Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microcytosis, hypochromasia, and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin are frequent hematologic abnormalities in dogs with portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA). The relationship of iron status to these abnormalities is unclear. We evaluated iron status and hematologic and biochemical parameters in dogs with congenital PSVA before (25 dogs) and after (11 dogs) partial ligation of the vascular anomaly. Serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity were subnormal in 56% and 20% of dogs with PSVA, respectively. Transferrin saturation was normal in 68%, decreased in 20%, and increased in 12% of the dogs. Plasma ferritin concentration was either normal (56%) or high (44%), and was not associated with increases in ceruloplasmin concentration. Hepatic stainable iron was increased in 10 of 16 dogs. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were decreased in more than 60% of dogs with PSVA. Serum biochemical abnormalities included high bile acid concentration and alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; and low urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and total protein concentrations. Serum iron concentration and clinical status (normal or PSVA) significantly influenced MCV (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively), whereas age, ceruloplasmin, ferritin, cholesterol, bile acids, and total iron binding capacity did not. Partial ligation of PSVA was associated with resolution of clinical signs and the return to normal of iron status and all clinicopathologic abnormalities, except total fasting bile acid concentrations. These findings indicate that iron status is frequently abnormal in dogs with PSVA and that low serum iron concentration appears to be related to the development of microcytosis. The normalization of iron status and clinicopathologic abnormalities after treatment suggests that they are direct consequences of PSVA.
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PMID:Iron status and erythrocyte volume in dogs with congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies. 913 78

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an important scavenger of free radicals in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, and its deficiency may be a partial cause of increased hemolysis and shortened RBC survival in uremics. In this study we employed exogenous GSH (1200 mg i.v. at the end of each dialysis session for at least nine months) to treat anemia in a group of 28 hemodialyzed patients, 14 of whom were also receiving erythropoietin. RBC survival (51Cr T/2) was calculated before (26 patients) and at the end (15 pts) of GSH therapy. After the first three months anemia (RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocytes) improved significantly in 17 patients (60%), for as long as they were under therapy, but rapidly dropped to pre-treatment values when GSH was discontinued. The 51Cr T/2 increased significantly in responders, but not in those who did not respond. No significant differences were found between responders and non-responders as regards urea KT/V, PTH, serum iron, ferritin, dialysis membrane, dose of erythropoietin and basal 51Cr T/2. These results suggest that exogenous GSH may be a promising drug for the treatment of anemia in most hemodialyzed patients, particularly considering its low cost.
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PMID:Effect of exogenous reduced glutathione on the survival of red blood cells in hemodialyzed patients. 936 18

Anemia in chronic renal failure is predominantly caused by diminished erythropoietin synthesis by diseased kidneys. While iron deficiency is often stated as a cause of anemia in chronic renal failure prior to end-stage renal disease, its relative contribution is debated. It is speculated that rather than frank 'iron deficiency', many patients with chronic renal failure may indeed have impaired utilization of iron. We analyzed 139 consecutive patients with chronic renal failure starting maintenance hemodialysis to determine the relationship between hematocrit, measures of renal function (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentration), and measures of iron availability (serum transferrin saturation, serum iron level and serum ferritin). The 139 study subjects (60 men, 79 women) comprised 116 blacks (83%), 15 hispanics (11%), and 8 whites (6%) of a mean age 56 +/- 15 years. Only 23 (17%) of 139 subjects had positive hemoccult stool test for blood. Their mean hematocrit was 24 +/- 4.5%, mean blood urea nitrogen concentration was 121 +/- 38, mean serum creatinine concentration was 12.6 +/- 5.2 mg/dl, mean serum transferrin saturation was 22 +/- 14%, mean serum ferritin level was 235 +/- 194 U/l, mean serum iron level was 55 +/- 40 U/l, and mean total iron binding capacity was 254 +/- 93%. Multiple regression analysis with hematocrit as the outcome variable, and blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine concentration, serum albumin concentration, serum transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin level as the independent variables, showed an inverse correlation between hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration (p = 0.002). We conclude that in patients with chronic renal failure starting uremia therapy, anemia does not correlate with any of the commonly measured indices of body iron stores. We infer that impaired utilization of iron may be a significant factor in the anemia of chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Relative contributions of body iron status and uremia severity to anemia in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. 937 26

