level within 24 h, was compared with conventional biochemical identification. MICRO-ID LISTERIA used in combination with the CAMP test correctly identified 409 (98.8%) of 414 strains isolated from human, animal, food, and environmental sources belonging to the seven species currently defined within the genus Listeria. The kit was easy to use and simple to interpret. However, 8 of the 15 tests (i.e., phenylalanine deaminase, hydrogen sulfide, indole, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate, urease, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) were considered superfluous for the differentiation of Listeria spp. The CAMP test was indispensable when using the MICRO-ID LISTERIA system, in particular to differentiate CAMP test-positive L. monocytogenes from the nonhemolytic, rhamnose-positive L. innocua. The hemolytic L. seeligeri and L. ivanovii strains and the nonhemolytic, non-rhamnose-acidifying L. welshimeri strains could also be differentiated from one another only on the basis of their CAMP test results. The very few strains of L. grayi and L. murrayi were easily differentiated from the other nonhemolytic species. Catalase-negative cocci should not be tested, because 12 out of 19 catalase-negative strains (all enterococci) in our test were misidentified as Listeria spp. The MICRO-ID LISTERIA system identified strains within 18 to 24 h and is thus less time-consuming than conventional tests. The system could, therefore, be used together with correctly done CAMP tests for the rapid identification of Listeria isolates, especially food and environmental isolates, for which rapid species differentiation is important.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Organon-Teknika MICRO-ID LISTERIA system. 162 80

Helicobacter pylori exhibits a complex system of enzymes which serve a range of functions, such as colonization, damage of the host epithelium and provision of essential metabolic substrates. Colonization is favoured by urease and by the action on mucus and the mucosal barrier exerted by phospholipases and proteases, although this latter mechanism is controversial. Toxic effects are effected by urease, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes. ADH produces acetaldehyde that is toxic to the mucosal cells, while phospholipases induce generation of products such as lysolecithin, which damage the gastric epithelium. Catalase and sodium dismutase of H. pylori are mainly involved in transforming toxic oxygen metabolites to harmless water; they protect the bacterium from the killing effect of neutrophils. Metabolic enzymes (for example, phosphatases, ATPases) are essential for the generation of energy, for synthesis and transport of cell products and for ion fluxes. In addition, they influence cell growth and the expression of virulence factors.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori enzymes. 873 Feb 61

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed with two strains (OCh 317T and OCh 318; T = type strain) of aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from water of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. Both strains were Gram-negative, short rods and were motile by means of polar flagella. Catalase, oxidase, nitrate reductase, phosphatase and urease were produced. The cells utilized D-glucose, citrate, glycolate, pyruvate and ethanol. Acids were produced from L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-ribose and D-xylose. The strains could grow in media containing 0.5-7.5% NaCl. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain OCh 317T represented a new lineage in the alpha-3 group of the class Proteobacteria. Strains OCh 317T and OCh 318 were identified as strains of the same species because of their very similar phenotypic characteristics and their previously described high DNA-DNA homology. Therefore, it was concluded that the two strains should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which the name Rubrimonas cliftonensis is proposed. The type strain is OCh 317T (= JCM 10189T).
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PMID:Rubrimonas cliftonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium isolated from a saline lake. 1002 64

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed with two strains (OCh 239T and OCh 210T, T = type strain) of aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from the charophytes and the epiphytes on the stromatolites, respectively, of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. Both strains were chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative and motile rods with subpolar flagella. Catalase and oxidase were produced. ONPG reaction was positive. Cells utilized D-glucose, acetate, butyrate, citrate, DL-lactate, DL-malate, pyruvate, succinate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate. Acids were produced from D-fructose and D-glucose. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Strain OCh 239T had nitrate reductase and phosphatase. Acids were produced from L-arabinose, D-galactose, lactose, maltose, D-ribose and sucrose. The strain could grow in 0-20.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain OCh 210T had urease. Hydrolysis of gelatin was positive. Acids were produced from D-xylose. The strain could grow in 0.5-20.0% (w/v) NaCl. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons revealed that strains OCh 239T and OCh 210T formed a new cluster within the alpha-3 group of the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria. The similarity value of the 16S rRNA sequences between strains OCh 239T and OCh 210T was 95.8%. Therefore, it was concluded that these two strains should be placed in a new genus, Roseivivax gen. nov., as the new species Roseivivax halodurans sp. nov. and Roseivivax halotolerans sp. nov. The type species of the genus is Roseivivax halodurans. The type strains of Roseivivax halodurans and Roseivivax halotolerans are OCh 239T (= JCM 10272T) and OCh 210T (= JCM 10271T), respectively.
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PMID:Roseivivax halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Roseivivax halotolerans sp. nov., aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from a saline lake. 1031 85

