Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the relationship of serum ferritin to bone marrow iron stores in 73 anemic male medical inpatients with liver disease, alcoholism, chronic inflammatory disease, and malignancies. A correlation of r = 0.75 (P less than .00005) was found between serum ferritin and bone marrow iron stores (BMIS) for the entire group. Liver disease as manifested clinically or by increased levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase did not appear to significantly affect this relationship. Patients with folic acid deficiency did tend to have a disproportionate increase in ferritin in relation to BMIS, but this did not seem to destroy the usefulness of ferritin levels. A useful clinical rule seems to be that serum ferritin of greater than 100 ng/ml tends to exclude iron deficiency, and a level of less than 30 ng/ml tends to confirm decreased iron stores.
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PMID:Ferritin as an index of bone marrow iron stores. 72 24

Fifty-two patients on regular haemodialysis at our institution were evaluated for the presence of HCV infection. Evaluation included detailed history, clinical examination, and monthly screening for anti-HCV antibody, liver enzymes (ALT, AST), serum iron and ferritin. Also, three-monthly screening for other viral markers, HBV (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb), CMV (IgG and IgM), EBV, and HIV. Anti-HCV antibody was found in 21 patients (40.4%). There was a significant (P less than 0.05) relationship between presence of anti-HCV antibody and proportion of patients who received blood transfusion. During a 12-month follow-up, four (11.4%) patients seroconverted to be Anti-HCV positive while one case (4.8%) seroconverted to be anti-HCV negative. The frequency of elevation of liver enzymes was significantly higher in Anti-HCV positive cases (14/18) than in negative cases (11/28, P = 0.01). Evaluation of liver biopsies of 13 patients showed chronic persistent hepatitis in six and chronic active hepatitis in seven cases. We concluded that hepatitis C is a common problem among chronic haemodialysis patients at our institution; HCV infection is documented in 70% of all clinically diagnosed NANB hepatitis. Presence of anti-HCV antibodies cannot differentiate between active and past infection and cases with early HCV infection can be missed when relying on the mere detection of anti-HCV antibodies.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic haemodialysis patients, a clinicopathologic study. 128 48

Thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, magnesium, iron and zinc status, assessed from blood samples, was studied during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. Subjects in exercise (n = 21) and control (n = 18) groups were female university students, aged 18-33 years. Erythrocyte (E) transketolase and glutathione activation coefficient, serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin, blood hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume were similar in both groups throughout the entire study. E-aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient (vitamin B6 status) increased (4%) in exercise and decreased (7%) in control groups (p = 0.04), respectively. E-magnesium was stable in exercise but decreased (4%) in control groups (p = 0.004%). E-zinc increased (9%) in exercise subjects but remained stable in controls (p < 0.0001). A marginally altered vitamin B6 status was the only negative change found in exercise subjects.
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PMID:Micronutrient status in females during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. 147 58

The hepatotoxic effects of hyperthermia have been proposed to be related to lipid peroxidation as a consequence of oxidative stress. This can result from exposure of the cell to "radical oxygen" species such as the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated by the activity of the oxidase form (type O) of xanthine oxidase (XO), which is converted to that form by perfusion of the liver at hyperthermic temperatures. These radical species are not reactive enough in themselves to cause cell damage but require the presence of a catalyst such as low molecular weight chelated iron. In these studies, ferritin was shown to be a source of iron for the oxidative stress of hyperthermia. (a) Iron was released from ferritin in vitro by the activity of rat liver XO. The rate of iron release from ferritin in this incubation system was a function of the amount of type O XO present and the temperature. Inclusion of allopurinol or superoxide dismutase in the incubation resulted in significantly lower rates of iron release. (b) Livers from Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused at 42.5 degrees and 37 degrees C for 1 h. During the recirculating perfusion, loss of iron from the liver into the perfusate was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) at 42.5 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Also, there was a pronounced increase in the lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in the perfusate during perfusion at 42.5 degrees C. Furthermore, intrahepatic levels of low molecular weight chelated iron were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased following perfusion at 42.5 degrees C. All these responses were abrogated by the inclusion of allopurinol in the perfusate. (c) Oxidative stress, assessed by the efflux of glutathione and oxided glutathione from the liver at 42.5 degrees and 37 degrees C, was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased at the hyperthermic temperature. This oxidative stress was inhibited by iron chelation and allopurinol. These results demonstrate that there is a causal relationship between the generation of superoxide by type O XO produced by hyperthermic perfusion and mobilization of iron from ferritin to form a pool of low molecular weight chelated iron. This iron pool in combination with active oxygen species leads to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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PMID:Involvement of xanthine oxidase in oxidative stress and iron release during hyperthermic rat liver perfusion. 155 Oct 99