Despite the prevalent use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), anemia is a frequent finding in hemodialysis patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of anemia on patient survival and characterize the determinants of hematopoiesis that may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation to enhance rhEPO responsiveness and reduce death risk. Patient characteristics and laboratory data were collected for 21,899 patients receiving hemodialysis three times per week in dialysis centers throughout the United States in 1993. Hemoglobin concentrations (Hb) < or =80 g/L were associated with a twofold increase in the odds of death (odds ratio = 2.01; P = 0.001) when compared with Hb 100 to 110 g/L. No improvement in the odds of death was afforded for Hb >110 g/L. Using multiple linear regression, variables of rhEPO administration (rhEPO dose and percentage of treatments that rhEPO was administered), variables of iron status (serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin), variables of nutritional status (serum albumin and creatinine concentration), and the dose of dialysis (urea reduction ratio) were found to be significantly associated with hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001). Age, race, and gender were also found to be significantly associated with hemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.001). From this report, the following conclusions may be made. (1) Anemia may be predictive of an increased risk of mortality in some hemodialysis patients. (2) Hemoglobin concentrations > 110 g/L are not associated with further improvements in the odds of death. (3) Laboratory surrogates of iron stores, nutritional status, and the delivered dose of dialysis are predictive of hemoglobin concentration. Whether manipulation of the factors that improve anemia will also enhance the survival of patients on hemodialysis is unknown and should be evaluated by prospective, interventional studies.
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PMID:Anemia in hemodialysis patients: variables affecting this outcome predictor. 940 95

The aim of the present prospective longitudinal study was to investigate the hormonal response in overtrained athletes at rest and during exercise consisting of a short-term exhaustive endurance test on a cycle ergometer at an intensity 10% above the individual anaerobic threshold. Over a period of 19+/-1 months, 17 male endurance athletes (cyclists and triathletes; age 23.4+/-1.6 yr; VO2max. 61.2+/-1.8 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1); means+/-SEM) were examined five times on two separate days under standardized conditions. Short-term overtraining states (OT, N=15) were primarily induced by an increase of frequency of high-intensive bouts of exercise or competitions without increase of the total amount of training. OT was compared with normal training states intraindividually (NS, N=62). During OT, the time to exhaustion of the exercise test was significantly decreased by 27% on average. At rest and during exercise, the concentrations in plasma and the nocturnal excretion in urine of free epinephrine and norepinephrine were not significantly changed during OT. At physical rest, the concentrations of (free) testosterone, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and insulin during OT were comparable with those during NS. A significantly (P < 0.025) lower maximal exercise-induced increase of the adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, as well as a trend for a decrease of cortisol (P=0.060) and insulin (P=0.036), was measured. The response of free catecholamines as well as the ergometric performance of an all-out 30-s test was unchanged. Serum urea, uric acid, ferritin, and activity of creatine kinase showed no differences between conditions. In conclusion, the results confirm the hypothesis of a hypothalamo-pituitary dysregulation during OT expressed by an impaired response of pituitary hormones to exhaustive short-endurance exercise.
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PMID:Impaired pituitary hormonal response to exhaustive exercise in overtrained endurance athletes. 952 87

We present our results on the efficacy and safety of low dose r-HuEPO given subcutaneously in the treatment of anaemia in CAPD. We have studied 10 stable patients (5 males, 5 females) on CAPD. In our study subcutaneous r-HuEPO was administered twice a week for 6 months. Mean initial dose of r-HuEPO was 67.3+/-21.7 U/kg/week, and maintenance dose was 35.8+/-12.1 U/kg/week. The target Hb concentration was 10-12 g/dl. All patients responded to r-HuEPO. During treatment significant increases of haemoglobin concentration (p<0.05), haematocrit (p<0.05), red cell count (p<0.05) and reticulocyte count (p<0.05) were observed. We found no significant changes in total white cell or platelet counts. Long-term r-HuEPO treatment did not influence significantly plasma levels of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca), urea and creatinine. We found no significant changes in ultrafiltration volumes. In the present study the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change. Liver function tests were normal at the beginning and at the end of the study. r-HuEPO treatment was associated with a decrease of ferritin (455+/-90 vs. 224+/-83 microg/l. Oral or intravenous iron substitution became necessary in 6 patients. Side effects in our study were minimal; one patient had myalgia after the first seven doses but this disappeared as treatment was continued. Two patients reported pain (mild) at the injection site. In the present study, the correction of anaemia was accompanied by a substantial improvement in the quality of life, mainly in capacity for work, household and social activities.
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PMID:Subcutaneous r-HuEPO therapy in CAPD patients: dose determination and clinical experience. 956 19

The response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), 50 units/kg thrice weekly, was studied prospectively in 17 children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease who were either transfusion dependent or had hematocrits < 25%. For convenience, rHuEPO was given intravenously to 12 hemodialysis (HD) patients and subcutaneously to 5 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Blood pressure, hematocrit, iron indices, and serum potassium, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were monitored serially. When serum ferritin was < 100 ng/ ml during therapy, 6 patients received iron supplementation. rHuEPO therapy eliminated frequent transfusions in all patients; 11 of 17 patients reached the target hematocrit of 30%-33% by week 16 of rHuEPO, 50 units/kg thrice weekly. The 5 PD patients treated subcutaneously reached target at week 6 +/- 1; 6 HD patients treated intravenously reached target at week 11 +/- 3; 6 additional HD patients never reached target at this dose; 5 of 6 had pre-rHuEPO serum PTH levels >400 pg/ml, significantly higher than those of the other patients (P < 0.005); 3 of 6 later reached a hematocrit of 30%-33% after the rHuEPO dose was increased to 120-130 units/kg thrice weekly. We conclude that most pediatric dialysis patients can be treated successfully with rHuEPO, 50 units/kg thrice weekly, unless the serum PTH concentration is markedly elevated, in which case a higher dose is likely to be needed.
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PMID:Effect of hyperparathyroidism on response to erythropoietin in children on dialysis. 965 62

