Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Excessive hemosiderin-laden perivascular macrophages have been described in the brains of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who underwent autopsy; its meaning remains unclear. In the brains of 53 patients with AIDS who consecutively underwent autopsy, we quantified the abnormality, elucidated its relationship to the pathologic features of AIDS, and asked if there was some relationship to endogenous iron storage and transport proteins in brain macrophages and microglia. The number of perivascular siderotic macrophages was significantly increased in patients with AIDS compared with age-matched control subjects. Macrophage siderosis was strongly correlated with the presence of disseminated mycobacterial infection and vacuolar myelopathy at autopsy; a generalized wasting (cachexia) also was related significantly. Many other pathologic abnormalities were not related, including putative human immunodeficiency virus-specific neuropathologic changes such as multinucleated cells and myelin pallor. Activated macrophages and microglial cells in the central nervous system had dense intracytoplasmic accumulation of ferritin (iron storage protein) in AIDS and non-AIDS patients. These results suggest that siderosis of cerebral macrophages is related to an ill-defined nonspecific systemic imbalance associated with the breakdown of abundant stores of endogenous intracellular ferritin. Understanding chronic "secondary" effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection will become increasingly important as improved survival in patients with AIDS is realized.
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PMID:Siderotic cerebral macrophages in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 158 Jul 55

In late 1988 in Ethiopia, a physician and a nutritionist examined 240 registered children in the village of Melkaye (Farmers' Association No. 34) in Darolobo District of Habro Province for vitamin A deficiency. These children had been dependent on food aid because of consistent drought and crop failures since, at least, 1982. The food aid, which was the main food source, included food deficient in vitamin A and beta-carotene: wheat flour, vegetable oil, butter-oil, and beans. 53.2% of the boys and 43.1% of the girls had at least 1 sign of vitamin A deficiency, especially night blindness, an early manifestation of vitamin A deficiency. 28.8% of all children had night blindness without signs of xerophthalmia compared with the WHO cut-off point of 1%. (The cut-off point is used to determine the public health significance of vitamin A deficiency.) 6.7% had Bitot's spots compared with a cut-off point of 0.5%. 7.1% had corneal xerosis/ulceration compared with a cut-off point of .01%. 5.8% had corneal scars compared with a cut-off point of .05%. 30.2% had a serum retinol level less than .35 mcmol/l compared with a cut-off point of 5%. 17 of 70 children (24.3%) who had died in the last 2 years had ruptured or damaged eye(s). The median levels of serum retinol-binding protein, iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin were lower than normal levels. On the other hand, parameters of iodine status, total triiodothyronine, and total thyroxine and thyrotropin were all normal. 78.8% and 82.4% of the children experienced high levels of IgG and IgM, respectively. 42.4% had high C-reactive protein levels. Wasting was more common than stunting (33% vs. 10%). 8% suffered from both stunting and wasting. The severity of xerophthalmia was perhaps the most severe ever recorded and prompted health workers to distribute vitamin A capsules to all children in Melkaye and nearby villages.
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PMID:Severe vitamin A deficiency in a rural village in the Hararge region of Ethiopia. 843 88

The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was investigated among 1,210 school girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. A dietary and socio-economic status questionnaire was administered and heamoglobin (Hb), serum iron and ferritin were estimated. Wasting and stunting is common among the 7- and 14-year-old girls. A total of 8.5% of children showed Hb level below 10 g/dL while 55.4% showed Hb level below 12 g/dL. It was found that 26.3% of the girls have serum iron below 10 mumol/dL while 16.1% of subsample of the girls showed serum ferritin level of less than 12 micrograms/dL. The most affected ones are those in the age group of 7-14 years old. The dietary questionnaire revealed that 16.5% of the girls did not take breakfast at home and depend on snacks offered in the school canteen which consist mostly of biscuits, chocolate bars, potato chips and carbonated cola drinks. No association between education of mother and father and breakfast consumption at home was detected. Tea drinking is common among these girls while fresh fruits and vegetable consumption is infrequent. Iron deficiency anaemia is highly prevalent among these schoolgirls which seriously affects the growth of 7- and 14-year-old girls. An in-depth investigation of the etiological factors of iron deficiency is urgently needed and meanwhile a suitable iron supplementation program is recommended.
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PMID:Prevalence of nutritional anaemia among primary school girls in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. 1071 69

Lack of adequate food and in particular high quality protein, is one of the causes of malnutrition in children which could result in retarded growth. Iron deficiency is common in populations where protein sources are of vegetable origin; however in northern Mexico where the bean consumption is high, anemia is not a problem. The primary staples in the Mexican diet are corn tortillas and beans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric condition of children 4-6 years old living in the city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico and to determine the prevalence of anemia. Mean Z scores for children 4-6 years old living in poor conditions in the city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico showed significant differences between socioeconomic groups (p<0.002) for height/age (H/A) and weight/age (W/A) (p<0.001) after adjusting for age and sex. Weight/height (W/H) was not different (p=0.30). By using the Waterlow classification system, 28.8% of the pre-school children of this study were stunted and only 0.9% were classified as wasted. There were no children that presented both stunting and wasting. Iron deficiency was very prevalent in both boys and girls, ranging from 56-79% depending on the indicator used. When classified by the combination of serum ferritin, % transferrin saturation and hemoglobin values, 23.7% of the children were classified as anemic, 11.9% in a state of iron deficiency and 13.6% with low iron reserves.
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PMID:Prevalence of undernutrition and iron deficiency in pre-school children from different socioeconomic regions in the city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. 1134 90

