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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrastructural analysis of the cell surface and of membrane components such as antigens or receptor sites by scanning immunoelectron microscopy (immuno-SEM) has been the subject of extensive investigation during the past few years. We review the various immunologic and cytochemical techniques applied to SEM, which have employed latex particles, viruses, bacteriophages, protein A, ferritin, gold granules, hemocyanin and peroxidase as markers, and the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. From current data, it is clear that immuno-SEM has much to offer in determining the distribution of specific cell surface sites and in positive and unambiguous identification of cell types in heterogeneous cell populations.
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PMID:Scanning immunoelectron microscopy markers. 22 92

In this report, conditions for attaining high resolution in scanning electron microscopy with soft biological specimens are described using the currently available high resolution scanning electron microscopes in emission mode of low energy electrons (secondary and charging electrons). Retinal rod outer segments, red blood cells, intestinal mucosa, and ferritin molecules were all used as biological test specimens. From uncoated specimens a new source of signal, referred to as a discharge signal, can provide a high yield of low energy electrons from an excitation area approximately the size of the beam's cross section. Additionally, under these conditions sufficient topographic contrast can be achieved by applying ultra thin metal coatins. A 0.5 nm thick gold film is found sufficient for generating the total signal, whereas increased coating thickness causes additional topographic background signal. However, a 2.0 nm film is needed for imaging surface details with the present instrument. Ultra thin, even, and grainless tantalum films have been found effective in eliminating the charging artifacts caused by external fields, and the decoration artifacts caused by crystal growth as seen in gold films. To improve, in high magnification work on ultra thin coated specimen, signal-to-noise ratio, methods for obtaining saturation of the signal with discharge electrons are shown. The necessity of confirming the information obtained in SEM by independent techniques (TEM of stereo-replicas or ultra thin sections) is discussed.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopy at macromolecular resolution in low energy mode on biological specimens coated with ultra thin metal films. 39 3

The water-rich phase (tissue channels) of the intersititial tissue in rat ileum, knee joint capsules, kidneys, and implanted Guyton's capsules was examined electron microscopically by the SEM of plastic injection models, and by TEM and HVEM of ferrocyanide and ferritin as tracers. It was shown that the channels do in fact exist, and are not just vacuoles. Quantitative estimations of their numbers and diameters were made. These agreed well with estimates made by other methods.
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PMID:The quantitative morphology of interstitial tissue channels in some tissues of the rat and rabbit. 72 12

Renal bone disease is an important cause of morbidity in patients on dialysis. The prevalence of renal bone disease, especially aluminium related bone disease, has not been studied in the Singapore dialysis population. As such, we studied 45 haemodialysis patients for renal bone disease using biochemical and radiological parameters. Selected patients underwent a renal biopsy. There were 29 males and 16 females, mean (+/- SEM) age, 44.6 +/- 13.4 years. The duration of haemodialysis ranged from two months to ten years, mean 18.5 months. 75.4% of patients had hyperphosphatasemia, 24.4% had hypocalcemia and two patients had hypercalcemia. There was a wide range in the serum parathyroid hormone levels and 55.4% of patients had serum parathyroid hormone levels > 1000 pmol/L. Patients with symptoms and radiological abnormalities had significantly higher serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels than those without (P < 0.005). The desferrioxamine infusion test was positive, with an increment in serum aluminium (DL) > 100 mg/L in five patients. Skeletal survey was positive for renal bone disease in 24.4% of patients. There was a significant correlation between the serum parathyroid hormone level, DA1 and the duration of dialysis (r = 0.752, p < 0.001 and r = 0.837, p < 0.001 respectively). There was no correlation between serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate levels and DA1. The serum haemoglobin concentration and ferritin levels did not show a correlation with DA1. Bone biopsy revealed hyperparathyroid bone disease in two patients, aluminium-related bone disease in one patient and mixed uraemic osteodystrophy in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal bone disease in patients on haemodialysis: biochemical and radiological assessment. 129 14

