Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The accidental finding of raised levels of serum aminotransferase levels may lead to extensive investigations of the liver in apparently healthy people. To identify diagnostic groups and their need for investigations, we have evaluated the results of all investigative procedures carried out in 149 asymptomatic patients with persistently raised serum levels of aminotransferases. Fatty liver was found in 64%. These patients often had a high body weight. A high alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus were also noted. Chronic active or persistent hepatitis was found in 20% of the patients. Six per cent had cirrhosis, 4% had alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and 3.5% had hemochromatosis. Apart from ferritin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and markers for hepatitis B, blood tests were of little value for distinguishing among different diagnostic groups. This was the case also for the imaging procedures, and neither liver scintigraphy nor ultrasonography was a reliable source of diagnostic information. The results of our study indicate that diagnosis in this group of patients cannot be made without liver biopsy.
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PMID:Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities of serum aminotransferases. 395 45

Using an immunoperoxidase technique, a series of 13 extragonadal germ cell tumors were screened for the presence of 7 different antigens: human chorionic gonadotropin, beta-subunit (beta-hCG), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (hPL), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-AT) and ferritin. Syncytial giant cells in embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma were positive for beta-hCG and SP1, while isolated foci of mononuclear cells in the embryonal carcinoma stained for AFP, alpha-AT and ferritin. Yolk sac tumor components showed immunoreactivity for AFP, alpha-AT and ferritin. In seminomas, a positive reaction for ferritin was found only in isolated cells of 2 cases. One seminoma was positive for alpha-AT. Teratomas were negative for all antigens, except for CEA and SP1 in duct-lining cells of sweat glands in one teratoma. Germ cell tumors of extragonadal sites appear to exhibit the same antigenic markers as their gonadal counterparts. Such similarities lend support to the hypothesis of a common cell origin of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Antigenic markers in extragonadal germ cell tumors. 610 Mar 61

The aim of this study was to localize alpha 1-antitrypsin, ferritin, and lysozyme by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and to evaluate the significance of these antigens as markers of histiocytic differentiation in tumors of a supposed dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. The series comprised 31 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) of the pleomorphic, spindle cell, and myxoid types, four cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, and four atypical fibroxanthomas, four dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and two osteoclastomas of bone. For comparison, 15 soft tissue sarcomas of various other types were examined. Of the MFHs of the pleomorphic type, 18 of 22 (82 per cent) were positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin and 12 of 22 (54 per cent) were positively stained for ferritin. Of the five MFHs of the spindle cell type, none was positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin, three were positive for ferritin, and one was positive for lysozyme. None of the myxoid variants (corresponding to grade I-II myxofibrosarcoma) was positively stained for either of the antigens. These results and the observations made on the cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and the various soft tissue sarcomas indicated that 1) alpha 1-antitrypsin is a valuable marker of histiocytic differentiation in both benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 2) ferritin can be visualized in more than half of these fibroblastic-histiocytic tumors, and the presence of ferritin distinguishes the spindle cells of these tumors from fibroblasts of connective tissue and most fibrosarcomas, and 3) lysozyme, although a good marker of histiocytic differentiation in ordinary histiocytes and benign fibrous histiocytomas, is a poor marker of neoplastic histiocytes of malignant tumors. The results further support the concept that MFH is a tumor of a dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of tumors of supposed fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. 628 59

Aortic root abnormalities including cusp thickening, subvalvular stenosis, and mild aortic root dilatation are the most common cardiac complications in patients with long standing ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty-three patients with definite idiopathic AS (New York Criteria 1966) and twenty-two matched controls were studied with M-mode echocardiography. Only one of the AS patients had clinical aortic incompetence. Six of the AS patients had mildly dilated aortic roots (normal less than 3.7 cm) with a mean diameter of 3.9 cm (range 3.8 to 4.00 cm). None of the twenty-two controls matched for age, sex and blood pressure had dilated aortic roots, with a mean diameter of 3.3 cm (range 2.9 to 3.6 cm). No correlation existed between aortic dilatation and severity of disease estimated by acute phase proteins--caerulo plasmin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, ferritin and C Reactive protein. Contrary to a previous report, mild aortic root dilatation occurs in long standing cases of AS. Although it is a non-specific finding, it does not appear to be related to age or blood pressure and may therefore be the forerunner of aortic incompetence.
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PMID:Early detection of aortic dilatation in ankylosing spondylitis using echocardiography. 695 32

