Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate nutritional status and heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, we performed a nested case-control study of sexually active, adult women in Kigali, Rwanda. Forty-five women who seroconverted during the 24-month study period were compared to 74 women who remained seronegative throughout the study. Seroconvertors and nonseroconvertors did not differ in preseroconversion serum levels of vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E, selenium, albumin, ferritin, or cholesterol. Weight loss, however, was a significant predictor of eventual HIV seroconversion. Subsequent seroconvertors lost an average of 1.5 kg during the first 6 months of the study compared with a 1.0-kg gain (p = 0.001) for nonconvertors. Nine of 27 (33%) seroconvertors, compared with one of 44 (2%) controls, lost at least 5 kg in the 6-month period beginning 1 year before their seroconversion (odds ratio, 21.5, 95% confidence interval 4.1-112). The association between weight loss and seroconversion was independent of other potential risk factors such as socioeconomic status, pregnancy, and genital ulcer disease. In addition to these findings for measured weight loss during follow-up, reported weight loss before enrollment was also a risk factor for subsequent seroconversion. Additional studies of heterosexual HIV transmission are needed to determine whether or not weight loss is causally related to susceptibility for HIV infection.
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PMID:Role of nutritional status and weight loss in HIV seroconversion among Rwandan women. 849 90

Highly specialized, state-of-the-art diagnostic tests are available for identifying congenital and acquired immune defects. These methods should only be resorted to when less complicated means have created suspicion of an immune defect. The case history, including the family history, represents the core of the diagnostic procedure. Initially, only simple clinical investigations are indicated. These should enable the physician to exclude or delimit a defect in the immune system which then can be defined more closely by specific tests. Screening includes clinical chemistry (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total serum protein, serum electrophoresis, C-reactive protein, blood count including differential blood count, ferritin, urine analysis, and a quantitative assay of the immunoglobulins A, G and M), bacteriological, serological, and radiological investigations, and finally skin tests with recall antigens. Thereby, it is usually possible to reliably detect primary B cell defects with humoral antibody deficiency syndromes. Lymphocyte subset counts, immunoelectrophoresis, and bone marrow biopsy are necessary for the differential diagnosis, or for the confirmation, of malignant lymphatic proliferation, especially in adults. IgG subclass defects as well as granulocyte dysfunction and complement defects must be excluded in patients who are susceptible to bacterial infection despite normal immunoglobulin concentrations. In suspected cases of primary or secondary (HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus) T cell defects, lymphocyte subset counts and, where applicable, T cell function tests are indicated. The majority of secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, in which the primary disease is known, do not currently require specialized diagnosis. Nevertheless, monitoring of the lymphocyte subsets in HIV-positive patients has already become standard practice in health care (for evaluating the prognosis and deciding on the therapy).
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PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of immune deficiency]. 849 52

Ribosomal frameshifting is a translational mechanism used as an essential step in the replication cycle of retroviruses. Programmed frameshifting in retroviral translation involves two sequence elements: A heptanucleotide slippery sequence which induces a low basal level of frameshifting and a downstream RNA structure as an enhancer of the process. The precise mechanism of function of these downstream elements is still unclear, but their effect does not solely depend on their stability. Likewise, the possibility that frameshifting could be controlled by specific proteins that bind to these elements and enable or modulate their effects has yet not been substantiated. The RNA hairpin of the HIV-1 gag-pol frameshift cassette was replaced by the iron-responsive element (IRE) from ferritin mRNA, a stem-loop structure that binds iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) in dependence of the iron status of the cell. When a lacZ/luciferase reporter construct was expressed in transfected BHK-21 cells, the IRE or a point-mutated version that is unable to bind IRPs were found to functionally substitute for the HIV-1 hairpin. When cells were treated with the iron chelator desferrioxamine to stimulate IRP binding to the wild-type IRE, frameshift activity was specifically and strongly augmented by protein binding Our data establish that frameshifting can be regulated in a reversible fashion by mRNA-binding proteins.
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PMID:Regulated ribosomal frameshifting by an RNA-protein interaction. 863 12

Few cases of MRI in neurosyphilis have been reported. We examined the value of MRI in patients with general paresis; MRI was performed on four HIV-negative patients with parenchymatous neurosyphilis. It demonstrated frontal and temporal atrophy, subcortical gliosis and, in one patient, increased ferritin in the basal ganglia. The progression of the lesions on MRI correlated well with the neuropsychiatric disturbances. The MRI findings correlated with the well-known neuropathological findings. This combination of pathological findings in neurosyphilis has not been described before and we suggest that MRI is of prognostic value in patients with general paresis.
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PMID:MRI in patients with general paresis. 869 19

Between May, 1994 and May, 1995 serum ferritin concentrations were measured in 74 pregnant women who were HIV-1 positive (17 with CD4 cell counts below 200 cells/uL) and in 148 HIV-1 negative pregnant controls in first trimester of gestation to determine if a high level of serum ferritin is present in pregnant women with HIV-1 infection. Comparisons were made between groups stratified by CD4 cell counts. Pregnant women with HIV-1 infection had 92% higher mean serum ferritin levels (112.8 versus 58.8 ug/L, p < 0.005) compared to controls, whereas the mean maternal age, parity, gestational age, haemoglobin levels and body mass index at entry into the study did not differ significantly between the control and HIV-1 infection groups. The serum ferritin levels inversely correlated with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes, CD4 cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio. This study suggests that serum ferritin levels can also be used as an immunological marker in HIV-1 infected pregnant women.
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PMID:Serum ferritin levels in normal and HIV-1 infected pregnant women. 877 45