Although erythropoietin (Epo) is known to correct anaemia in dialysis and pre-dialysis patients, there is limited experience with its use in immunosuppressed patients suffering from chronic renal graft dysfunction. We report the results of a pilot study of Epo in seven patients with failing grafts and normocytic normochromic anaemia attributable to renal failure. All entering patients had controlled blood pressure and serum ferritin greater than 100 micrograms/l. Three patients were taking triple immunotherapy (prednisone/azathioprine/cyclosporin), two patients prednisone/azathioprine, and two patients CsA monotherapy. Study duration mean was 15 +/- 2 (SEM) weeks, and Epo was started at 4000 units subcutaneously (s.c.) once weekly, adjusted to achieve a target haemoglobin (Hb) of 100 g/l. Mean Hb at initiation was 68 +/- 5 g/l and significantly increased to 96 +/- 6 at end of follow-up, P less than 10(-4). All patients responded. Maintenance Epo dosage was 120 +/- 32 U/kg bodyweight/week, roughly 4000 units/week. There was no significant change in serum creatinine: pre-study 392 +/- 45 mumol/l; post-study 430 +/- 62 mumol/l. There were no complications but blood pressure did rise significantly: pre- 124 +/- 11/74 +/- 4 mmHg to post- 142 +/- 10/86 +/- 3, P less than 0.05 for systolic and diastolic. Low-dose s.c. Epo effectively corrects anaemia in graft failure despite azathioprine and/or CsA therapy, without obvious acceleration of graft failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low-dose subcutaneous erythropoietin corrects the anaemia of renal transplant failure. 131 75

Serum from homozygous hypotransferrinaemic mice (a mixed group of males and females, aged 6-8 wk) was found to contain low levels of iron (mean 0.9 +/- 0.5 microM (SEM, n = 4), as assayed by conventional serum iron assays. Similarly, low levels of non-transferrin-bound iron were determined with a nitrilotriacetate chelation assay (1.3 +/- 0.4 microM, n = 4) (Singh, S., Hider, R.C. and Porter, J.B. (1990) Analytical Biochemistry 186, 320-323). Mononuclear Fe (citrate) was undectable by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Significantly larger quantities of iron (16 +/- 5 microM, n = 8) were detected by the bleomycin assay (Gutteridge, J.M.C., Rowley, D.A. and Halliwell, B. (1981) Biochemical Journal 199, 263-265), while non-haem iron assay or atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed up to 96 microM iron. Haemoglobin iron was detectable at approximately 10 microM by spectrophotometry. Ferri-haem was undetectable by EPR spectroscopy. Serum ferritin levels of 641 +/- 128 micrograms/l (n = 14) in hypotransferrinaemic mice (wild-types 44 +/- 6 micrograms/l, n = 14) were observed and these cannot account for the non-transferrin-bound iron. Hypotransferrinaemic mouse serum therefore contains large quantities of non-transferrin-bound iron which is unreactive in some assays used to detect such iron in human iron overload. Fractionation by Sephadex G200 chromatography revealed three distinct species with apparent molecular weights of > or = 150 kDa, 40-80 kDa and 1-5 kDa. The iron may be distinguished from known extracellular iron proteins and haem-proteins by its availability to hot acid extractions.
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PMID:Non-transferrin-bound iron species in the serum of hypotransferrinaemic mice. 133 84

1. The distribution and amount of ferritin in the glomeruli following intravenous injection of radiolabeled ferritin (125I-ferritin) was studied in 25 normal rats and in 25 rats with membranous nephropathy. The animals used were male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g at the beginning of the experiment. Membranous nephropathy was induced by repeated iv injections of 1.0 mg cationic bovine serum albumin during 28 days. 2. At the end of the experiment the animals received 125I-ferritin iv and were sacrificed 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h later, and the glomeruli were isolated. 3. Mean (+/- SEM) levels of 125I-ferritin in the glomeruli reported as cpm/mg protein in rats injected with cationic bovine serum albumin were: 731.8 +/- 155.6 after 2 h, 946.4 +/- 268.2 after 6 h, 565.4 +/- 143.5 after 12 h, 251.8 +/- 26.5 after 24 h, and 202 +/- 29.1 after 36 h. Mean (+/- SEM) 125I-ferritin in normal rats were: 2 h: 256.2 +/- 44.6; 6 h: 214.2 +/- 8.78; 12 h: 198.2 +/- 32.2; 24 h: 51.5 +/- 3.57; 36 h: 40.6 +/- 5.48. 125I-ferritin levels in the glomeruli isolated from rats injected with cationic bovine serum albumin were significantly higher than in control rats at 2, 6, 24 and 36 h. 4. The distribution of ferritin in the glomeruli was studied by a direct immunofluorescence technique. Normal and nephrotic rats showed ferritin in the glomerular mesangium only, with similar pattern and intensity. 5. These data show that rats with membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin presented an increased macromolecule uptake by the glomerular mesangium. However, the mechanism underlying this mesangial overloading is still unknown.
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PMID:Mesangial overload in experimental membranous nephropathy. 134 23