A 20-day-old human conceptus was studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of a series of plasma proteins: prealbumin (PA), albumin (ALB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), carcioembryonic antigen (CEA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), ferritin (FER), transferrin (TR), fetal haemoglobin (HbF), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL) and pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). In the embryo only FER and TR were found. The yolk sac was positively stained for several proteins: PA, ALB, AFP, A1AT, IgG, FER, TR and HbF were demonstrated in the endodermal cells and PA, ALB, IgG and TR in the mesothelial cells. The syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi were heavily stained for all the placental proteins. HCG and HPL were additionally demonstrated in the cytotrophoblast. The Hofbauer cells of the chorionic and villous stroma stained positively for A1AT and FER. TR appeared as a characteristic band on the apical surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. The findings indicate that the yolk sac is the principle source of some of the plasma proteins also in the very early conceptus and the assumption that the yolk sac is the functional antecedent of the liver is supported. The distribution of the various placental proteins is in accordance with the present knowledge that the syncytiotrophoblast is the major site of synthesis of these proteins. Finally correlation of functional aspects of embryonic structures and germ cell tumours is recommended.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of a series of plasma proteins in the early human conceptus. 705 Sep 33

Blood concentrations of six acute phase reactants (ESR, neutrophil count, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and ferritin), parameters of muscle necrosis (myoglobin, CK, ALT, and AST) as well as hemopexin, iron, and TIBC were determined before and for 7 consecutive days after muscle biopsy in patients and in a control group. A muscle biopsy was chosen as a standardized surgical procedure that induces a mild transient inflammatory response. After muscle biopsy, a significant increase occurred in five (ESR, neutrophil count, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) of the six acute phase reactants. The concentration of serum ferritin did not show a significant change. A significant decrease was noted in the serum iron concentration and a significant increase occurred with CK and myoglobin secondary to the muscle biopsy. Thus the inflammation of a muscle biopsy produces a significant acute phase reaction.
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PMID:Quantification of acute phase reactants after muscle biopsy. 711 53

The various histologic components of 39 germ cell tumors of the testis were studied with indirect labeled immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of the following tumor-associated antigens: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), specific pregnancy beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (HPL), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin (Fe). Embryonal carcinoma components were positive for AFP in 9/16, for A1AT in 6/16, for CEA in 2/16, and for Fe in 14/16. All yolk-sac tumor components were positive for AFP and Fe, and 8/13 contained A1AT and 2/13 CEA. Epithelium in teratoid components was positive for AFP in 5/14 cases, for A1AT in 8/14, for CEA in 7/14, and for Fe in 8/14. Syncytial trophoblast in choriocarcinoma components and syncytial giant cells were all positive for HCG, SP1 and HPL. In addition, tumor giant cells in two nonseminomatous tumors and in one seminoma contained HCG. Otherwise, all pure seminomas were negative for all antigens, except for Fe, which was positive in 12/16 cases. Demonstration of this functional aspect of germ cell tumors of the testis may clarify problems of classification and elucidate histogenesis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor-associated antigens is of value in the management of the patient as an indicator of which tumor markers should be used for monitoring the treatment. In addition, the presence of tumor-associated antigens may be used in prognostic evaluation.
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PMID:Distribution of tumor-associated antigens in the various histologic components of germ cell tumors of the testis. 719 54