The aim of this randomized, comparative, double-blind study was to determine the efficacy of zidovudine (ZVD) either alone or in combination with recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (rG-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects with a CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3, classified as CDC II stage. We recruited 20 HIV Ab+ asymptomatic patients who were randomized into two groups: A and B. Group A was treated with ZVD at the dosage of 500 mg daily in combination with rG-CSF (10 micrograms/Kg/biweekly) and Epo (50 IU/Kg/biweekly). Group B was treated with ZVD (500 mg/day) alone. The primary end-point was progression to an AIDS-defining event and the secondary end-point included changes in the CD4+ cell count, p24 Ag status, beta-2-microglobulin, and ferritin levels. The patients of Group A showed no significant changes in transaminase, ferritin and beta-2-microglobulin levels while CD4 cells, Hb and neutrophil levels increased significantly compared to Group B (p < 0.001) and baseline values (p < 0.05). Conversely, 5 patients in Group B showed a significant decrease in CD4 cells (p < 0.01), Hb and neutrophil levels (p < 0.01) compared to baseline values, while beta-2-microglobulin increased (p < 0.05) compared to initial values. Our preliminary study may indicate that the combination of zidovudine with these hematopoietic growth factors could reduce the possibility of virus-related hematologic toxicity and could be more efficacious than zidovudine alone in prolonged therapy.
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PMID:Combined therapy with zidovudine, recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factors and erythropoietin in asymptomatic HIV patients. 883 12

Among the wall-less mycoplasmas only a few species have been identified with a capsule at their cell surface. Mycoplasma penetrans is a recently identified mycoplasma with unique morphology, isolated from HIV-infected patients. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was found that M. penetrans is surrounded by capsular material 11 nm (strain GTU-54-6A1) to 30 nm (strain HF-2) thick, which can be stained with ruthenium red and labelled with cationized ferritin. The polysaccharide composition of this capsule was indicated by its staining with periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate and the abolition of ruthenium red staining of the cell surface by neuraminidase treatment. In addition, proteinase K treatment of the M. penetrans cells resulted in removal of the capsule, suggesting that polypeptides may contribute in anchoring it to the membrane or in its stability. Two different types of glycosylated material were detected in mycoplasma extracts by SDS-PAGE and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The first component was a high-molecular-mass material, which was heat- and proteinase-K-labile and which probably constitutes the capsular polymer. The other component was a low-molecular-mass glycolipid fraction, which was proteinase-K-, heat- and EDTA-resistant. The identification of a capsule at the M. penetrans cell surface is of particular interest for a mycoplasma which has been shown to adhere to various host cells and to penetrate into their intracellular compartments. The capsule may have significance in the pathogenesis of disease associated with infection by this organism.
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PMID:Identification of two glycosylated components of Mycoplasma penetrans: a surface-exposed capsular polysaccharide and a glycolipid fraction. 961 99

We studied survival and disease complications in 1,146 patients with thalassemia major, born from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1987. At last follow-up, in March 1997, probability of survival to age 20 years was 89% and to age 25 years was 82% for patients born in the years 1970-1974. Patients who died had a serum ferritin level, measured the year before death, significantly higher than those who survived. Diabetes was present in 5.4% of the patients; heart failure in 6.4%; arrhythmias in 5.0%, thrombosis in 1.1%, hypothyroidism in 11.6%, HIV infection in 1.8%. Hypogonadism was diagnosed in 55% of 578 patients who had reached pubertal age: 83.5% of hypogonadic females and 78.6% of males were receiving substitutive hormonal therapy. In conclusion, the survival of patients with thalassemia major is good and improving, but the prevalence of severe complications is still high.
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PMID:Survival and disease complications in thalassemia major. 966 44

To study the respective roles of mean serum ferritin level and the mean desferrioxamine (DFX) dose on progression of HIV-1 infection, data from 49 HIV-seropositive thalassemic patients were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model including known confounding variables. Nine years after seroconversion, 10% of those who had been prescribed >40 mg/kg of DFX daily had entered stage IV versus 39% of those who had been prescribed a lower dose. Patients with ferritin level >1935 g/L entered stage IV more rapidly than those with a lower level (31% versus 16%). In multivariate analysis, the ferritin level was found to be an independent predictor of progression of HIV disease, whereas the mean daily dose of DFX was not. Similar results were obtained when death was the endpoint. Our results support a hypothesis that was recently expressed, that iron overload could be associated with a more rapid progression of HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Serum ferritin, desferrioxamine, and evolution of HIV-1 infection in thalassemic patients. 971 44

Three pediatric patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) are presented. Bone marrow aspirates were examined using Romanowsky and Prussian blue iron stains in all three patients, and electron microscopic analysis was performed in one patient. All three patients had cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow. Other studies included analysis of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, copper, vitamins B6 and B12, and folate levels. Antibody titers to Parvovirus, HIV, and other viruses were measured. The patients had contrasting clinical courses. Patients 1 and 2 had dysplastic hematopoietic features and cytogenetic findings (with either partial or one allele loss of chromosome 7), suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome. Patient 1 experienced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and had a good response to AML-directed therapy. Patient 2 had prolonged cytopenias and underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Patient 3 had features suggestive of refractory anemia associated with mitochondrial cytopathy, including normal cytogenetics with pronounced vacuolization of marrow precursors. His anemia regressed spontaneously a few months after diagnosis. These patients represent two subgroups of pediatric RARS. Patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) type may progress to cytopenias or leukemia and may require aggressive therapy; the type is characterized by clonal cytogenetic findings. The non-MDS type, which may relate to mitochondrial cytopathy, often shows spontaneous regression and requires only supportive treatment; it has normal cytogenetic findings.
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PMID:Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts in children: two diseases with a similar phenotype? 1052 57


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