Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P04040 (Catalase)
 3,577 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and we investigated the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, in diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with tempol from 2 weeks until 8 weeks. The expression of NADPH oxidase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase activity, and production of peroxide and hypochlorite were evaluated. Tempol treatment prevented the increase in NADPH oxidase and peroxide production in the glomeruli of diabetic rat. Catalase was decreased without change in SOD activity, and MPO was enhanced in the kidney of diabetic rats. Tempol treatment stimulated SOD activity and increased the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide on its hand was converted to hypochlorite by the increased MPO. The reduction of peroxide by tempol was followed by the decrease in TGF-beta and mesangial matrix expansion. However, tempol did not reduce hypochlorite or urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, tempol inhibited glomerular matrix expansion via suppression of peroxide production and TGF-beta, but it failed to reduce proteinuria, probably due to the increased hypochlorite production in diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Double-edged action of SOD mimetic in diabetic nephropathy. 1726 58

Catalase is a central antioxidant enzyme constituting the primary defense against oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether the functional -262C/T polymorphism in the promoter of catalase gene is associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 520 Caucasian-Brazilians with type 2 diabetes. The -262C/T polymorphism was also examined in 100 Caucasian blood donors. Patients underwent a clinical and laboratory evaluation consisting of a questionnaire, physical examination, assessment of diabetic complications and laboratory tests. Genotype analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction enzyme. The genotype and allele frequencies of the -262C/T polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes were very similar to those of blood donors (T allele frequency=0.20 and 0.18, respectively). Likewise, there were no differences in either genotype or allele frequencies between type 2 diabetic patients with or without DR, DN or IHD. Thus, our results do not support the hypothesis that the -262C/T polymorphism is related to the development of DR, DN or IHD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of catalase gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
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PMID:The catalase -262C/T promoter polymorphism and diabetic complications in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. 1726 7

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress in diabetes. Catalase is a highly conserved heme-containing protein that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen and is an important factor decreasing cellular injury owing to oxidative stress. Hyperglycemic conditions increase oxidative stress and angiotensinogen gene expression. Angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin II leads to a furtherance in oxidative stress through increased generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we utilized mice transgenically overexpressing rat catalase in a kidney-specific manner to determine the impact on ROS, angiotensinogen and apoptotic gene expression in proximal tubule cells of diabetic animals. Proximal tubules isolated from wild-type and transgenic animals without or with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were incubated in low glucose media in the absence or presence of angiotensin II or in a high-glucose media. Our results show that the overexpression of catalase prevents the stimulation of ROS and angiotensinogen mRNA in tubules owing to elevated glucose or angiotensin II in vitro. Additionally, overexpression of catalase attenuated ROS generation, angiotensinogen and proapoptotic gene expression and apoptosis in the kidneys of diabetic mice in vivo. Our studies point to an important role of ROS in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Catalase overexpression attenuates angiotensinogen expression and apoptosis in diabetic mice. 1755 51