In patients with thalassemia intermedia in whom hyperabsorption of iron may result in serious organ dysfunction, an orally effective iron-chelating drug would have major therapeutic advantages, especially for the many patients with thalassemia intermedia in the Third World. We report reduction in tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin concentration after 9-month therapy with the oral chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in a 29-year-old man with thalassemia intermedia and clinically significant iron overload (SF 2,174 micrograms/L, transferrin saturation 100%; elevated AST and ALT, abnormal cardiac radionuclide angiogram) who was enrolled in the study with L1 75 mg/kg/day after he refused deferoxamine therapy. L1-Induced 24-hour urinary iron excretion during the first 6 months of therapy was (mean +/- SD, range) 53 +/- 30 (11 to 109) mg (0.77 mg/kg), declining during the last 3 months of L1 to 24 +/- 14 (13-40) mg (0.36 mg/kg), as serum ferritin decreased steadily to normal range (present value, 251 micrograms/L). Dramatic improvement in signal intensity of the liver and mild improvement in that of the heart was shown by comparison of T1-weighted spin echo magnetic resonance imaging with images obtained immediately before L1 administration was observed after 9 months of L1 therapy. Hepatic iron concentration decreased from 14.6 mg/g dry weight of liver before L1 therapy to 1.9 mg/g liver after 9 months of therapy. This constitutes the first report of normalization of serum ferritin concentration in parallel with demonstrated reduction in tissue iron stores as a result of treatment with L1. Use of L1 as a therapeutic option in patients with thalassemia intermedia and iron overload appears warranted.
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PMID:Reduction of tissue iron stores and normalization of serum ferritin during treatment with the oral iron chelator L1 in thalassemia intermedia. 158 21

Eighty patients with chronic viral hepatitis were screened for evidence of iron overload. Elevated serum iron values were noted in 36% of cases; serum ferritin values were above normal in 30% of men and 8% of women. Twenty-eight additional patients with chronic hepatitis for whom liver tissue was available for determination of iron content were evaluated to study the significance of iron overload in association with chronic hepatitis. Although 46% had elevated serum iron, ferritin, or transferrin-saturation levels, the hepatic iron concentration was elevated in only four cases, and the hepatic iron index was in the range for hereditary hemochromatosis (greater than 2.0) in only two of these. Serum aspartate aminotransferase activities correlated with serum ferritin levels in these patients, suggesting that ferritin and iron levels were increased in serum because of their release from hepatocellular stores associated with necrosis. Thus, in patients with chronic hepatitis in whom hereditary hemochromatosis is suspected, a liver biopsy should be performed with quantitation of hepatic iron and calculation of the hepatic iron index to confirm the diagnosis.
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PMID:Measurements of iron status in patients with chronic hepatitis. 842 15

This study was performed to investigate modifications in the serum bilirubin forms, hepatobiliary enzymes, and some glycoproteic substances in patients during the course of extrahepatic cholestasis (stage A) and following its clinical resolution (stage B). The series consisted of 16 patients: 11 had main bile duct stones; two, benign stenosis of the main bile duct; and three, main bile duct cancer. Cholestasis resolved spontaneously in one case, under endoscopy in two, and following surgery in 13. Five patients with liver cirrhosis and a picture of intrahepatic cholestasis following anesthesia were also investigated. Serum bilirubin forms were measured using van den Bergh's method and the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC procedure; the mono- and di-conjugated forms were considered together in the overall evaluation of the results. The hepatobiliary enzymes (ALP, GGT, and AST) were increased at stage A and significantly decreased at stage B. Similar patterns were observed in total (TB), unconjugated (UB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) and in the percentage of CB out of TB (% CB). In the majority of patients, % CB at stage B was lower than at stage A, whereas in subjects with a high initial UB value, a different % CB pattern was observed. The direct bilirubin percentage (% DB), on the other hand, had a different pattern, and the variations between stages A and B were not significant. The pathophysiological bilirubin pattern was similar in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. At stage A, in a number of patients the levels of glycoproteic substances (CA 19-9, TPA and ferritin) were raised, but at stage B they tended to decrease towards the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in bilirubin metabolism during extra- and intrahepatic cholestasis. 160 Mar 31

