Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects on iron and copper distribution and metabolism of exposure to high levels of CO2 were studied in the guinea-pig. Mature, male animals were placed in an atmosphere of 15% CO2, 21% O2 (balance N2), and sacrificed from 1 h to 1 week thereafter. Total iron and copper concentrations of blood, liver, spleen and bone, as well as concentrations of heme and ferritin iron, were measured together with blood hematocrit, reticulocytes, plasma hemoglobin, plasma ceruloplasmin and copper concentrations. The results show clearly that rapid and sustained red cell damage or hemolysis ensued several h from the start of CO2 treatment. This resulted in loss of iron and copper from the blood, an influx of both elements into liver, spleen and bone, and a rise in plasma ceruloplasmin. Influx of iron into liver and spleen caused an accumulation of ferritin, the main site for iron storage in cells. Following the effect on red cells, there was an accumulation of heme iron, and a decreased hematocrit, best explained by a depressed activity of the reticuloendothelial and erythropoietic systems. A period of adaptation succeeded these events, in which all blood parameters and most tissue values returned to normal, despite the continuing presence of high CO2. The only changes not reversed were the elevations in liver, spleen and bone iron stores. These remained high, with a net accumulation of greater than 2 mg iron, or 3-4 times more than originally present. The results indicate that at least in the guinea-pig, high CO2 exposure results in red cell damage and other events leading to an accumulation of additional iron in the body; also, that iron accumulated as ferritin and hemosiderin in liver and spleen may not be readily available to restore blood hemoglobin concentrations on an acute basis.
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PMID:Effects of CO2 exposure on distribution of various forms of iron and copper in guinea-pig tissues. 640 60

Ceruloplasmin, a copper ferroxidase, promotes the incorporation of Fe(III) into the iron storage protein, apoferritin. The product formed is identical to ferritin as judged by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and iron/protein measurements. Of several proteins examined, only apoferritin accumulates the Fe(III) produced by ceruloplasmin. When ceruloplasmin was replaced by tyrosinase, which we have shown to have ferroxidase activity, no iron incorporation into apoferritin was observed. It is proposed that Fe(III) is transferred directly and specifically to apoferritin. These data support a more specific role for ceruloplasmin in iron metabolism than has previously been proposed.
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PMID:The incorporation of iron into apoferritin as mediated by ceruloplasmin. 641 53

Twelve voluntary adult subjects twice took a 30-min sauna bath, at a temperature of 80 degrees C with a 30-min rest between each, every 12 h for 1 week. Measurements of serum iron, copper, zinc, ferritin and ceruloplasmin were performed before the experiment, after the first and second 30 min in the sauna and at the end of the week. The first two sauna baths did not significantly change the concentrations of the trace elements measured. After the week the mean serum copper concentration had decreased from 15.0 (SD 1.7) mumol x 1-1 to 13.5 (SD 2.0) mumol x 1-1 (p less than 0.02). The mean zinc concentration decreased from 13.8 (SD 2.4) mumol x 1-1 to 9.8 (SD 1.8) mumol x 1-1 (p less than 0.001) during the week of the experiment. At the beginning of the study period two subjects had zinc concentrations below the reference values and after the week nine subjects had zinc concentrations below the reference values. The concentration of serum ferritin decreased from 142.2 (SD 103) micrograms x 1-1 to 111.3 (SD 89) micrograms x 1-1 (p less than 0.02) whereas the values of ceruloplasmin remained unchanged. Our findings confirm the earlier suggestion that heavy exposure to heat can cause a loss of some trace elements, especially zinc.
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PMID:Serum iron, copper, zinc, ferritin, and ceruloplasmin after intense heat exposure. 668 31

Oxygen free radicals are probably involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The enzymes involved in protection against oxygen free radicals and H2O2 (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were measured. Superoxide dismutase was not increased, glutathione peroxidase was slightly and catalase was strongly elevated in RA synovial fluid (SF) compared with control SF. Although these enzymes are present in SF, the activities are insufficient to protect against oxygen free radicals and H2O2. In contrast to transferrin, ferritin was increased in RA synovial fluid. Ceruloplasmin was also elevated. When rat liver microsomes were used as a target for oxygen free radicals, serum and SF were both protective. Gel filtration experiments showed that the fraction pattern in which there was maximal protective potential against lipid peroxidation corresponded closely to the level of ceruloplasmin. After removal of ceruloplasmin from serum or SF, about 70% of the protective capacity disappeared. It is concluded that ceruloplasmin is an important protector against oxygen free radicals.
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PMID:Protective factors against oxygen free radicals and hydrogen peroxide in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. 674 61

Among various human tissues liver had the highest content of both CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase. There were comparatively small differences in CuZn superoxide dismutase among other organs. The Mn superoxide dismutase contents were roughly half as large as the CuZn superoxide dismutase contents. The total amount of CuZn superoxide dismutase in the body was estimated to be 3900 mg. The superoxide dismutase activities of serum and cerebrospinal fluid corresponded to between 0.2-0.3 mg CuZn superoxide dismutase per liter. CuZn superoxide dismutase was apparently the source of the superoxide dismutase activity in cerebrospinal fluid, whereas this enzyme only accounted for about 15% of the serum activity. The superoxide dismutase activities of ceruloplasmin, transferrin and ferritin were very low, 40 000, 350 000 and 330 000 times lower than that of human CuZn superoxide dismutase. These factors contributed very little to serum superoxide dismutase activity. The activity of lymph was more than twice that of serum. Sera from patients with severely impaired renal function or bilaterally nephrectomized had a very high superoxide dismutase activity.
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PMID:Distribution of CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase in human tissues and extracellular fluids. 693 5