A strain, No. 90-1, is isolated from the oral cavity of a patient with periodontophthy. This strain is a Gram-positive, non-endospore-forming, facultative anaerobe with spherical cells, 0.9-1.5 microns in diameter, occuring in pairs and seldom in short chains of four cells, and motile by one flagellum per cell. The optimum growing temperature is 35-37 degrees C; appreciable growth is not found below 10 degrees C, but growth at 53 degrees and tolerance to 60 degrees C for 30 min. This strain is microhalophilous and grows best, well and poorly in the medium containing 2%, 10%-15% and 25% NaCl respectively. Catalase and urease are positive and nitrate is reduced. Acid is produced from many carbohydrates, but no gas. Gelatin can be hydrolyzed, but starch, cellulose and dextrin do not. G + C content in DNA is 41.34 mol%(Tm). The strain(90-1) is considered to be a new species belonging to a new genus because its some characteristics are different from those of the known coccus genuera and designated as Stomatostreptococcus microhalophilus Ping, Zhou, Sun et Fan gen. nov. sp. nov. according to its source and microhalophilic trait.
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PMID:[A new genus of oral bacteria in human]. 1254 77

Two xylan-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from a decayed Ulmus nigra tree in Spain. The isolates were Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic and formed substrate mycelium which fragmented into irregular rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates form a separate branch within the genus Agromyces phylogenetic cluster, with Agromyces mediolanus DSM 20152(T) being their closest relative (97.7 and 97.6 % sequence similarity). Catalase, nitrate reduction and urease tests differentiated these strains from A. mediolanus. Cell-wall peptidoglycan composition, major menaquinone, predominant fatty acids and phospholipid pattern were typical of the genus Agromyces. The DNA G+C content determined for the type strain XIL01(T) was 72 mol%. Based on the data presented, a novel species Agromyces ulmi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XIL01(T) (=LMG 21954(T)=DSM 15747(T)).
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PMID:Agromyces ulmi sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from Ulmus nigra in Spain. 1554 22

Two sporulating bacterial strains designated CECAP06(T) and CECAP16 were isolated from the rhizosphere of the legume Cicer arietinum in Argentina. Almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the isolates as a Paenibacillus species. It was most closely related to Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18439(T) (99.6 % sequence similarity), Paenibacillus favisporus LMG 20987(T) (99.4 % sequence similarity) and Paenibacillus azoreducens DSM 13822(T) (97.7 % sequence similarity). The cells of this novel species were motile, sporulating, rod-shaped, Gram-positive and strictly aerobic. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). The DNA G+C content of strains CECAP06(T) and CECAP16 was 51.3 and 50.9 mol%, respectively. Growth was observed from many carbohydrates, but gas production was not observed from glucose. Catalase and oxidase activities were present. The isolates produced beta-galactosidase and hydrolysed aesculin. Gelatinase, caseinase and urease were not produced. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the strains from this study constitute a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CECAP06(T) (=LMG 21955(T) = CECT 5831(T)).
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PMID:Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum. 1587 72

Effects of petroleum contamination on bacterial diversities and enzymatic activities in paddy soils were investigated in the Shenfu irrigation area, the largest area irrigated by oil-containing wastewater for more than 50 yr in northeastern China. Bacterial diversities were determined by conventional colony morphology typing techniques and 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Dehydrogenase, hydrogen peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) were measured to evaluate the effects of petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation on soil biochemical characteristics. Results showed that paddy soil total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in the irrigation area varied from 277.11 to 5213.37 mg kg(-1) dry soil. Soil TPH concentration declined along the gradient of the irrigation channel from up- to downstream. At the current pollution level, the paddy soil TPH concentration was positively correlated with the colony forming units (CFU) of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) (r = 0.928, p < 0.001) and the genetic diversity based on DGGE profiles (r = 0.655, p < 0.05). The bacterial diversities in the soils based on colony morphotypes of AHB also increased with TPH concentration (r = 0.598), but not significant statistically (p = 0.052). Analysis of soil enzyme activities indicated a significant positive correlation between soil TPH concentration and activities of dehydrogenases (r = 0.974, p < 0.001), hydrogen peroxidases (r = 0.957, p < 0.001), polyphenol oxidases (r = 0.886, p < 0.001), and SIR (r = 0.916, p < 0.001). On the contrary, the urease activity showed a negative correlation with paddy soil TPH concentration (r = -0.814, p = 0.002), and could be used as a sensitive indicator of petroleum contamination.
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PMID:Effect of petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation on bacterial diversities and enzymatic activities in a paddy soil irrigation area. 1588 93

A novel aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium, strain OCh 323T, was isolated from sand at Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, located on the west coast of Australia. The cells were Gram-negative, non-motile rods of variable length; one or both cell poles was narrower. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Catalase, oxidase and urease were produced. The ONPG reaction was positive. The major component of the cellular fatty acid was octadecenoic acid (18:1). The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain OCh 323T formed a novel, separate line of descent within the alpha-3 group of the Alphaproteobacteria. The similarity value for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain OCh 323T and that of the most closely related species, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, was 91.4%. It is concluded that strain OCh 323T (=JCM 11220T=CIP 107377T) should be placed in a novel genus, Roseibacterium gen. nov., as the type strain of a novel species Roseibacterium elongatum sp. nov.
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PMID:Roseibacterium elongatum gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium isolated from the west coast of Australia. 1644 50


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