Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 15-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of microcytic hypochromic erythrocytosis and hyperbilirubinemia in October 1996. The laboratory findings were RBC: 597 x 10(4)/microliter, Hb: 13.1 g/dl, Ht: 40.8%, MCV: 70fl, MCH: 22pg, total bilirubin: 3.2 mg/dl (indirect: 2.2 mg/dl), s-Fe: 99 micrograms/dl, and ferritin: 25 ng/ml. Routine liver function tests were normal. There were no findings of hemolysis except for an increase in serum indirect bilirubin and reticulocytes. Decreased erythrocyte osmotic fragility was observed. The patient's mother and sister also showed microcytic hypochromic erythrocytosis. PCR analysis of genomic DNA from this patient, his mother, and his sister confirmed the diagnosis of the alpha-thalassemia trait. However, the bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (B-UGT 1) gene mutation and the findings of the fasting test indicated the simultaneous presence of Gilbert's syndrome. The association of these two diseases in the same patient appears to be rare, especially in Japan because of the low incidence of thalassemia in this country. We concluded that the hyperbilirubinemia was caused by decreased bilirubin clearance, not by increased erythrocyte destruction.
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PMID:[alpha-thalassemia accompanied with Gilbert's syndrome]. 979 7

A prospective hospital-based study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of serum transferrin receptors in the detection of iron deficiency in pregnant women. The iron status of 100 pregnant women with single uncomplicated term pregnancies in the first stage of labor was established using standard laboratory measures. These included complete hemogram, red cell indices, serum iron, percent transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. In addition, serum transferrin receptor (STFR) was estimated. The results of 81 women with complete laboratory profiles were analyzed. Thirty-five (43.2%) women were anemic (hemoglobin <11 g/dl). Hemoglobin (Hb) showed a significant correlation with MCH, MCHC, serum iron, and percent transferrin saturation, suggesting that the anemia was likely to be due to iron deficiency. The mean STFR level was 18.05+/-9.9 mg/l in the anemic women and was significantly raised (p<0.001) compared with that of the nonanemic women. STFR correlated significantly with Hb (p<0.001), MCH (p<0.05), MCHC (p<0.01), serum iron (p<0.01), and percent transferrin saturation (p<0.01) and also showed a highly significant correlation with the degree of anemia. Serum ferritin in these women did not correlate with Hb, and only 54.4% of the women had levels <12 ng/ml, which does not reflect the true prevalence of iron deficiency. Serum transferrin receptor estimation is thus a useful measure for detecting iron deficiency in pregnancy.
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PMID:Serum transferrin receptors in detection of iron deficiency in pregnancy. 1046 Mar 49

We studied 300 apparently healthy residents of Lagos aged 16-57 years. Their mean ferritin levels were 99.6 +/- 50.5 microg/l (men aged 20-57) and 66.5 +/- 44 microg/l (women aged 20-53) in aparasitaemic individuals. In parasitaemic subjects, mean ferritin levels were 133.1 +/- 48.3 microg/l (men aged 20-56) and 114.8 +/- 51.1 microg/l (women aged 16-50). Mean haematocrit values for aparasitaemic males were 45.7 +/- 5.6% and 37.9 +/- 5% for females, while mean haemoglobin levels were 153.2 +/- 1.5 microg/l and 124 +/- 3 microg/l, respectively. The mean values for MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were 101.7 +/- 8fl, 30.6 +/- 2.2 pg, 335 +/- 0.4 g/l and 99.8 +/- 10.1fl, 29.1 +/- 6.5 pg, 335 +/- 6 g/l. Serum iron levels were 34.2 +/- 5 micromol/l and 29.5 +/- 77 micromol/l. All haematological parameters measured were similar in both malaria parasitaemia positive and negative subjects, except ferritin level which was significantly higher in parasitaemic individuals (P < 0.05). Ferritin concentration and malaria density (r = 0.76 in males, r = 0.74 in females, P < 0.05) were positively correlated. Ferritin levels of subjects infected with Plasmodium falciparum were significantly higher than of those infected with P. malariae (P < 0.05). Hence ferritin estimation without examination for malaria parasitaemia in a malaria-endemic region such as Nigeria is not reliable. Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia increases the ferritin level. Considering the mean ferritin level we found in normal subjects on a balanced diet, routine iron supplementation may not be necessary in the treatment of malaria-induced anaemia in Nigeria.
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PMID:Serum ferritin and other haematological measurements in apparently healthy adults with malaria parasitaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. 1099 1

The transferrin receptor-ferritin index (sTfR/logFerr) was determined in 131 male and 121 female athletes in order to assess the frequency of iron deficiency (threshold value of that index taken as 1.8). Blood was drawn for determining morphological indices as well as sTfR, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and haptoglobin. A significantly (p <.01) higher incidence of iron deficiency was observed in women (26%) than in men (11%). The iron deficiency was latent, since no subject was found to be anemic. The plasma iron was significantly lower and TIBC higher (p <.001) in both iron-deficient subgroups than in the non-deficient ones. This confirmed the latent character of iron deficiency. Some hematological indices (Hb, MCH, MCHC, MCV) were significantly lower in iron-deficient female athletes than in male athletes, which suggested a more profound iron deficiency in the former. The sTfR/logFerr index might thus be useful in detecting iron deficiency in athletes, especially in those with erythropoiesis disorders, since physical loads may affect the widely used ferritin levels.
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PMID:The assessment of frequency of iron deficiency in athletes from the transferrin receptor-ferritin index. 1125 35

