Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that has been shown to inhibit apoptotic or necrotic neuronal death induced by hydrogen peroxide. We report the purification of a contaminating antiapoptotic activity from a commercial bovine liver catalase preparation by following its ability to inhibit apoptosis when applied extracellularly in multiple death paradigms. The antiapoptotic activity was identified by protein microsequencing as arginase, a urea cycle and nitric oxide synthase-regulating enzyme, and confirmed by demonstrating the presence of antiapoptotic activity in a >97% pure preparation of recombinant arginase. The pluripotency of recombinant arginase was demonstrated by its ability to inhibit apoptosis in multiple paradigms including rat cortical neurons induced to die by glutathione depletion and oxidative stress, by 100 nM staurosporine treatment, or by Sindbis virus infection. The protective effects of arginase in these apoptotic paradigms, in contrast to previous studies on excitotoxic neuronal necrosis, are independent of nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Rather, arginase-induced depletion of arginine leads to inhibition of protein synthesis, resulting in cell survival. Because inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and of protein synthesis have been shown to decrease necrotic and apoptotic death, respectively, in animal models of stroke and spinal cord injury, arginine-depleting enzymes, capable of simultaneously inhibiting protein synthesis and nitric oxide generation, may be propitious therapeutic agents for acute neurological diseases. Furthermore, our results suggest caution in attributing the cytoprotective effects of some catalase preparations to catalase.
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PMID:Purification of a multipotent antideath activity from bovine liver and its identification as arginase: nitric oxide-independent inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. 959 89

A homeostatic balance exists between the cellular generation of oxidant species and endogenous antioxidants under normal physiological conditions. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is known to affect this balance causing oxidative stress. However, the interaction of HIV infection with a substance abuse on cellular oxidant/antioxidant system is sparse. This study was designed in order to investigate the interactive effect of morphine abuse and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/ Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV/SHIV) infection on plasma oxidant/antioxidant balance in rhesus macaques. Six rhesus macaques adapted to morphine dependence (20 weeks) along with three controls were infected with mixture of SHIV(KU-1B), SHIV(89.6P), and SIV(17E-Fr). Plasma samples from morphine-dependent and control macaques were analyzed for an array of oxidative stress indices after 16 weeks of infection. Morphine-dependence significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane levels (8-fold and 2-fold), but these animals showed higher MDA and 8-isoprostane levels after viral infection (18-fold and 4-fold) which was directly correlated with increase in viral load and decline in CD4+ cells. Plasma glutathione (GSH) level depleted (55%) with morphine dependence that was further depleted (25%) by the infection. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased by 30% and 110%, respectively with morphine dependence, but that was decreased by the infection. Catalase (CAT) activity declined (25%) with morphine dependence that was further declined by infection. Our results clearly suggest that morphine interaction with SIV/SHIV infection causes higher oxidative tissue injury that might have implication in the pathogenesis of AIDS in morphine-dependent macaques.
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PMID:Interaction of SIV/SHIV infection and morphine on plasma oxidant/antioxidant balance in macaque. 1793

Suppression Subtractive Hybridization was employed in order to identify the differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of white spot syndrome virus infected Fenneropenaeus indicus. A forward subtracted cDNA library generated 356 clones following a white spot syndrome virus infection. A total of 345 clones with more than 100 nucleotides were selected for further analysis using bioinformatics tools after vector screening. Twenty-three contigs and 111 singletons were generated from a total of 134 consensuses. The consensuses, on a sequence homology search using BLASTX (NCBI), revealed that 74 (55%) of them had no significant match to reported sequences in the database, suggesting that they were found for the first time and are probably associated with shrimp immune function. Out of the remaining 60 (45%) consensuses, 43 had significant homology to known protein sequences in the database while 17 consensuses are homologous to unknown proteins in the database which are considered novel. The most abundant genes in the subtracted library were antimicrobial peptides accounting for 56 clones; among which one is a member of SNF2 family of proteins and another belonged to PfP1 family of proteins on analysis using Antimicrobial peptide predictor software. The other predicted genes in the subtracted library include signal transduction molecules (GTPase, Serine threonine kinase, Armadillo repeats etc), antioxidant enzymes (Cytochrome oxidase, Monomeric sarcosine oxidase and Catalase), active transporters (Nuclear Localization Signal [NLS], calcium ATPase, sodium glutamate symporter, Store-Operated Calcium Entry [SOCE] and ribonucleoprotein [RNP]) contributing to 19, 14 and 5 clones respectively. Three clones are homologous to reverse transcriptase; a first time report in shrimp and one each belong to cell adhesion molecule and Proteinase. InterProScan at EMBL, when used for an integrated search at PROSITE predicted; signal sequences and transmembrane regions for 13 clones. This is the first report on the differential gene expression in WSSV-infected F. indicus. The high expression of immune related genes in response to virus infection in shrimp will provide a new insight into the crustacean innate immunity. Further work on the functionality of the unknown genes in shrimps will give an overview on the role of the differentially expressed genes during viral infection and increase our understanding for developing antiviral measures by making use of the shrimp defense mechanism.
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PMID:Differential gene expression profile of the hepatopancreas of white spot syndrome virus infected Fenneropenaeus indicus by suppression subtractive hybridization. 2068 72

Yellow vein mosaic disease of mesta, a compatible plant virus interaction poses a serious threat to mesta cultivation in India. Plants respond to invasion by pathogens with multi component defense responses particularly in incompatible interaction. With the aim of understanding, a biochemical approach was attempted to study the cellular redox status in early stages of yellow vein mosaic virus infection associated with different age's plant of Hibiscus cannabinus. Comparative analysis of GSH and GSSG content in infected and control plant of different ages indicated that infected plants are under oxidative or nitrosative stress condition. A significant change was observed in Glutathione Reductase, Catalase and Ascorbate Peroxidase level in early stage of infection. We also showed microscopic evidence of nitrosylated thiols in infected leaves, stems and roots of H. cannabinus. Furthermore, we identified few defense related proteins in infected plant using MALDI TOF mass spectrometric analysis.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of compatible plant-viral interaction: a case study with a begomovirus-kenaf host-pathosystem. 2141 47