Murine adenocarcinoma 16 (MAC16) tumors and cell lines induce cachexia in NMRI nude mice, whereas histologically similar MAC13 tumors do not. After confirming these findings in BALB/c nude mice, we demonstrated that this tissue wasting was not related to decreased food intake or increased total body oxidative metabolism. Previous studies have suggested that MAC16's cachexigenic properties may involve the production of tumor-specific factors. We therefore screened for genes having increased expression in the MAC16 compared with the MAC13 cell line by performing hybridization to a murine cDNA expression array, by generation and comparison of cDNA libraries from each cell line, and by PCR-based subtractive hybridization. Northern blot hybridization was performed to confirm differences in transcript expression. Transcripts encoding insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, cathepsin B, ferritin light and heavy chain, endogenous long-terminal repeat sequences, and a viral envelope glycoprotein demonstrated increased expression in the MAC16 cell line. The roles of a number of these genes in known metabolic pathways identify them as potential participants in the induction of cachexia.
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PMID:Differential gene expression in a murine model of cancer cachexia. 1144 Sep 5

Iron deficiency and helminth infections are two common conditions of children in developing countries. The consequences of helminth infection in young children are not well described, and the efficacy of low dose iron supplementation is not well documented in malaria-endemic settings. A 12-mo randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial of 10 mg daily iron and/or mebendazole (500 mg) every 3 mo was conducted in a community-based sample of 459 Zanzibari children age 6-71 mo with hemoglobin > 70 g/L at baseline. The trial was designed to examine treatment effects on growth, anemia and appetite in two age subgroups. Iron did not affect growth retardation, hemoglobin concentration or mild or moderate anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L or < 90 g/L, respectively), but iron significantly improved serum ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Mebendazole significantly reduced wasting malnutrition. but only in children <30 mo old. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for mebendazole in this age group were 0.38 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.90) for weight-for-height less than -1 Z-score and 0.29 (0.09, 0.91) for small arm circumference. In children <24 mo old, mebendazole also reduced moderate anemia (AOR: 0.41, 0.18, 0.94). Both iron and mebendazole improved children's appetite, according to mothers' report. In this study, iron's effect on anemia was limited, likely constrained by infection, inflammation and perhaps other nutrient deficiencies. Mebendazole treatment caused unexpected and significant reductions in wasting malnutrition and anemia in very young children with light infections. We hypothesize that incident helminth infections may stimulate inflammatory immune responses in young children, with deleterious effects on protein metabolism and erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Low dose daily iron supplementation improves iron status and appetite but not anemia, whereas quarterly anthelminthic treatment improves growth, appetite and anemia in Zanzibari preschool children. 1474 71

High levels of Silver (Ag), Barium (Ba) and Strontium (Sr) and low levels of copper (Cu) have been measured in the antlers, soils and pastures of the deer that are thriving in the chronic wasting disease (CWD) cluster zones in North America in relation to the areas where CWD and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have not been reported. The elevations of Ag, Ba and Sr were thought to originate from both natural geochemical and artificial pollutant sources--stemming from the common practise of aerial spraying with 'cloud seeding' Ag or Ba crystal nuclei for rain making in these drought prone areas of North America, the atmospheric spraying with Ba based aerosols for enhancing/refracting radar and radio signal communications as well as the spreading of waste Ba drilling mud from the local oil/gas well industry across pastureland. These metals have subsequently bioconcentrated up the foodchain and into the mammals who are dependent upon the local Cu deficient ecosystems. A dual eco-prerequisite theory is proposed on the aetiology of TSEs which is based upon an Ag, Ba, Sr or Mn replacement binding at the vacant Cu/Zn domains on the cellular prion protein (PrP)/sulphated proteoglycan molecules which impairs the capacities of the brain to protect itself against incoming shockbursts of sound and light energy. Ag/Ba/Sr chelation of free sulphur within the biosystem inhibits the viable synthesis of the sulphur dependent proteoglycans, which results in the overall collapse of the Cu mediated conduction of electric signals along the PrP-proteoglycan signalling pathways; ultimately disrupting GABA type inhibitory currents at the synapses/end plates of the auditory/circadian regulated circuitry, as well as disrupting proteoglycan co-regulation of the growth factor signalling systems which maintain the structural integrity of the nervous system. The resulting Ag, Ba, Sr or Mn based compounds seed piezoelectric crystals which incorporate PrP and ferritin into their structure. These ferrimagnetically ordered crystals multireplicate and choke up the PrP-proteoglycan conduits of electrical conduction throughout the CNS. The second stage of pathogenesis comes into play when the pressure energy from incoming shock bursts of low frequency acoustic waves from low fly jets, explosions, earthquakes, etc. (a key eco-characteristic of TSE cluster environments) are absorbed by the rogue 'piezoelectric' crystals, which duly convert the mechanical pressure energy into an electrical energy which accumulates in the crystal-PrP-ferritin aggregates (the fibrils) until a point of 'saturation polarization' is reached. Magnetic fields are generated on the crystal surface, which initiate chain reactions of deleterious free radical mediated spongiform neurodegeneration in surrounding tissues. Since Ag, Ba, Sr or Mn based piezoelectric crystals are heat resistant and carry a magnetic field inducing pathogenic capacity, it is proposed that these ferroelectric crystal pollutants represent the transmissible, pathogenic agents that initiate TSE.
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PMID:Elevated silver, barium and strontium in antlers, vegetation and soils sourced from CWD cluster areas: do Ag/Ba/Sr piezoelectric crystals represent the transmissible pathogenic agent in TSEs? 1523 78