The aim was to evaluate relationships between iron status markers (haemoglobin, erythrocyte indices, serum iron, serum transferrin, serum transferrin saturation, serum ferritin) in normal pregnancy. Iron status markers were measured at 4-week-intervals during pregnancy and postpartum in 120 healthy women; 62 had daily treatment with tablets containing 66 mg ferrous iron, 58 were treated with placebo. Placebo-treated: Ferritin displayed positive correlations with transferrin saturation during 2nd and 3rd trimester. There were positive correlations between ferritin, erythrocyte MCV and MCH during 2nd and 3rd trimester and postpartum. Prior to delivery and postpartum, ferritin demonstrated positive correlations with haemoglobin. Transferrin saturation showed positive correlations with MCV, MCH and MCHC during 2nd and 3rd trimester and postpartum. Transferrin saturation displayed positive correlations with haemoglobin prior to delivery and postpartum. Iron-treated: In general, there were no correlations between iron status markers. Positive correlations appeared postpartum between ferritin, transferrin saturation and MCHC but not with haemoglobin. Transferrin saturation showed a positive correlation with MCH postpartum, but not with haemoglobin. Conclusion: The patterns of relationships in placebo-treated women were consistent with iron deficient erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Erythropoiesis: Correlations Between Iron Status Markers During Normal Pregnancy in Women with and without Iron Supplementation. 1139 96

The results of the determination of hematologic values from 262 men and 242 women, participants of an aging study and half of each group 44.4 +/- 0.9 and 63.0 +/- 0.9 (men) and 44.4 +/- 0.9 and 62.8 +/- 0.8 years old (women), respectively, are compared. In men, one analyte (hemoglobin decreasing) and four indices show significant differences (MCV increasing, MCH decreasing, MCHC decreasing, RDW increasing). In the older group, the iron level and the transferrin saturation are also significantly lower. In women, erythrocytes and the hematocrit are significantly higher in the older group whereas the indices MCH and MCHC are lower and the RDW increases. At the same time, the iron level, transferrin and the transferrin saturation decrease whereas ferritin doubles. The sex differences of the hematologic parameters are more pronounced in the younger participants and especially remarkable in ferritin in both age groups. The results of the semiquantitative analysis of ten urine parameters by reagent strip show differences with respect to sex (e.g., leucocytes and erythrocytes) and age (e.g., specific gravity, pH, nitrite, protein, erythrocytes). The usefulness of the estimation of glucose in urine is discussed in connection with the corresponding serum glucose levels.
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PMID:[Clinical laboratory diagnosis and aging. 3: Evaluation of a study of aging--complete blood and urine status]. 1148 60

One hundred apparently normal nursery and primary school children aged between 2 to 12 years from private schools, in Lagos Nigeria were studied. From this study the mean ferritin levels for children aged 2-5 years, and 6-12 years were 112 +/- 48 micrograms/l, and 119 +/- 38 micrograms/l respectively. Mean haematocrit values were 37.6 +/- 2.2%, and 37.5 +/- 2.6%, while mean haemoglobin levels were 126 +/- 9 g/l 127 +/- 7.9 g/l (2-5 years and 6-12 years respectively). The mean values for MCV, MCH, MCHC were 92 +/- 8.6 fl, 27.6 +/- 3.0 pg, 338.0 +/- 15.0 g/l and 93.5 +/- 9.0 fl, 28.7 +/- 2.5 pg, 332.0 +/- 17.0 g/l (2-5 years and 6-12 years respectively). All haematological parameters measured were similar in both malaria parasitaemia positive and negative subjects, except ferritin level which was significantly higher in subjects with malaria parasitaemia (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between ferritin concentration and malaria density (r = 0.85, p < 0.05). From the above findings, it would be concluded that, ferritin estimation without examination for malaria parasitaemia in a malarious region like Nigeria is not reliable. It is also concluded that with the high mean ferritin level obtained in this study for normal children on balanced diet, routine iron supplementation may not be necessary for this group of children in Nigeria.
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PMID:Serum ferritin and other haematological measurements in apparently healthy children with malaria parasitaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. 1150 86

