Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acidic isoferritins have been identified as leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA), which suppresses colony and cluster formation of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophages from normal donors but not from patients with leukemia. LIA was detected in all ferritin preparations tested, including ferritin isolated from normal heart, spleen, liver, and placental tissues, and from the spleens of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Purified preparations of LIA were composed almost entirely of acidic isoferritins, as determined by immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, and isoelectric focusing. The inhibitory activity in the LIA and ferritin samples was inactivated by a battery of antisera specific for ferritin, including those prepared against acidic isoferritins from normal heart and spleen tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease, and those previously absorbed with basic isoferritins. Antisera absorbed with acidic isoferritins did not inactivate the inhibitory activity. Separation of LIA and chronic myelogenous leukemia and normal spleen ferritin by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing confirmed that the regions of peak inhibitory activity corresponded in each to an apparent molecular weight of approximately 550,000 and to a pI value of 4.7. Similar physicochemical characteristics included inactivation by methods that dissociate ferritin molecules into subunits and by treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and periodate. The purified preparations were extremely stable to heat treatment. The glycoprotein nature of the inhibitory activity was substantiated because it bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and was eluted off by alpha-methyl mannose. Inhibitory activity of the activity of the acidic isoferritins was detected at concentrations as low as 10(-17)-10(-19) M and iron saturation did not appear to be necessary for its action. These results implicate acidic isoferritins in the regulation of normal myelopoiesis and suggest a role for them in the progression of leukemia.
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PMID:Identification of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity as acidic isoferritins. A regulatory role for acidic isoferritins in the production of granulocytes and macrophages. 697 99

The effects of vegetarian fasting were evaluated in 14 grossly obese patients who participated in a program comprising 5 weeks' fasting in a lactovegetarian health center. Before and after the fasting period the patients were hospitalized and put on a standardized weight-maintaining diet; at the health center they consumed vegetable juices containing less than 1 MJ and 3 g of protein per day. The weight reduction (mean +/- S.D.) was 13.4 +/- 5.0 kg (from 132.0 +/- 27.2 to 118.6 +/- 16.1 kg). Except for the first few days the patients had no severe hunger sensations. No severe adverse clinical effects were noted. The laboratory status--comprising serum or plasma levels of minerals, protein, and lipids; hematological data; and variables reflecting liver and thyroid function--revealed abnormal group mean values only for ferritin and the acute-phase reactants haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and anti-chymotrypsin in the obese. The levels of potassium, retinol-binding protein, and haptoglobin decreased, and aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations increased as a result of the fasting. The most striking effect of the weight reduction was an increase in the HDL cholesterol levels. Fasting according to the described regimen thus seems to provide a safe method for treatment of obese patients.
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PMID:Vegetarian fasting of obese patients: a clinical and biochemical evaluation. 713 69

The iron responsive element binding protein (IRE-BP) regulates iron storage and uptake in response to iron. This control results from the interaction of the IRE-BP with the iron responsive element (IRE), a conserved sequence/structure element located near the 5' end of all ferritin mRNAs and in the 3' UTR of transferrin receptor mRNAs. Proteolysis was used to probe for functional elements of the IRE-BP. Partial chymotrypsin digestion generates a simple digestion pattern yielding fragments of 68, 56, 41, and 30 kDa. The 68 and 30 kDa fragments are derived from a single cleavage at Trp623. Further cleavages of the 68 kDa polypeptide yield the 56 and 41 kDa peptides. A combination of UV-crosslinking and chymotrypsin digestion was used to localize an RNA binding element within the C-terminus of the 68 kDa fragment, between amino acid residues 480 and 623. This region includes cysteine residues 503 and 506 which have been shown to be required for iron-sulfur cluster assembly and for iron regulation of the IRE-BP. Proteolytic fragments of the IRE-BP that contain this RNA binding region can be crosslinked to the IRE but do not bind with high affinity, suggesting that elements within the IRE-BP, in addition to those located between residues 480 and 623, are required for high affinity binding to the IRE.
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PMID:Localization of an RNA binding element of the iron responsive element binding protein within a proteolytic fragment containing iron coordination ligands. 751 18

