Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cadmium content of crystallized horse spleen ferritin, usually about 2% by weight without special treatment, can be substantially decreased by prolonged dialysis against certain chelating agents, chaotropic ions, or weakly reducing anions. For example, neutral bisulphite buffer (2M) removed 95% of the bound cadmium of crystallization without affecting the iron content, and may thus be valuable for preparing "metal-free" holoferritin for physical-chemical studies.
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PMID:Removal of cadmium(II) from crystallized ferritin. 43 59

In mice fed a low iron diet, the addition of low levels of cadmium chloride (10 micrometer) to the drinking water impaired growth and accentuated the development of anemia. Cadmium had no effect on mice given a similar diet supplemented with iron. Iron deficiency increased the concentration of cadmium in the duodenal mucosa, the transfer of cadmium to the body from the intestinal tract, and the deposition of absorbed cadmium in the kidneys. In human subjects, the average absorption of 25 microgram of cadmium, labeled with 115mCd, from a test meal was 8.9 +/- 2.0% (mean +/- SE) in 10 people with low body iron stores (serum ferritin less than 20 ng per ml) and 2.3 +/- 0.3% in 12 subjects with normal iron stores (serum ferritin greater than 23 ng per ml). The biological half-time of the radiocadmium in 3 of the subjects ranged from 90 to 202 days. Thus, the intestinal adaptive response to iron deficiency in both experimental animals and human subjects leads to the increased absorption of cadmium, a potentially toxic element.
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PMID:Increased dietary cadmium absorption in mice and human subjects with iron deficiency. 64 Mar 39

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been used in the treatment of cerebral edema with variable results. Two different actions of HBO, one decreasing and the other increasing cerebral edema, have been postulated. We examined the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats and cats. Animals of each species were treated for 90 min/d with 100% oxygen at a pressure of 2.5 atm for 5 consecutive days. Following treatment, cadmium-free ferritin was injected intravenously. Sections of the brain were prepared for electron microscopic evaluation of the capillaries and their neighboring structures. Perivascular edematous zones were observed. Ferritin particles penetrated through the capillary endothelium and into the pericapillary structures. Hyperbaric oxygenation appears to increase the permeability of cerebral vessel walls in normal animals. Further work on this phenomenon may provide a more rational basis for the treatment of cerebral edema with HBO.
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PMID:Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier under hyperbaric conditions. 66 82

Twenty-four hours after the administration of Ga-67 citrate and Fe-59 citrate, rabbits were killed and their livers removed and homogenized. Labile proteins in the filtered liver homogenates were denatured; ferritin was then crystallized from the supernatants by cadmium sulfate. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of the ferritin fractions was done to determine the distribution of molecular weights in the substances associated with Ga-67 and Fe-59. It was found that Ga-67 was incorporated into the crystallizable ferritin fraction of rabbit hepatocytes with approximately one-sixth the uptake of simultaneously administered Fe-59. Gel-filtration chromatography confirmed that both the Ga-67 and the Fe-59 of the crystallizable ferritin fraction were associated with substances of the appropriate molecular weight for ferritin.
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PMID:The incorporation of Ga-67 into the ferritin fraction of rabbit hepatocytes in vivo. 89 95

The effect of long-term dietary cadmium treatment upon the distribution of the metals copper, iron and zinc has been compared in various organs of male and female rats. The renal accumulation of cadmium was similar in both sexes without a plateau being reached. In contrast, the hepatic accumulation of cadmium was higher in the female than in the male rat and a plateau was observed after 30-35 weeks of dietary cadmium treatment. Most of the cadmium which accumulated in these organs was recovered in the metallothionein fraction andthe concentration of hepatic cadmiumthionein in the female rat was correspondingly higher than in the male rat. Accumulation of cadmium was associated with an increased zinc concentration in the liver and an increased copper concentration in the kidney; these increases were correlated with increases in liver and kidney metallothioneins induced by cadmium. Uptake of cadmium into organs other than liver and kidney occurred to a small extent but was not associated with changes in the concentration of copper and zinc. Cadmium also accumulated in the intestinal mucosa where it could be recovered in a fraction corresponding to metallothionien. A loss of iron from the liver and kidney was also observed following dietary cadmium treatment and involved mainly a loss of iron from ferritin.
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PMID:Influence of dietary cadmium on the distribution of the essential metals copper, zinc and iron in tissues of the rat. 100 32

We evaluated three methods for isolating ferritin for use as a standard, with respect to purity of the products, ease of preparation, and yield. Examination of the respective products by gel filitration on Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B suggested that the preparations isolated by ammonium sulfate and cadmium sulfate precipitation (Method 1) and by ultracentrifugation (Method 2) were homogeneous, while the product of a procedure including precipitation with ammonium sulfate (Method 3) contained significant amounts of nonferritin protein. The ratios of ferritin as measured by immunoradiometric assay to the amount of protein in the product indicated the ferritin prepared by Method 1 to be the most highly purified. Methods 1 and 2 were both comparatively simple. Although the yield from Method 1 was lowest, it is probably the method of choice, on the basis of the ease of obtaining a highly purified product. The most appropriate method for estimating protein in the isolated preparations appears to be that of Lowry et al.
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PMID:Comparison of three procedures for isolating human ferritin, for use as a standard in an immunoradiometric assay. 125 34