alpha-Thalassemia is a synthesis hemoglobinopathy with a worldwide distribution. alpha-thalassemia-23.7kb (alpha-Thal23.7kb) was investigated by PCR and standard hematologic analysis techniques in 106 pregnant women - 53 heterozygous for hemoglobin (Hb) A and C (AC) and 53 homozygous for the normal Hb A (AA) with similar ages and race ancestry. Eleven (21%) of AC women were alpha-Thal23.7kb heterozygous and 1 (2%) was homozygous, while 12 AA women (23%) were heterozygous. In the AA group, the MCV differed among those with normal alpha genes and those with alpha-Thal23.7kb (P = 0.031). Statistical analysis of AC group patients with normal alpha genes and alpha-Thal23.7kb carriers showed differences in MCV (P = 0.001); MCH (P = 0.003) and Hb C concentrations (P = 0.011). Analysis of AA and AC group patients with normal alpha genes showed differences in RBC (P = 0.033), Hb concentration (P = 0.003) and MCHC (P < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences for any hematologic parameters between AC and AA group patients with the alpha-Thal23.7kb genotype. The AC alpha-Thal23.7kb homozygous women had low hematologic parameters. Serum ferritin levels were normal among the groups studied. These results emphasize the importance of diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hemoglobinopathy carriers during pregnancy in order to administer adequate therapy and avoid further complications for mothers and newborns.
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PMID:alpha-Thalassemia 2, 3.7 kb deletion and hemoglobin AC heterozygosity in pregnancy: a molecular and hematological analysis. 1254 39

Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations were measured in anaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum transferrin receptor concentrations were positively correlated with the percentage of hypochromic cells and negatively correlated with MCH. There was a weak correlation with serum ferritin (sFn) concentration but not with reticulocyte count. Thus, high concentrations of sTfR indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis rather than levels of storage iron in the tissues. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of sFn concentration: those with probable tissue iron deficiency, those with adequate iron stores and those with intermediate values of sFn which did not allow classification. The median sTfR concentration was significantly higher in the iron-deficient group than in the other two groups but because of overlap between the three groups, a single sTfR value was of limited value in determining the level of storage iron in an individual with RA.
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PMID:Single value of serum transferrin receptor is not diagnostic for the absence of iron stores in anaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 1275 91

Evaluation of anemia: Before beginning epoetin treatment, it is essential to evaluate the level of anemia (Hb < 11-12g/dL) by the following measurements: -Hb concentration -Red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) -Reticulocyte count -Iron stores and availability -C-reactive protein (CRP) Target for anemia treatment: The minimum target Hb concentration to be attained is 11 g/dL. The upper limit is established individually on a clinical basis. Pending further data, it is advisable to maintain and not exceed 12 g/dL for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and graft access. Use of iron: At the start of epoetin treatment, 150 mg of iron are needed for every expected increase of 1 g/dL of Hb. It is important to achieve and maintain levels of TSAT > 20%, serum ferritin 100 mcg/L and hypochromic red cells > 6% both before initiating epoetin treatment and during its administration. TSAT levels should not persistently exceed > 50% and serum ferritin > 500 mcg/L. When administering oral iron the dose should be at least 200 mg/die elemental iron; on the other hand, when the intravenous route is used, the dose should be 30-60 mg/IV dose in the form of low molecular weight salts (iron sodium gluconate) while the higher doses should be reserved for patients with transferring levels > 170 mg/dL. Administration of epoetin: The dosage of epoetin is individual with more than tenfold variability among individuals and all aiming at the same target Hb concentration. There are no clinical parameters entirely capable of predicting the necessary dosage. Therapeutic range is very wide, without any toxic effects for clinical use up to 100.000 IU/week. The target Hb concentration is reached in most patients with mild anaemia after 2 months' treatment with 4.000-10.000 epoetin (20-50 mcg darbepoetin alpha) per week. The HB concentration, along with the reticulocyte count, must be checked weekly following initiation and monthly during maintenance. Patients with a stable dose-response during conservative therapy may require less frequent monitoring (every 2-3 months). Inadequate response to epoetin treatment If any resistance is encountered, after excluding all the acute and chronic conditions of inadequate response, the reticulocyte count (severe reduction in the presence of anti erythropoietin antibodies) and the erythropoietin dosage should be measured. The target Hb concentration 11-12 g/dL is maintained in 90-95% of the patients by administering 1.000-30.000 IU of epoetin (5-150 mcg darbepoetin alpha) per week in the presence of adequate reserves of iron. Higher dosages define a state of resistance. Diagnosis of pure red cell (PRCA) from anti-erythropoietin antibodies is confirmed by bone marrow examination (almost total loss of erythroblasts). If antierythropoietin antibodies are present or there is a well founded suspicion of PRCA, the administration of epoetin and other similar treatment should be avoided. Side effects of epoetin treatment: The treatment of anaemia with epoetin does not hasten the progression of CRF. Blood pressure is to be checked regularly during initiation of epoetin and the treatment should be discontinued in cases of refractory hypertension or hypertensive encephalopathy. There should be increased surveillance of graft access, especially in those patients who risk vascular depletion. In general, heparin requirements do not increase but it may be advisable to evaluate a dose increase. PRCA from anti-erythropoietin antibodies has been detected with an incidence ranging from 0.12 to 1.1 cases/every 10 thousand patients treated.
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PMID:[Guidelines for the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure]. 1466 4


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