The brain is the most compartmentalized organ. It is also highly aerobic. Because nerve cells grow but do not regenerate, the brain is the organ best suited for the accumulation of metabolic errors colocalized in specific areas of the brain over an extended period. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily a neurological disorder of the elderly. It is suggested that this disorder results from the accumulation of such errors, and that AD onset aluminum and iron contribute to but do not necessarily initiate the onset of the disease. In vitro and in vivo evidence summarized here suggests that this is effected by interfering in the utilization of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, and sequestration of iron by ferritin. beta-amyloid precusor proteins (beta-APPs) are normal components of the human brain and some other tissues. Proteolysis of these, presumably by serine proteases, generates a 39 to 42 amino acid long peptide, the alpha-amyloid (beta-AP). In AD brains, beta-AP aggregates into plaque, the hallmark of AD brains. Some of the alpha-APPs also contain a 56 amino acid long segment which inhibits serine proteases. We show that in vitro, at pH 6.5, aluminum activates beta-chymotrypsin 2-fold and makes it dramatically resistant to protease inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bPTI) or its mimic present in the beta-amyloid precursor proteins (beta-APPs). Iron and oxygen are reported to favor cross-linking of beta-AP in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Iron and aluminum homeostasis in neural disorders. 784 99

In this study we systematically investigated the cellular distribution, immunohistochemical phenotype, and mucosal disposal function of macrophages in the lamina propria of the human gastrointestinal mucosa (lamina propria macrophages; LPMs). In all tissues examined, most of these LPMs accumulated beneath the epithelial layer that covered the apex of the lamina propria of the mucosa. These cells expressed normal levels of common macrophage markers such as CD68, LN5, lysozyme, ferritin, and alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin. In addition, they expressed high levels of 25F9 (a market for a certain subpopulation of macrophages), MHC Class II molecules, and CD74 (MHC Class II-associated invariant chain). Interestingly, LPMs possessed some epithelial cell-associated antigens such as cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Ber-Ep4 in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, these antigens were associated with cellular debris ingested by LPMs, which were recognized as apoptotic fragments by in situ end-labeling. Furthermore, double positive-labeled granules were seen in LPMs by double staining for epithelial cell-associated antigens and in situ end-labeling. These observations suggest that one of the major functions of LPMs is the disposal of apoptotic epithelial cells and that LPMs may be involved in the regulation of mucosal epithelial renewal.
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PMID:Lamina propria macrophages in the human gastrointestinal mucosa: their distribution, immunohistological phenotype, and function. 867 93

An understanding of digestibility in marine fish larvae is required to formulate a diet to replace zooplankton. Using flounder, this study was aimed at determining which digestive enzymes are synthesized in the larval pancreas, and how the proteins are cleaved in the digestive canal. Whole mount in situ hybridization indicated that the mRNA of all digestive enzyme precursors examined, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase A and B, and lipase, was expressed in the pancreas of first feeding larvae at 3 days post-fertilization. In the larvae before differentiation of the stomach, protein digestion in the digestive canal mainly depends on pancreatic proteases. So, to evaluate protein digestibility in the larval digestive canal, the digestion of proteins by pancreatic extract was monitored by gel electrophoresis. It was indicated that thyroglobulin, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase were rapidly cleaved to polypeptide fragments, but ferritin and catalase exerted resistance to proteolysis, suggesting that digestibility in the larval digestive canal differs depending on protein species.
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PMID:mRNA expression of pancreatic enzyme precursors and estimation of protein digestibility in first feeding larvae of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. 1204 72

