Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two entities of special interest in sleep disorders medicine are restless legs syndrome and periodic movements of sleep. Most patients with restless legs syndrome have periodic movements of sleep, but most patients with the nocturnal disorder do not have restless legs when awake. In both conditions, the underlying cause is obscure, and the frequency of occurrence increases with advancing age. In most patients with restless legs syndrome, the results of complete blood cell counts and iron, ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 levels are normal. No hematologic or chemical abnormalities have been reported in patients with periodic movements of sleep who do not also have restless legs syndrome. Various pharmacologic agents, including benzodiazepines, opiates, and levodopa, have been proposed for the treatment of both disorders. Although some patients respond to a single drug for long periods, in many patients tolerance develops and the efficacy diminishes. In such circumstances, a reasonable approach is to alternate chemically unrelated agents on a weekly or biweekly schedule. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation may be beneficial.
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PMID:Restless legs syndrome and periodic movements of sleep. 219

We examined 19 patients (17 men) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and gastrointestinal symptoms to determine whether those symptoms were due to either a gastrointestinal tract infection or a defect in mucosal absorption because of an enteropathy. The erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 levels were within normal limits in all of the patients. The serum ferritin level was elevated in 12. The xylose absorption test results were abnormal in 8 of the 13 patients able to complete the study. None of the duodenal aspirates yielded a pathogen. Light microscopy revealed nonspecific lymphocytic inflammation without infection in the stomach (in seven patients), the esophagus (in five), the duodenum (in two) and the rectum (in two). However, biopsy specimens were positive for Candida albicans in the esophagus (four patients), cytomegalovirus in the esophagus (one) and the rectum (two), Helicobacter pylori in the antrum (two), Treponema infection in the rectum (two) and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in the small intestine (one). Only three patients had a normal series of biopsy specimens. All of the patients had similar ultrastructural changes at the epithelial-stromal junction of the antral glands and in the intestinal crypts. We conclude that abnormal biochemical and endoscopic findings are common in HIV-positive patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Defects in carbohydrate absorption and ultrastructural changes may be responsible for some aspects of HIV enteropathy.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal function and structure in HIV-positive patients. 220 20

Full blood counts, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate, erythrocyte folate concentrations and nutrient intakes were estimated in twenty-three Indian vegetarian, twenty-two Caucasian omnivores and eighteen Caucasian vegetarian women aged 25-40 years. Energy and copper intakes were lower in the Indian women than in the Caucasians. Intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin C and folate were greater and the proportion of energy derived from fat was lower in the vegetarians than in the omnivores. Vitamin B12 and protein intakes were lower in both vegetarian groups than in the omnivores. Fe intake was similar in all the groups but haem Fe provided one-quarter of the Fe intake of the omnivores. Haemoglobin concentrations were generally inside the normal range in all groups, but were lower in the Indians as were mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Higher MCV, MCH and lower erythrocyte (RBC) counts were observed in Caucasian vegetarians compared with the Caucasian omnivores. In both groups of vegetarians, concentrations of serum vitamin B12 and ferritin were markedly lower than in the omnivores. RBC folate concentrations were lower in the Indians than in either of the Caucasian groups when subjects taking supplements were excluded. It is concluded that vegetarians need to ensure they have adequate intakes of Fe and vitamin B12.
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PMID:Haematological studies on pre-menopausal Indian and Caucasian vegetarians compared with Caucasian omnivores. 222 38

The results of a large number of nutritional screen requests (n = 871) were compared with corresponding values of erythrocyte indices considered predictive of nutritional deficiencies to determine if such indices could be used in a prospective screening procedure to restrict the number of serum vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin assays. Low mean cell haemoglobins (MCH less than 27 pg) were found to be superior to low mean cell volumes (MCV less than 77 fl), in predicting low serum ferritin values. The occurrence of deficient ferritin values was 90% when the MCH was very low (MCH less than 23 pg). Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency could not be predicted from the MCV. A normal MCV was found in more than 55% of vitamin B12 deficient samples and some 30% of serum B12 deficients (less than 150 micrograms/l) showed no evidence of anaemia (Hb greater than 12 gm/dl) or macrocytosis (MCV less than 100 fl). It would not seem appropriate to use erythrocyte indices alone as a method of selecting samples for further investigation of folate or vitamin B12 status.
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PMID:The value of the erythrocyte indices as a screening procedure in predicting nutritional deficiencies. 227 55

Thirty six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (25 with anaemia) were studied to establish the role of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency, erythropoietin responsiveness, and iron absorption in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of anaemia in RA. Iron deficiency, assessed by stainable bone marrow iron content, occurred in 13/25 (52%), vitamin B12 deficiency in 7/24 (29%), and folic acid deficiency in 5/24 (21%) of the anaemic patients. Only 8/25 (32%) had just one type of anaemia. The iron deficiency of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) was distinguished by ferritin concentration, which was higher in that group. Mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) were lower in both anaemic groups, but most pronounced in iron deficient patients. Folic acid, and especially vitamin B12 deficiency, masked iron deficiency by increasing the MCV and MCH. Iron absorption tended to be highest in iron deficiency and lowest in ACD, suggesting that decreased iron absorption is not a cause of ACD in RA. No specific causes were found for vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. Haemoglobin concentration was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the group with ACD. Erythropoietin response was lower in ACD than in iron deficient patients. It was concluded that generally more than one type of anaemia is present simultaneously in anaemic patients with RA. The diagnosis of each type may be masked by another. Studies on pathogenesis of the anaemia are difficult as deficiencies generally coexist with ACD. Disease activity and, possibly, erythropoietin responsiveness are major factors in ACD pathogenesis.
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PMID:Anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency, and erythropoietin responsiveness. 231 22