Eleven anemic children and adolescents with a median age of 14 years (range six months-20 years) on chronic hemodialysis were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) intravenously three times a week for an average of 9.2 months. After eight weeks of therapy, hematocrit rose from 20.3 +/- 1.4% to 31.7 +/- 0.7% (0.20 +/- 0.01 to 0.31 +/- 0.007, p less than 0.001, mean +/- SEM). After reaching the target hematocrit of 30% to 33% (0.30 to 0.33), doses were adjusted individually. Blood transfusions were eliminated in all but one patient. All patients experienced an increase in appetite and energy level. Serum ferritin concentrations decreased in all patients who reached target hematocrit and seven required iron supplementation. Hypertension worsened in two patients and developed in two others. One patient's vascular access clotted. Dialysis efficiency and heparin requirements during dialysis did not change significantly. We conclude that rHuEPO is safe, effective, and should be recommended as treatment for anemia in children and adolescents on hemodialysis, but close monitoring for the development of hypertension and/or iron deficiency is necessary.
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PMID:Therapy of renal anemia in children and adolescents with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). 154 82

Infants of diabetic mothers frequently have polycythemia, elevated serum erythropoietin concentrations, and decreased serum iron and ferritin concentrations, likely representing a redistribution of fetal iron into erythrocytes to support augmented fetal hemoglobin synthesis. We hypothesized that fetal liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations are also reduced in these infants. After obtaining autopsy tissue from infants who had died before 7 days of age, we measured liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seven infants of diabetic mothers and seven gestational age-matched control infants were studied. All infants of diabetic mothers had pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia, indicating fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Liver iron concentrations in the infants of diabetic mothers were 6.6% of control values (489.0 +/- 154.4 vs 7379.7 +/- 1473.8 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight (mean +/- SEM); p less than 0.001), heart iron concentrations were 43.9% of control values (124.7 +/- 20.5 vs 284.1 +/- 34.8 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight; p less than 0.002), and brain iron concentrations were 60.6% of control values (106.1 +/- 13.7 vs 175.2 +/- 10.7 micrograms/gm dry tissue weight; p less than 0.003). Heart and brain iron concentrations were directly correlated with liver iron concentrations (r = 0.80 for both; p less than 0.001) and indicated that hepatic iron was greater than 75% depleted before heart and brain iron reduction. We conclude that severely affected infants of diabetic mothers have reduced liver, heart, and brain iron concentrations. The role of tissue iron deficiency in the genesis of the abnormal clinical findings in these infants deserves further consideration.
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PMID:Iron deficiency of liver, heart, and brain in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. 162 67

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of renal anemia, but the dose regimens have not been established. We studied the effects of subcutaneous rhuEPO given 4,000U (1 vial) every 5-10 days in 9 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Ten stable CAPD patients (6 females and 4 males; mean age +/- SEM, 54.4 +/- 5.6 years; mean baseline hemoglobin concentration 7.3 +/- 1.2g/dL) were commenced on s.c. rhuEPO. None of the patients had a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, aluminum overload, sepsis nor receiving androgens. Seven patients were receiving 4,000 U rhuEPO weekly, one patient each was receiving 4,000 U every 5 and 10 days (range, 66.7-89.3 U/kg/week). The dose was adjusted every 4 weeks according to response by altering the dose interval. The mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 7.3 +/- 1.2 g/dL to 10.3 +/- 1.1 g/dL over 8 weeks. There was no significant changes in the serum ferritin, urea, creatinine and potassium levels. One patient required an increase in antihypertensive therapy. We feel that s.c. rhuEPO 4,000 U given on an intermittent basis is effective in the treatment of anemia in CAPD patients. The administration of a single vial each time is convenient and cost sparing. The gradual rise in hematocrit avoids complications.
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PMID:Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in patients on CAPD. 168 Apr 47


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