Approximately one-third of low-income women and children studied in Guatemala are reported to have deficient (<148 pmol/L) or marginal (148-220 pmol/L) plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations. Because vitamin B-12 deficiency can adversely affect infant development and cognitive function, the present study examined predictors of deficient plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations at the age of 12 mo. Analyses were performed on baseline data from a randomized clinical trial in 304 Guatemalan infants, 80% of whom were partially breast-fed, and their mothers. Exclusion criteria for infants included twins, severe stunting or moderate wasting, reported major health problems, severe developmental delay, hemoglobin <95 g/L, maternal age <17 y, and maternal pregnancy >3 mo. Data collected included socio-economic status, infant anthropometry, vitamin B-12 intake from complementary foods, and breast-feeding frequency reported by mothers. A complete blood count and plasma vitamin B-12, folate, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were measured. Deficient or marginal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations were found in 49% of infants and 68% of mothers. The mean intake of maternal vitamin B-12 was 3.1 microg/d, and infants consumed 2.2 microg/d from complementary foods. In linear regression analysis, infant plasma B-12 concentration was strongly and positively associated with maternal plasma vitamin B-12 and B-12 intake from complementary foods (predominantly powdered cow's milk), and inversely associated with frequency of breast-feeding and larger household size (P < 0.0001). Vitamin B-12 supplementation of lactating women, food fortification, and education to improve infant's vitamin B-12 status are potential interventions that can improve the vitamin B-12 status of mothers and infants in this population.
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PMID:Prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in twelve-month-old Guatemalan infants is predicted by maternal B-12 deficiency and infant diet. 1744 97

A cross-sectional study of impaired glucose metabolism was carried out in 48 beta-thalassemic patients receiving hypertransfusions. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed using the method and criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in two patients, and impaired glucose tolerance was found in four patients, giving a prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism of 12.5% in our patient population. The significant clinical characteristics associated with the diagnosis of impaired glucose metabolism were wasting (-2.15/-0.86 SDS, p = 0.025), stunting (-2.69/-1.22 SDS, p = 0.03), higher ferritin levels (8679/4710 microg/L, p = 0.005), splenectomy (50/9.5%, p = 0.012), and lower area under curve (AUC) of insulin secretion after OGTT (40.0/77.7, p = 0.002). The significant decrease of AUC insulin in thalassemic patients with an impaired glucose tolerance test suggests that the pathogenesis may originate from pancreatic beta-cell damage rather than from insulin resistance. In conclusion, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in our population of thalassemic patients receiving hypertransfusions with suboptimal iron chelating therapy was 12.5%. The clinical characteristics of thalassemic patients who developed impaired glucose tolerance were wasting, stunting, higher ferritin levels, splenectomy, and lower AUC insulin.
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PMID:Prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in beta-thalassemic children receiving hypertransfusions with a suboptimal dosage of iron-chelating therapy. 1789 88

We conducted a cross sectional study to examine the association of intestinal parasitic infections and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) with iron-status indicators and anaemia among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 281 children aged 2 - 15 years were studied. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis for blood and faecal samples. All children were infected either by A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or hookworm and almost 19%, 26% and 3% of the children had severe infection of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection respectively. The prevalence of giardiasis among them was 24.9%. Overall, 41.5% of the children were anaemic (haemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL). Of these 61.0% of the children had iron deficiency and 36.5% had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which accounted for 88.0% of anaemia in this population. Severe trichuriasis had the most significant correlation with anaemia and iron deficiency in this population. It contributed to low concentrations of haemoglobin, serum iron and serum ferritin and high total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Significant underweight and stunting were associated with low concentrations of haemoglobin and serum iron while significant wasting was significantly associated with low concentration of serum ferritin. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that severe trichuriasis was a strong predictor of IDA. It also confirmed that children who were significantly underweight and whose mother was working were independent predictors of IDA in this population.
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PMID:Serum iron status in Orang Asli children living in endemic areas of soil-transmitted helminths. 1804 35


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