A novel packing for high performance gel filtration chromatography (GFC) was synthesized and characterized. High porosity silica prepared by base-dissolving method was used as the matrix. gamma-(2,3-Epoxy propoxyl) propyltrimethoxysilane was used as the ligand and covalently bonded onto the silica matrix. After acidic hydrolysis, the epoxy groups were converted to the diol groups. Because a condensation tube filled with water at 70 degrees C was used in the grafting reaction, the resulting methanol could easily be discharged from the reaction system to shift the reaction equilibrium to achieve high ligand density. The hydrolysis condition greatly affects ligand density and column efficiency. The high column efficiency is observed when the ligand density is between 2.6 and 3.5 +/- mol/m2. Several proteins, such as cytochrome C, chymotrypsin, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin, aldolase, ferritin, insulin, gamma-globulin, phosphorylase, actin, carbonic anhydrase, were used to characterize the separation properties of the resulting high performance GFC column. It was shown that the excluded limit of relative molecular mass for the separation of bio-molecules was 300 000. The recovery yield of bovine serum albumin was 99%.
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PMID:[Synthesis and evaluation of high performance gel filtration chromatography packing of KH-s-GFC300]. 1649 90

Hypoxia, as one suboptimal environmental condition, can affect the physiological state of shrimp during pond aquaculture. To better understand the mechanism of response to hypoxic stress in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, proteome research approach was utilized. Differentially expressed proteins of hepatopancreas in adult Chinese shrimp between the control and hypoxia-stressed groups were screened. By 2-DE analysis, 67 spots showed obvious changes after hypoxia. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 51 spots representing 33 proteins were identified including preamylase, arginine kinase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, citrate synthase, ATP synthase alpha subunit, chymotrypsin BI, chitinase, ferritin, C-type lectin receptors, transketolase, formylglutathione hydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase, protein disulfide isomerase, beta-actin, oncoprotein nm23, crustacyanin-C1 and so on. These proteins could be functionally classified into several groups such as proteins related to energy production, metabolism-related proteins, immune-related proteins, antioxidant proteins, chaperones, cytoskeleton proteins and ungrouped proteins. The transcription levels of ten selected genes encode the identified proteins were analyzed by real-time PCR at different sampling times of hypoxia. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of shrimp after hypoxia and provides a new insight for further study in hypoxic stress response of shrimp at the protein level.
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PMID:Comparative proteomic profiles of the hepatopancreas in Fenneropenaeus chinensis response to hypoxic stress. 1957 23

Recently, considerable interest has been focused on immunostimulants to reduce diseases in crab aquaculture. However, information regarding to the related immune-enhancing proteins in crabs is not available yet. In this study, rhubarb polysaccharides were tested for enhancement of the immune activity in crab Scylla paramamosain. Compared with those in the control group, values of, phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and alkaline phosphatasein (ACP) activity in the, experimental group were improved significantly 4 d after the treatment. Furthermore, 15 and 17 altered proteins from haemocytes and hepatopancreas, respectively, were found in rhubarb polysaccharide-treated crabs using 2-DE approach. Of these, hemocyanin, chymotrypsin, cryptocyanin, C-type lectin receptor, and ferritin protein were identified by mass spectrometry. In addition, RT-PCR, analysis showed that the mRNA levels of hemocyanin and chymotrypsin increased about 2.4- and 1.4-fold in the experiment group. Moreover, the hemocyanin gene in S. paramamosain (SpHMC) was, cloned and characterized. SpHMC contains one open reading frame of 2022 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 673 amino acids. It is clustered into one branch along with crab hemocyanin in a phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of SpHMC were detected mainly in the tissues of, hepatopancreas, hemocyte and intestines, and its levels were up-regulated significantly in hemocytes, of S. paramamosain treated with Vibrio parahemolyticus, Beta streptococcus or poly I:C for 6-48 h. Taken together, these studies found 5 related immune-enhancing proteins and a novel heomcyanin homologue with potential pathogen-resistant activities in crab.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of the related immune-enhancing proteins in crab Scylla paramamosain stimulated with rhubarb polysaccharides. 2421 34