Eleven patients with beta thalassemia major were entered into the trial of the oral chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1). Their ages ranged from 17 to 26 years (mean +/- SD, 22.3 +/- 2.7). Six were male and five were female. L1 was administered at an initial daily dose of 42.5 to 60 mg/kg as a single dose. After 4 weeks, the dose was increased to 85 to 119 (102 +/- 10.7) mg/kg for 191 to 352 days divided into either two or four doses daily, except for one patient who developed agranulocytosis after 11 weeks and was taken off the trial. Initial serum ferritin values in the remaining 10 patients ranged between 1,000 and 9,580 (5,549 +/- 3,333) micrograms/L and at end of the trial their mean serum ferritin was significantly lower (4,126 +/- 2,278; P less than .05 using the paired t-test). Urinary iron excretion at a daily dose of 85 to 119 mg/kg administered as two divided doses ranged between 0.14 and 0.82 (0.44 +/- 0.26) mg/kg/24 h. In three patients, the four doses per day schedule caused substantially more iron excretion than the same total dose divided into two. During the course of the trial, several possible adverse effects have been encountered. One patient (female, aged 20) developed agranulocytosis 11 weeks after starting treatment and 6 weeks after beginning treatment with a daily dose of 105 mg/kg. This patient's neutrophil count recovered spontaneously 7 weeks after the discontinuation of L1. A decrease in serum zinc levels to subnormal levels was observed in four patients with symptoms of dry skin, with an itchy scaly rash in two that was associated with low serum zinc levels that responded to zinc therapy. Urinary zinc levels ranged from 4.7 to 23.4 (13 +/- 5.5) mumol/24 h and were above 9 mumol/24 h (upper limit of normal) in eight patients. Mild nausea occurred in three patients and transient diarrhea in a fourth. Mild musculoskeletal symptoms occurred in three patients but settled without discontinuation of L1 therapy in two and with temporary discontinuation of L1 in the third. A transient increase in serum aspartate transaminase was also noted in five patients, but serum aspartate transaminase levels subsequently decreased in all of them. No cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, or retinal toxicities were demonstrable. These results confirm that L1 is an effective oral iron chelator. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the incidence and severity of adverse effects.
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PMID:Efficacy and possible adverse effects of the oral iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in thalassemia major. 846 82

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with subcutaneous injections of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo), 20-40 IU kg-1 body weight, 3 times a week, on resting blood pressure, blood pressure response during submaximal exercise, some haematological parameters, and subjective side-effects in 15 healthy male subjects. RhEpo increased both haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) significantly, the values for Hb being 152 +/- 4.2 g l-1 before treatment and 169 +/- 9.3 g l-1 (mean values +/- SD) after 6 weeks of rhEpo treatment (P less than 0.001). The corresponding values for Hct were 44.5 +/- 1.5% and 49.7 +/- 1.9% (P less than 0.001), respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at rest were unchanged after rhEpo treatment. A marked increase in systolic blood pressure was observed during submaximal exercise at 200 W, the initial and final values being 177 +/- 14.2 mmHg and 191 +/- 19.5 mmHg (P less than 0.01), respectively. Heart rate during exercise at 200 W was significantly lower after rhEpo treatment than before it: 144 +/- 15 beats min-1 compared to 136 +/- 8 beats min-1 (P less than 0.001). The leucocyte count remained unchanged after rhEpo treatment, but there was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in the number of lymphocytes. Reticulocyte and platelet counts were unchanged. Serum (S) ferritin decreased from 87.3 +/- 41.8 mmol l-1 to 59.3 +/- 27.8 mmol l-1 after rhEpo treatment (P less than 0.001). Serum-Na, S-K, S-Ca, S-creatinine, S-bilirubin, S-aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), S-alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and S-lactate dehydrogenase (LD) were unchanged after rhEpo treatment. No subjective side-effects were reported. In conclusion, low doses of rhEpo increased Hb levels and Hct by more than 10% after 6 weeks. Blood pressure at rest was unchanged, but rhEpo induced a markedly accentuated blood pressure reaction during exercise. A minor decrease in the lymphocyte count was observed, but electrolyte and creatinine levels remained unchanged after rhEpo treatment.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on blood pressure and some haematological parameters in healthy men. 199 37

To determine the frequency of liver profile abnormalities in hereditary hemochromatosis, we under took a retrospective survey in 100 patients, all of whom had undergone liver biopsy. Liver histology was compared with the biochemical profile, which included aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and albumin determinations. Mild abnormalities in the AST and ALT levels were seen in more than 65% of patients. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly greater elevations in AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase, and a significant decrease in albumin (p less than 0.05). Proband cases had more frequent abnormalities than discovered cases within families. Accordingly, we find that mild abnormalities in the biochemical liver profile are common in hemochromatosis and suggest that patients with an unexplained abnormality in the liver profile should be screened for hemochromatosis with a serum ferritin and transferrin saturation.
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PMID:Biochemical liver profile in hemochromatosis. A survey of 100 patients. 206 47


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