Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal blood loss as well as chronic inflammation are regarded as the most important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of anemia in Crohn's disease. In addition, cytokines such as interleukin-6 can suppress erythropoietin production. This study was performed to investigate the importance of iron status, inflammatory activity, and endogenous erythropoietin concentrations for the development of anemia in Crohn's disease. In 49 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease, hemoglobin, inflammatory activity (Crohn's disease activity index, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein), iron status (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin), and serum erythropoietin levels were studied. Anemic (Hb < 12.0 g/dl; N = 16) vs nonanemic patients (Hb > or = 12 g/dl; N = 33) showed reduced iron compartments (eg, ferritin 28.7 +/- 12.9 micrograms/liter vs 63.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/liter, transferrin saturation 6.2 +/- 1.4% vs 11.5 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01) but no differences in inflammatory activity. An inverse correlation between erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations was found (r = -0.62; P < 0.001), but the increase in erythropoietin levels was inadequate to the degree of anemia. There was no correlation between erythropoietin and interleukin-6 serum levels. Four of five anemic patients with hemoglobin below 10.5 g/dl and erythropoietin levels within the normal range were treated with parenteral iron (200 mg iron saccharate in 250 ml NaCl, weekly, intravenously). Two of them additionally received recombinant human erythropoietin (150 units/kg, 3x weekly, subcutaneously). After five weeks all patients had a marked increase in hemoglobin. However, the mean increase in erythropoietin-treated patients was 5.0 g/dl compared to 2.0 g/dl in the patients with iron therapy only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anemia in Crohn's disease. Importance of inadequate erythropoietin production and iron deficiency. 808 99

The present investigation evaluated the serum transferrin receptor concentration in subjects with nontransfusional iron overload who were identified in two separate studies on the basis of a serum ferritin level above 400 micrograms/L. Subjects with preclinical hereditary hemochromatosis were evaluated in the first study and those with the African form of iron overload in the second. In the first study, hereditary hemochromatosis was identified in 14 white men on the basis of a persistent elevation in transferrin saturation above 55%. The serum receptor concentration was elevated above the upper cut-off of 8.5 mg/L in two of the subjects, but the mean receptor of 6.1 +/- 1.4 mg/L (mean +/- 2 SE) did not differ significantly from the normal mean for this assay of 5.6 +/- 0.3 mg/L. In the same study, 60 control subjects with secondary iron overload were identified on the basis of a serum ferritin persistently above 400 micrograms/L, with a normal serum C-reactive protein concentration but with a transferrin saturation < 55%. Three of these subjects had an elevated serum receptor concentration but the mean value of 5.5 +/- 0.4 mg/L did not differ from normals nor from subjects with hemochromatosis. In the second study, 49 black Africans with iron overload were divided into those with or without an elevated transferrin saturation. The mean serum receptor concentration of 5.0 +/- 0.8 mg/L and 4.5 +/- 0.4 mg/L, respectively, did not differ statistically. It was concluded that there is no evidence of generalized dysregulation of the transferrin receptor in hemochromatosis or African siderosis.
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PMID:Serum transferrin receptor in hereditary hemochromatosis and African siderosis. 817 99

Over a 9-year period, twelve patients (8 boys, 4 girls), from 3 to 14 years old, were diagnosed as having Still's disease. Intermittent spiking high fever, poly- or pauci- articular arthritis, and typical evanescent skin rash were the most prominent clinical features. Hemogram examinations showed that 36% of the patients had anemia, ninety-two percent had neutrophilic leukocytosis and 78% had thrombocytosis. Serologically, none had positive results of rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibody. Serum ferritin level was obtained from six patients and all revealed marked elevation during active disease. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were both invariably elevated. Immunologically, elevated serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and complements (C3, C4) were found in 33%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, eighty percent of patients showed an increased serum level of circulating immune complexes. Aspirin (ASA) was used in all patients, but 92% of them required non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in combination to get a better response. Sixty-seven percent of patients needed corticosteroids to control the acute systemic manifestations. Other disease-modifying agents were also used in 33% of our patients. ASA-induced liver function impairment was found in two cases. In addition, one patient experienced an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Generally speaking, the overall prognosis was good. One patient (8%) died of internal bleeding after a needle liver biopsy.
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PMID:Still's disease: experience in 12 children. 823 59