Transferrin binding to human placental sites was inhibited by the acute-phase proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG), whereas haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and ferritin displayed no such effect. In equilibrium saturation binding assays, the effective acute-phase proteins decreased the apparent affinity of the binding sites for transferrin, but the transferrin binding-site density Bmax. was not significantly changed. For instance, the addition of 30 microM alpha 1-AT increased the KD of transferrin from 8.46 +/- 1.51 nM to 21.6 +/- 3.04 nM; the Bmax. values were 1.17 +/- 0.18 pmol/mg of protein and 1.04 +/- 0.25 pmol/mg of protein respectively. In kinetic studies, alpha 1-AT decreased the association rate constant k+1 of the 125I-transferrin-binding-site complex from 2.18(+/- 0.21) x 10(7) M-1.min-1 to 3.99(+/- 0.18) x 10(6) M-1.min-1. In contrast, the dissociation rate constant k-1 was not changed (0.0948 +/- 0.002 min-1, 0.089 +/- 0.0017 min-1). On isoelectric focusing, no alteration in transferrin protein pattern or shift in isoelectric point was detected in the presence of alpha 1-AT. Inhibition of transferrin binding by the acute-phase proteins alpha 1-AT and alpha 2-MG is competitive. Interestingly, inhibition is already present at physiological concentrations. However, full inhibition is only achieved at concentrations above the normal range, which are attained in acute-phase reactions.
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PMID:The hepatic acute-phase proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibit binding of transferrin to its receptor. 767 93

The goal of athletic training is to provide the body with a stimulus to adapt, increasing the capacity of the various systems to perform increased work loads. However, the magnitude of the stress must be large enough to induce the synthesis of new enzymes, tissues, and yet not so large that the biochemical and physiological processes of recovery are depressed. As each individual undergoes this process at a different rate, objective evaluation of the level of fatigue and adaptation is of enormous value in directing the training program of an athlete. The role of iron in the body is such that this element can be used as a marker of both adaptation to training and as an indicator of an acute inflammatory response to exercise. The various clinical measurements of iron in transport, storage, and in hematological parameters are discussed in this paper, relative to athletic populations. In addition expected changes in the level of the acute inflammatory protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin are also discussed relative to acute and chronic training protocols. Data is presented indicating that measurement of serum iron, transferrin, serum ferritin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin can be used to differentiate between an inflammatory response to tissue damage and infection. These parameters can also provide information as to the state of recovery, or lack thereof, experienced by an athlete to both acute and chronic training programs. The use of biochemical markers can help to avoid an overstress situation.
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PMID:Effects of high volume and/or intense exercise on selected blood chemistry parameters. 769 88

Chronic anemia of cancer can be corrected in approximately 50% of the cases by treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Early prediction of responsiveness would avoid the emotional and financial burden of ineffective medical intervention. Eighty patients with chronic anemia of cancer undergoing treatment with rHuEPO (150 U/kg, 3 times per week by subcutaneous injection; after 6 weeks without response, 300 U/kg) participated in this study. Response was defined as a gain of at least 2 g/dL hemoglobin (Hb) within 12 weeks. Multivariate discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis of response were performed on routine blood tests; serum levels of EPO, iron, ferritin, transferrin, and its receptor; World Health Organization (WHO) performance status; various cytokines; neopterin; stem cell factor; C-reactive protein; and alpha 1-antitrypsin. At baseline, none of these factors showed sufficient prognostic power. The following predictive algorithm was developed: (1) If after 2 weeks of therapy both the serum EPO level is > or = 100 mU/mL and Hb concentration has not increased by at least 0.5 g/dL, unresponsiveness of the patient is very likely (predictive power, 93%); otherwise, response may be predicted with an accuracy of 80%. (2) If both the serum level of EPO is less than 100 mU/mL and Hb concentration has increased by > or = 0.5 g/dL, response is highly probable (predictive power, 95%). (3) Alternatively, a serum ferritin level of > or = 400 ng/mL after 2 weeks of rHuEPO therapy strongly indicates unresponsiveness (predictive power, 88%), whereas a level less than 400 ng/mL suggests response in 3 of 4 patients.
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PMID:Prediction of response to erythropoietin treatment in chronic anemia of cancer. 788 86


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