Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study deals with two characteristic cell types in the rat septal complex i.e., cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, and their synaptic connections. Cholinergic elements were labeled with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme. Antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the GABA synthesizing enzyme, was employed to identify GABAergic perikarya and terminals, by using either the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique or a biotinylated second antiserum and avidinated gold or ferritin. With these contrasting immunolabels we have studied the cholinergic-GABAergic interconnections in double-labeled sections of intact septal regions and the GABAergic innervation of medial septal area cholinergic neurons in sections taken from animals 1 week following lateral septal area lesion. In other electron microscopic experiments we have studied cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the septal complex for synaptic contacts with hippocamposeptal fibers, which were identified by anterograde degeneration following fimbria-fornix transection. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) GAD-positive terminals form synaptic contacts on ChAT-immunoreactive dendrites in the medial septum/diagonal band complex (MSDB), (2) surgical lesion of the lateral septal area resulted in a dramatic decrease of the number of GABAergic boutons on MSDB cholinergic neurons, (3) cholinergic terminals establish synaptic contacts with GAD immunoreactive cell bodies and proximal dendrites in the MSDB as well as in the lateral septum (LS), (4) degenerated terminals of hippocampo-septal fibers were mainly observed in the LS, where they formed asymmetric synaptic contacts on dendrites of GABAergic neurons and on nonimmunoreactive spines. We did not observe degenerated boutons in contact with ChAT-positive dendrites or cell bodies in the MSDB. From these results and from data in the literature we conclude that excitatory hippocampo-septal fibers activate GABAergic cells, and as yet unidentified spiny neurons in the LS, which may control the discharge of medial septal cholinergic neurons known to project back to the hippocampal formation.
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PMID:Organization of the septal region in the rat brain: cholinergic-GABAergic interconnections and the termination of hippocampo-septal fibers. 280 69

This study describes the cholinergic innervation of chemically defined nonpyramidal neurons in the hilar region of the rat hippocampus. Cholinergic terminals were identified by immunocytochemistry employing a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) technique. Nonpyramidal neurons in the hilar region were characterized by immunostaining with antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme, and somatostatin (SS). The immunoreactivity to these antibodies was detected by using biotinylated secondary antibodies and avidinated ferritin as an electron-dense marker. This electron microscopic double immunostaining procedure enabled us to demonstrate that immunoperoxidase-labeled ChAT-immunoreactive terminals established symmetric synaptic contacts on the ferritin-labeled GAD- and SS-immunoreactive hilar cells. In additional experiments at least some of the GAD- and SS-immunoreactive hilar neurons were further characterized as commissural neurons by retrograde filling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following an injection of the tracer into the contralateral hilus. From these triple labeling experiments, we concluded that at least some GABAergic and somatostatin-containing neurons in the hilar region, which are postsynaptic to cholinergic terminals, project to the contralateral hippocampus. Together with previous studies on the cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus and fascia dentata, our present results thus demonstrate that different types of hippocampal cells, including GABAergic and peptidergic commissural neurons in the hilar region, receive a cholinergic input.
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PMID:Cholinergic innervation of hippocampal GAD- and somatostatin-immunoreactive commissural neurons. 288 94

This study describes the catecholaminergic innervation of rat hippocampal neurons at the electron microscopic level by using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and immunocytochemical techniques. In a first series of experiments, the course and distribution as well as the synaptic contacts of TH-immunoreactive fibers were analyzed with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Next, peroxidase immunostaining of TH fibers was combined with glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunostaining, using avidinated ferritin as a second electrondense marker. Our results demonstrate that TH-immunostained terminals establish asymmetric synaptic contacts with spines of pyramidal neurons, and symmetric synaptic contacts with cell bodies and dendritic shafts of ferritin-labeled GAD-immunoreactive nonpyramidal cells.
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PMID:Catecholaminergic innervation of pyramidal and GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus. Double label immunostaining with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate decarboxylase. 289 45

The aim of this study was to describe the localization of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons and terminals in the amygdaloid nuclei of the rat. Double immunolabeling was performed to study cholinergic-GABAergic synaptic interconnections. Cholinergic elements were labeled by using a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the GABA- synthesizing enzyme, were employed to identify GABAergic perikarya and terminals. The tissue sites of the antibody bindings were detected by using either Sternberger's peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method or a biotinylated secondary antibody and avidinated ferritin. These two contrasting immunolabels allowed us to study GABAergic-cholinergic interconnections at the electron microscopic level. Our study revealed a characteristic distribution of GABAergic and cholinergic elements in the various amygdaloid nuclei: 1) Large, ChAT-immunopositive cells with heavily labeled dendrites were observed in the anterior amygdaloid area and in the lateral and medial zones of the central nucleus. These cells seem to constitute the intraamygdaloid extension of the magnocellular basal nucleus. Their dendrites invaded other amygdaloid nuclei, in particular the intercalated nuclei, the lateral olfactory tract nucleus, and the central zone of the central nucleus. These ChAT-immunoreactive dendrites formed synaptic contacts with GAD-positive terminals. GABAergic terminals probably thus exert an inhibitory amygdaloid influence onto cholinergic neurons of the magnocellular basal nucleus. 2) Two amygdaloid nuclei-the basal dorsal nucleus and the lateral olfactory tract nucleus-contained a dense network of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers and terminals, but they also contained numerous GAD-positive perikarya. Double-immunolabeling experiments revealed cholinergic terminals forming synaptic contacts on GAD-immunopositive cell bodies, dendritic shafts, and spines. 3) The central and medial nucleus seem to be the main target of GABAergic fibers to the amygdala. Both nuclei contained a dense plexus of GAD-immunoreactive terminals that may arise, at least in part, from the GABAergic neurons in the basal dorsal nucleus. Inhibition of the centromedial "excitatory" region through intraamygdaloid GABAergic connections may reduce excitatory amygdaloid influence onto hypothalamus and brainstem.
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PMID:Organization and synaptic interconnections of GABAergic and cholinergic elements in the rat amygdaloid nuclei: single- and double-immunolabeling studies. 291 82

Contrary to the results of direct expression, various human proteins (ferritin light-chain, epithermal growth factor, interleukin-2, prepro-ghrelin, deletion mutants of glutamate decarboxylase and arginine deiminase, and mini-proinsulin) were all soluble in Escherichia coli cytoplasm when expressed with the N-terminus fusion of ferritin heavy-chain (FTN-H). Through systematic investigations, we have found that a specific peptide motif within FTN-H has a high affinity to HSP70 chaperone DnaK, and that the peptide motif was composed of a hydrophobic core of three residues (Ile, Phe and Leu) and two flanking regions enriched with polar residues (Gly, Gln and Arg). It was also observed that all the recombinant proteins expressed with the fusion of FTN-H formed spherical nanoparticles with diameters of 10-15 nm, as confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy image. The protein nanoparticles are non-covalently cross-linked supra-molecules formed by the self-assembly function of FTN-H. Upon the formation of the supra-molecule, its size is likely to be limited by the assembly properties of FTN-H, thereby keeping the self-assembled particles soluble. This study reports on the dual function of FTN-H for fusion expression and solubility enhancement of heterologous proteins: (i) high-affinity interaction with DnaK and (ii) formation of self-assembled supra-molecules with limited and constant sizes, thereby avoiding the undesirable formation of insoluble macro-aggregates of heterologous proteins.
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PMID:Heterologous gene expression using self-assembled supra-molecules with high affinity for HSP70 chaperone. 1600 21