A double-blind crossover study is described of the effect of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol spray in patients with recurrent (minor) aphthous oral ulceration. Patients included in the study had normal haematological parameters of haemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12 and corrected whole blood folate. The design of the study incorporated a washout period and duration of effect was evaluated up to six months. Beclomethasone dipropionate significantly reduced ulcer pain severity and ulcer frequency, but had no significant effect on recurrence of oral ulceration. The preparation was associated with a high patient compliance and has benefit in relieving symptoms in patients with recurrent minor aphthous ulceration.
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PMID:Minor aphthous oral ulceration: a double-blind cross-over study of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol spray. 258 82

True vitamin B12/folate deficiency is more common than is currently appreciated; it appears in many guises and the classic hematological features of megaloblastic anaemia are often absent. The single most reliable predictor of megaloblastic anaemia is serum vitamin B12/folate concentration, but this determination in a screening program for all patients is difficult in terms of laboratory overload and cost. Early recognition of nutritional anaemias is, however, mandatory and we undertook this study to explore the possibility of identifying, on a demographic basis or because of routine laboratory results, a group of subjects at risk for vitamin B12/folate deficiency. Results obtained in simultaneous radioassay of serum B12 and folate levels and erythrocyte folate concentration in 1.200 hospitalized patients are presented. Coexisting iron deficiency was excluded by ferritin assay. We found no significant difference between males and females and no correlation between serum folate and B12 concentrations and aging. Low serum folic and cobalamin levels were found in 53% of patients with macrocytosis and elevated MCH, even in the absence of anaemia. These observations suggest that increased MCV and MCH may be present before a related anaemia and that serum folate and cobalamin levels must be monitored early in these patients to prevent a deficiency.
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PMID:[Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency. Characterization of parameters for early diagnosis]. 260 38

In 1986, sixty 35-year-old Dutch men (response 87%) provided information on medications, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. Length, body weight and blood pressure were determined. A blood sample was taken to determine serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and biochemical parameters of the vitamin, iron and trace element status (hematology, ferritin, vitamins A, B6, B12, folate, Zn, Se). Prevalence of overweight (body mass index greater than 27 kg/m2) was 15%, whereas 12% had high-risk cholesterol levels (greater than 6.4 mmol/l). Except for possibly selenium, no marginal values for the vitamin, iron and trace element status were found. Smokers had a higher hematocrit reading and mean corpuscular volume and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p less than 0.05). The nutritional status was not negatively influenced by (predominantly moderate) alcohol consumption (mean = 21 g/day). Positive associations with alcohol consumption were found for plasma folic acid (p less than 0.01) and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (p less than 0.001). This study shows that the most important nutritional risks in 35-year-old Dutch men are related to cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional status of 35-year-old Dutch men with reference to smoking and drinking habits. 263 45

Dietary supplementation with high-carbohydrate, guar gum fiber (HCF) is effective in acutely blunting postprandial blood glucose levels. We report the effect of such supplementation on the diet and nutritional status of a group of 16 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who incorporated either HCF bars (35.7 g carbohydrate and 6.6 g guar gum/bar) or placebo bars (identical except for the absence of guar gum) into the diet for 6 mo as part of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The HCF subjects achieved mean daily intake of 4.8 +/- 0.4 bars, constituting 51.2 +/- 3.1% of total calories and providing 29.7 +/- 2.6 g guar gum daily. Energy intakes and body weight did not change significantly in either group. Food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes did change, although not enough to impair the nutritional integrity of the diet because the bars themselves served as a source of nutrients. The bars were rich in thiamin, B6, folacin, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper, adequately replacing any decrease in nutrient intake as a result of foods being dropped from the diet. In fact, daily intakes of B6, folacin, and copper actually increased due to contributions from the bars. Nutrients in which the bars were poor (vitamins A, C and B12) resulted in suboptimal intakes (less than 66% RDA). Although no significant change in nutritional status of the HCF group occurred as determined by arm muscle area, arm fat area, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or serum albumin, transferrin, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, B12, and magnesium levels, these indicators of nutritional status are rather insensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nutritional risk of high-carbohydrate, guar gum dietary supplementation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 302 7

Routine clinical chemical variables and parameters of the vitamin, iron and zinc status were measured in 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 10 lean and 10 normal weight, healthy, female control subjects. Patients with AN had higher activities of L-gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and a higher concentration of prealbumin in serum and lower leucocyte and lymphocyte counts in blood. For the other routine clinical chemical parameters no significant differences between the groups were observed. AN patients had higher serum vitamin B12 and retinol levels. No significant differences were found for the status parameters of thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, vitamin E and vitamin D. Contradictory results were obtained for the riboflavin status: AN patients had a lower level of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in blood and a lower stimulation ratio of the glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes (alpha-EGR). Patients with AN had higher serum ferritin concentration and lower total iron binding capacity (TIBC). However, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht) and iron saturation were not significantly different. No significant difference was found in the concentration of zinc in plasma. In spite of the poor intake of nutrients and energy, the results obtained did not indicate an inadequate status of vitamins, iron and zinc in patients with AN.
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PMID:Nutritional status in anorexia nervosa: clinical chemistry, vitamins, iron and zinc. 307 21


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