A total of 14,740 schoolchildren in seven provinces of Shoa Administrative Region in Central Ethiopia were surveyed for the prevalence of goitre, xerophthalmia and anaemia. Haemoglobin and packed cell volume were assessed in 966 children in one province while an in-depth study was conducted on 344 children in the same province and two others. Goitre, xerophthalmia (Bitot's spots) and clinical anaemia were observed in 34.2, 0.91 and 18.6% respectively of the children. Most biochemical variables were within the normal range while those of haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) and urinary I excretion were lower, and mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and immunoglobulins G and M were higher. Hb was strongly correlated with retinol, ferritin, MCHC, MCH, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count while retinol formed a triad with transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) which were all correlated with one another. Total and free thyroxin and total and free triiodothyronine were positively correlated as were the concentrations of the total and free hormones. Thyrotropin (TSH) was negatively correlated with total and free thyroxin and positively correlated with free triiodothyronine. Thyroxin and triiodothyronine in both free and combined forms were all correlated with thyroxin-binding globulin which in turn was negatively correlated with the triad retinol, RBP and TTR. The triad was also negatively correlated with C-reactive protein. Urinary I excretion was positively associated with total thyroxin and negatively associated with TSH. The anaemia found was not nutritional in origin but due to the effect of infestation with intestinal parasites and malaria.
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PMID:Interrelationship between vitamin A, iodine and iron status in schoolchildren in Shoa Region, central Ethiopia. 826 Apr 84

To examine the effects of concurrent infection on population-based assessment of trace element status, we collected data on clinical signs and laboratory indicators of infection when obtaining blood for serum zinc, copper, and ferritin analyses in 153 Peruvian children aged 11-19 mo. Fifty-two (34.7%) of the children had some reported sign of infection and 43 (28.3%) had elevated C-reactive protein concentrations or leukocytosis. Children with any evidence of infection had marginally lower mean (+/- SD) serum zinc concentrations (7.0 +/- 2.3 vs 7.5 +/- 2.0 mumol/L, P = 0.16) and significantly greater serum copper (24.7 +/- 4.7 vs 22.7 +/- 4.2 mumol/L, P = 0.006) and serum ferritin concentrations (10.0 +/- 12.9 vs 3.9 +/- 4.4 micrograms/L, P < 0.001) than did those without infections. Infection caused an underestimation in the rate of low copper status by 1 percentage point and low iron status by 12 percentage points. Thus, the effect of concurrent infections is of variable magnitude and may differ by nutrient, nutritional status of the population, and prevalence and severity of infections.
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PMID:Potential magnitude of the misclassification of a population's trace element status due to infection: example from a survey of young Peruvian children. 837 12

In late 1988 in Ethiopia, a physician and a nutritionist examined 240 registered children in the village of Melkaye (Farmers' Association No. 34) in Darolobo District of Habro Province for vitamin A deficiency. These children had been dependent on food aid because of consistent drought and crop failures since, at least, 1982. The food aid, which was the main food source, included food deficient in vitamin A and beta-carotene: wheat flour, vegetable oil, butter-oil, and beans. 53.2% of the boys and 43.1% of the girls had at least 1 sign of vitamin A deficiency, especially night blindness, an early manifestation of vitamin A deficiency. 28.8% of all children had night blindness without signs of xerophthalmia compared with the WHO cut-off point of 1%. (The cut-off point is used to determine the public health significance of vitamin A deficiency.) 6.7% had Bitot's spots compared with a cut-off point of 0.5%. 7.1% had corneal xerosis/ulceration compared with a cut-off point of .01%. 5.8% had corneal scars compared with a cut-off point of .05%. 30.2% had a serum retinol level less than .35 mcmol/l compared with a cut-off point of 5%. 17 of 70 children (24.3%) who had died in the last 2 years had ruptured or damaged eye(s). The median levels of serum retinol-binding protein, iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin were lower than normal levels. On the other hand, parameters of iodine status, total triiodothyronine, and total thyroxine and thyrotropin were all normal. 78.8% and 82.4% of the children experienced high levels of IgG and IgM, respectively. 42.4% had high C-reactive protein levels. Wasting was more common than stunting (33% vs. 10%). 8% suffered from both stunting and wasting. The severity of xerophthalmia was perhaps the most severe ever recorded and prompted health workers to distribute vitamin A capsules to all children in Melkaye and nearby villages.
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PMID:Severe vitamin A deficiency in a rural village in the Hararge region of Ethiopia. 843 88

Highly specialized, state-of-the-art diagnostic tests are available for identifying congenital and acquired immune defects. These methods should only be resorted to when less complicated means have created suspicion of an immune defect. The case history, including the family history, represents the core of the diagnostic procedure. Initially, only simple clinical investigations are indicated. These should enable the physician to exclude or delimit a defect in the immune system which then can be defined more closely by specific tests. Screening includes clinical chemistry (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total serum protein, serum electrophoresis, C-reactive protein, blood count including differential blood count, ferritin, urine analysis, and a quantitative assay of the immunoglobulins A, G and M), bacteriological, serological, and radiological investigations, and finally skin tests with recall antigens. Thereby, it is usually possible to reliably detect primary B cell defects with humoral antibody deficiency syndromes. Lymphocyte subset counts, immunoelectrophoresis, and bone marrow biopsy are necessary for the differential diagnosis, or for the confirmation, of malignant lymphatic proliferation, especially in adults. IgG subclass defects as well as granulocyte dysfunction and complement defects must be excluded in patients who are susceptible to bacterial infection despite normal immunoglobulin concentrations. In suspected cases of primary or secondary (HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus) T cell defects, lymphocyte subset counts and, where applicable, T cell function tests are indicated. The majority of secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, in which the primary disease is known, do not currently require specialized diagnosis. Nevertheless, monitoring of the lymphocyte subsets in HIV-positive patients has already become standard practice in health care (for evaluating the prognosis and deciding on the therapy).
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PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of immune deficiency]. 849 52