Antigens A and B, shown to be associated with the progestagen-dominated human endometrium, were partly purified and their properties studied. The antigens were recovered in the crude nuclei, the heavy particulate fraction and cytosol of decidua-rich tissue from early pregnancy. The antigens in cytosol were enriched by a combination of Concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The immunological reactivity of the antigens after partial purification by Concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography was retained after 30 min exposure to 4-85 degrees C at pH 7.4, or after 2 h to pH 2-12 at 22 degrees C. Trypsin, but not pepsin, RNase, DNase or neuraminidase, completely destroyed immunological reactivity of both antigens. The apparent molecular weight of both antigens determined by filtration on Sephadex G100 was 48 000. The isoelectric point of both antigens was approximately 4.9. The antigens were not immunologically related to transferrin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin, uteroglobin, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy-associated plasma proteins or pregnancy zone protein. Furthermore, the antisera to Antigens A and B did not react with the decidual cytosol of pregnant baboons or of pseudopregnant rats.
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PMID:Properties of the progestagen-dependent protein of the human endometrium. 743 Dec 86

We have investigated the effect of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-1 alpha (Il-1 alpha), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on the inducible expression of cytochrome P450s (CYP) CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes in primary culture. The ability of these cultures to mimic the acute phase response when stimulated with cytokines was evaluated using immunoblotting to measure the production of albumin, ferritin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin. The cytokines exhibited specific patterns of action on the production of these proteins. Albumin was depressed by all the cytokines. In contrast to Il-6 and Il-1 alpha, TNF-alpha reduced the production of fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin but stimulated the production of ferritin. When cells were treated with the CYP inducer alone, large increases in the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 by beta-naphthoflavone and of CYP3A4 by rifampicin were observed at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, by ribonuclease protection and immunoblotting, respectively. When the cells were treated with the inducer plus cytokines, the induction of mRNA was greatly reduced. Again, specific patterns of action were revealed: Il-6 had the most potent effect on CYP3A4, whereas TNF-alpha was the most potent with CYP1A genes. In all cases, changes at the protein levels paralleled changes at the mRNA levels. In cells preinduced with beta-naphthoflavone or rifampicin, the decay with time of the levels of the CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 proteins, after the removal of the inducer, was not affected by cytokines. We conclude that cytokines strongly repress the inducibility of CYP1As and CYP3A4 genes at a transcriptional or a posttranscriptional level, but affect neither the rate of translation of CYP mRNAs nor the rate of degradation of the CYP proteins in these cultures.
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PMID:Differential effects of cytokines on the inducible expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes in primary culture. 755 64

Microcytosis is a common laboratory finding in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS), although its pathogenesis is not yet understood. Because the most common cause of microcytosis in dogs is absolute or relative iron deficiency, iron status was evaluated in 12 young dogs with PSS. Complete blood counting was done before surgical correction in all dogs, and in 5 dogs after surgery, by use of an automated hematology analyzer. Serum iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were determined coulometrically, and percentage of transferrin saturation was calculated. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin content was quantified by use of front-face fluorometry. Serum ferritin concentration was measured by use of ELISA. Serum ceruloplasmin content was determined colorimetrically (with p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride as substrate) as an indirect indicator of subclinical inflammation, which may result in impaired iron utilization. Special stains were applied to liver (10 dogs; Gomori's) and bone marrow aspiration biopsy (7 dogs; Prussian blue) specimens for qualitative assessment of tissue iron content. Nonpaired Student's t-tests were used to compare serum iron concentration, TIBC, percentage of transferrin saturation, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin, ferritin, and ceruloplasmin concentrations in dogs with PSS with those in clinically normal dogs. All dogs had microcytosis before surgery; microcytosis resolved in 3 dogs after surgical correction. Serum iron concentration and TIBC were significantly lower in PSS-affected dogs than in clinically normal dogs. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin, ferritin, and ceruloplasmin concentrations in PSS-affected dogs were not significantly different from those in health dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of iron status in young dogs with portosystemic shunt. 757 50

Cystic fibrosis patients are at risk for nutrient deficiencies from malabsorption related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This research examined the copper homeostasis of children with cystic fibrosis. Our objective was to measure cytochrome oxidase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activities in mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and erythrocytes of adolescents with cystic fibrosis, as well as plasma copper and ceruloplasmin. Thirteen adolescents with pancreatic insufficiency caused by cystic fibrosis were compared with 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Serum copper concentrations and ceruloplasmin measurements were not significantly different between the two groups. Cytochrome oxidase activity was significantly lower in the mononuclear cells and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the neutrophils and erythrocytes of the cystic fibrosis group. Other measures of trace element status such as hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin, serum zinc, glutathione peroxidase activity, and manganese superoxide dismutase activity were not different between the two groups. Reductions in the activity of two copper-dependent enzymes suggest abnormal copper homeostasis in this population.
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PMID:Reduced copper enzyme activities in blood cells of children with cystic fibrosis. 766 Nov 26

A case of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary associated with hepatocytic differentiation is reported in a 45-year-old patient with a torsioned ovarian tumor. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were normal 6 days postoperatively. Histopathologically, the granulosa cell tumor was typically trabecular. Its cells had nuclear grooves and were positive only for vimentin. Scattered diffusely throughout the tumor were small groups of regular polygonal cells, the cytoplasm of which secreted bile and was strongly positive for keratin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), and ferritin and moderately positive for fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin. These results unequivocally identified them as hepatic cells. The AFP negativity of the hepatic cells was interpreted as a sign of terminal hepatocytic differentiation. The scattered arrangement of the hepatocytes simulated stromal luteinization. As neither a primary liver tumor nor any associated germ cell tumor was found, the histogenesis of the hepatic cells was thought to be metaplastic.
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PMID:Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with diffuse true hepatic differentiation simulating stromal luteinization. 768 May 45


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