Exposure to cadmium via the diet is known to depend to a large extent on the intake of cereal grains, particularly the high-fibre fractions of wheat. Subjects with low iron status absorb more cadmium than those with better iron status. The purpose of the present study was to determine to what extent cadmium accumulation in human placenta is affected by the intake of grain fibre and maternal iron status during pregnancy. Thirty-nine pregnant women participated in the study. In each trimester the women were requested to complete a dietary history and to allow blood samples to be taken for haemoglobin, serum ferritin and serum thiocyanate determinations, the latter as a marker for smoking. At delivery the whole placenta was taken for the determination of the cadmium concentration. The 32 women who had serum thiocyanate levels less than 70 mumol/l, who had completed at least one dietary history and from whom a blood sample was obtained in the third trimester, were included in the final statistical analyses. In the group of women who consumed less than the median intake of grain fibre and had more than 15 micrograms ferritin/l serum in the third trimester, the placenta cadmium concentration was nearly half that in the placentae of women who had consumed more grain fibre or had lower iron status in late pregnancy.
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PMID:The relation of the accumulation of cadmium in human placenta to the intake of high-fibre grains and maternal iron status. 132 41

This population study included 230 subjects (age range 20-83 years) who consumed vegetables grown in kitchen gardens on a sandy acidic soil (mean pH approximately 6.3). The study investigated the association between the Cd (cadmium) levels in blood and urine and the Cd concentration in the soil (range 0.2-44 ppm). Seventy-six subjects were current smokers and 122 participants lived in a district with known Cd pollution. Urinary Cd in the 230 subjects averaged 8.7 nmole/24 hr, (range 1.3 to 47 nmole/24 hr) after age adjustment positively correlated with the Cd level in the soil; a twofold increase of the Cd concentration in the soil was accompanied by a 7% rise in urinary Cd in men (R2 = 0.05; P = 0.04) and by a 4% rise in women (R2 = 0.02; P = 0.05). Blood Cd averaged 11.5 nmole/liter (range 1.8-41 nmole/liter) and was negatively associated with the Cd level in the soil. After adjustment for significant covariates (smoking and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in both sexes, and age and serum ferritin in women), a twofold increase in the Cd concentration in the soil was accompanied by a 6% decrease in blood Cd in men (R2 = 0.03; P = 0.09) and by a 10% decrease in women (R2 = 0.06; P less than 0.01). In conclusion, in a rural population, consuming vegetables grown on a sandy acidic soil, 2 to 4% of the variance of urinary Cd was directly related to the Cd level in the soil. The negative correlation with blood Cd, a measure of more recent exposure, was biased by the implementation of preventive measures in the polluted district.
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PMID:Transfer of cadmium from a sandy acidic soil to man: a population study. 135 Jul 63

This report investigated the distribution of serum zinc and the factors determining serum zinc concentration in a large random population sample. The 1977 participants (959 men and 1018 women), 20-80 years old, constituted a stratified random sample of the population of four Belgian districts, representing two areas with low and two with high environmental exposure to cadmium. For each exposure level, a rural and an urban area were selected. The serum concentration of zinc, frequently used as an index for zinc status in human subjects, was higher in men (13.1 mumole/L, range 6.5-23.0 mumole/L) than in women (12.6 mumole/L, range 6.3-23.2 mumole/L). In men, 20% of the variance of serum zinc was explained by age (linear and squared term, R = 0.29), diurnal variation (r = 0.29), and total cholesterol (r = 0.16). After adjustment for these covariates, a negative relationship was observed between serum zinc and both blood (r = -0.10) and urinary cadmium (r = -0.14). In women, 11% of the variance could be explained by age (linear and squared term, R = 0.15), diurnal variation in serum zinc (r = 0.27), creatinine clearance (r = -0.11), log gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (r = 0.08), cholesterol (r = 0.07), contraceptive pill intake (r = -0.07), and log serum ferritin (r = 0.06). Before and after adjustment for significant covariates, serum zinc was, on average, lowest in the two districts where the body burden of cadmium, as assessed by urinary cadmium excretion, was highest. These results were not altered when subjects exposed to heavy metals at work were excluded from analysis.
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PMID:Determinants of serum zinc in a random population sample of four Belgian towns with different degrees of environmental exposure to cadmium. 148 57

In a search for genes transcriptionally regulated by metal ions, we have isolated a Xenopus laevis ferritin cDNA clone, XL2-17, from cadmium-poisoned XL2 cells. The large size of the corresponding ferritin mRNA (1.4 kb) is due to the presence of a 629-nucleotide 5'-untranslated region. The Xenopus ferritin sequence is highly isologous with other vertebrate ferritins. In particular, there is a complete sequence identity for the iron-responsive element (IRE) located in the 5'-untranslated region in both XL2-17 and Rana catesbeiana ferritin mRNAs. The position of this IRE is unusual since it is located 489 nucleotides from the 5' end of the ferritin mRNA. Our analysis of phylogenetic relationships among ferritins indicates that all amphibian ferritins thus far sequenced would be more closely related to the mammalian H-type ferritin than to the L-type. The level of ferritin mRNA in XL2 cells rises 10- to 15-fold following exposure of cells to cadmium or copper. This increase is due to both transcriptional and translational regulation. A 10-fold increase was also found at the protein level. These results suggest that ferritin may be a primary detoxification response to heavy metals in Xenopus cells.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and expression of ferritin mRNA in heavy metal-poisoned Xenopus laevis cells. 171 17


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