Weight loss and impaired nutritional status are associated with increased complications following surgery. This study aimed to assess the effect of nutritional status on the magnitude of the acute phase protein response, and determine if this is associated with changes in the magnitude of the related cytokine responses. Nineteen patients (10 wellnourished, 9 malnourished on the basis of body composition) undergoing major abdominal surgery were studied by frequent blood sampling in the early postoperative period. There was a significant reduction in the plasma C-reactive protein response in the malnourished group, but no difference between the groups in the responses of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, or in the trace elements iron or zinc, which reflect induction of ferritin and metallothionein. There was an early increase in IL-6, soluble receptors of TNF, and in IL-1 receptor antagonist in both groups, but no detectable increase in plasma IL-1 or TNF. There was no difference between the wellnourished and malnourished group for any of these markers of activation of the cytokine network. Weight loss is therefore associated with a reduction in aspects of the acute phase response, but this is due to impaired effectiveness rather than reduced magnitude of the cytokine response.
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PMID:The effect of nutritional status on the cytokine and acute phase protein responses to elective surgery. 858 69

Free radicals have been suspected to play a role in the pathogenicity of alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the status of several antioxidant parameters in these patients and examine the factors that are likely to influence them. Thirty-five subjects (23 males and 12 females, mean age 48 +/- 8 years) with disease proven by endoscopic pancreatography and 14 healthy controls (6 males and 8 females, mean age 44 +/- 7 years) were included in the study. Biochemical antioxidant parameters included: selenium, zinc, and copper levels in plasma; glutathione peroxidase in plasma and erythrocytes; plasma malondialdehyde concentrations assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactants; and serum vitamin E and A levels. Selenium and vitamin E oral intake was assessed by a five-day diet analysis. Hemoglobin (130 +/- 16 vs 143 +/- 15 g/liter), vitamin E (8 +/- 5 vs 16 +/- 9 mg/liter), vitamin A (30 +/- 11 vs 49 +/- 12 micrograms/dl), selenium (54 +/- 20 vs 87 +/- 11 micrograms/liter), and plasma glutathione peroxidase (903 +/- 313 vs 1326 +/- 168 units/liter) were significantly lower in patients than in controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and plasma copper levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, ferritin, total proteins, zinc, and malondialdehyde were not different. Vitamin E was lower in patients with steatorrhea, while vitamin A was lower in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Dietary intakes were not different between patients and controls. In conclusion, patients with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis have low blood levels in many antioxidant factors. Dietary intakes of some of them (selenium and vitamin E) are adequate, however. Such deficiencies are secondary to pancreatic insufficiency and probably to increased requirements related to enhanced oxidative stress.
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PMID:Deficiency in antioxidant factors in patients with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis. 865 56

The authors compared the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in combination with iron with that of iron therapy only in the treatment of postpartum anaemia. Ninety patients (30 patients/group) received either rhEPO (300 U kg-1, i.v. or s.c., once) and iron (parenteral and oral), or iron therapy only. Erythropoiesis was assessed by haemoglobin and haematocrit increase, absolute reticulocyte counting and reticulocyte flow cytometry. Ferrokinetics was assessed by serum ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation measurements. There was no difference before therapy for baseline haematological values or iron status. Patients with endogenous EPO levels below 145 mU mL-1 had a significant benefit from intravenous rhEPO administration with highest haematocrit and haemoglobin levels 4 and 14 days after therapy. rhEPO-treated groups showed a higher absolute reticulocyte count 1 and 4 days after therapy and an elevated percentage of high fluorescent reticulocytes (HFRs). Parenteral iron therapy caused a significant increase of ferritin and transferrin saturation, while transferrin concentration decreased. Ferritin and transferrin levels were lowest after i.v. administration of rhEPO, 1 and 4 days after therapy. C-reactive protein concentration was highest in patients who underwent caesarean section until the end of the observation period. A single dose of rhEPO in combination with iron was more effective in treating postpartum anaemia than iron therapy only, in patients who had low EPO levels despite peripartal blood loss. Postpartum low endogenous EPO levels might be a consequence of inhibiting inflammatory cytokines that are released after spontaneous or operative deliveries.
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PMID:Use of recombinant human erythropoietin in combination with parenteral iron in the treatment of postpartum anaemia. 890 21


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