Determining the possible association of viral hepatitis infection and degree of pruritus is the primary concern of this study. Ninety-six adequately dialyzed CAPD patients (47 male and 49 female) and 526 normal controls (266 male and 260 female) were enrolled. Blood hemoglobin, ferritin, electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were analyzed by routine methods. Serum HBsAg was examined, using a radioimmunoassay method and the anti-HCV, an enzyme immunoassay method. All cases were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. The highest possible pruritus score (PS) was 22. The prevalences of HBsAg(+) and anti-HCV(+) were 14.6% and 17.7%, respectively. The mean PS in all 96 CAPD patients was 11.6 (range 7-22). The mean PS were 11.8 +/- 0.6 and 12.5 +/- 1.0 for patients infected with HBV and HCV, respectively. Both were significantly higher than that (10 +/- 0.9) of patients without hepatitis infection. AST and ALT were significantly higher in patients infected with viral hepatitis than those without. The other biochemical parameters were not significant. Thirty-seven (38.5%) of our 96 patients had mild pruritus (PS < or = 7) and 11 (15.9%) had severe pruritus (PS > or = 15). Of the 83.9% (26/31) patients with viral hepatitis, the grades of skin itching were moderate to severe; whereas those of the patients without viral hepatitis, 53.6% (37/69) belonged to the group of moderate to severe pruritus (p = 0.003, chi 2 test with Yates' correction). The authors recommended screening of viral hepatitis infection to be undertaken for uremic patients with unexplained skin itching.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis infection should be considered for evaluating uremic pruritus in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. 968 Nov 57

The appropriate amount of protein to use in infant formula is still under discussion. We found earlier that protein digestibility is higher from ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)-treated formula than from conventionally heat-treated formula. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional, hematologic, and biochemical effects of feeding infants whey-predominant UHT-treated formula with 13 (UHT-13) or 15 (UHT-15) g protein/L as compared with a conventional, powdered, whey-predominant formula (PF) with 13 g protein/L from 6 wk to 6 mo of age. Breast-fed infants served as control subjects. Growth was assessed at monthly intervals and venous blood samples were drawn at entry into the study and at 6 mo of age. At 6 mo, there were no significant differences in weight gain or linear growth, or hemoglobin, serum ferritin, zinc, or copper concentrations among the groups. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations were lowest for breast-fed infants; among the formula-fed groups the UHT-13 group had the lowest values. All formula-fed groups had higher plasma threonine concentrations than breast-fed infants. Infants fed the UHT-13 formula had threonine values closest to those of breast-fed infants. Concentrations of branched-chain amino acids were similar in breast-fed infants and those fed UHT-13 formula, whereas the other groups had higher values. Plasma tryptophan concentrations were significantly higher in the UHT-treated formula groups than in the other groups. Thus, infants fed UHT-13 formula had metabolic measures similar to those of breast-fed infants, possibly because of high protein digestibility, or a difference in the protein source used. Iron, zinc, and copper status was satisfactory in all groups. Selenium status, as indicated by serum glutathione peroxidase activity, varied with dietary selenium intake.
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PMID:Effects of feeding ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)-treated infant formula with different protein concentrations or powdered formula, as compared with breast-feeding, on plasma amino acids, hematology, and trace element status. 970 Nov 93

Developmental processes of the fetal rat kidney from uninephrectomized mothers were studied. The uninephrectomy was performed on day 5 of gestation. Glomerular number and volume in the fetal kidneys on days 18, 20, and 22 of gestation were morphometrically determined. To investigate the anionic site formation in the glomerular basement membrane, distribution of cationized ferritin (CF) in the fetal glomerulus was examined electron microscopically after CF injection. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration in the pregnant rats was also determined on various days after uninephrectomy. On fetal days 20 and 22, the glomerular volume was significantly larger in the fetuses from uninephrectomized mothers than in those from sham-operated ones. On fetal day 20, the CF particles were clustered in the laminae rarae interna and externa of the glomerular basement membrane in the fetuses from uninephrectomized mothers, while the clusters were arrayed in three to four layers in the glomerular basement membrane in the fetuses from sham-operated ones. On fetal day 22, the CF particles noted in the lamina rara externa in the fetuses from uninephrectomized mothers were slightly larger in number than such particles in the age-matched control fetuses. The BUN concentration of the uninephrectomized pregnant rats was significantly higher than that of the sham-operated pregnant ones on each postoperative day. These results suggest that the development of the fetal renal glomerulus is accelerated by the elevated BUN level following maternal uninephrectomy when the fetal kidney is functional in effective filtration in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of maternal uninephrectomy on the development of fetal rat kidney: numerical and volumetric changes of the glomerulus and formation of the anionic site in the glomerular basement membrane. 983 57


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