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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is suggested that an excessive absorption and storage of dietary iron might contribute in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, previous studies had methodological problems including design, lack of matched controls and unspecified inclusion criteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and serum ferritin levels in well-defined diabetic patients and controls. The study population comprised of 3 groups: patients with type II diabetes mellitus and severe diabetic retinopathy, diabetic patients without retinopathy, and non-diabetic, non-retinopathy patients. The groups were well matched by age, gender and hemoglobin levels, whereas diabetes characteristics and treatment differed. Serum iron, transferrin and ferritin levels were compared between the patients' groups. Twenty-two patients had diabetes and retinopathy, 29 patients had diabetes without retinopathy and 40 were non-diabetic, non-retinopathy patients. Serum iron or ferritin levels did not differ significantly between the 3 groups. Also, there was no correlation between HbA1c level and serum iron or ferritin levels between the 2 diabetic patients' groups. Our findings suggest that iron does not have a major role in the development of diabetes mellitus or diabetic retinopathy.
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PMID:Is serum ferritin high in patients with diabetic retinopathy? A controlled study. 1547 24

Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States, 1988-1994), we compared clinical phenotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-seropositive and seronegative adults aged 20-89 years with hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes, n=3566 including 86 with HCV). Seroprevalence was higher among younger persons (3.4% for ages 20-59 versus 0.9% for ages 60-89, p=0.002), while traditional correlates of diabetes (hypertension, coronary heart disease) were more prevalent among older persons (both comparisons, p<0.0001). To prevent confounding by age, younger and older persons were analyzed separately. In both age groups, HCV was associated with signs of hepatic impairment and B-cell clonal expansion (higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum globulin, lower total cholesterol and platelet count). Only among younger persons, however, was HCV also associated with a marker for advanced hepatic fibrosis (elevated serum ferritin) and absence of the classical diabetic phenotype (overweight, coronary heart disease). In addition, among younger persons, HCV was currently associated with family history of diabetes, positively in persons with diabetes and inversely in those with IFG, suggesting that family history of diabetes may serve as a cofactor for progression from HCV-associated IFG to diabetes.
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PMID:Hyperglycemia among persons with hepatitis C: not the classical diabetic phenotype. 1661 68

In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), the relationship between the prevalence rate of small dense LDL (sdLDL) and parameters of lipid metabolism was analyzed using the method devised by modified Krauss method using apoferritin as an internal standard. The prevalence rate of sdLDL was 34% compared with it of normal subjects in this study. When the severity of Type 2 DM was classified into three groups of the HbA1c value, neither the sdLDL size nor its prevalence rate differed significantly depending upon the severity of the Type 2 DM. Also, when the prevalence rate of sdLDL was analyzed in relation to the severity of complications, i.e., of microangiopathy (retinopathy and nephropathy) or macroangiopathy (cerebral infarction), there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of sdLDL depending on the severity of any of these complications. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of sdLDL was found to be correlated with the serum TG level. The serum level of TG-rich remnants (metabolites of TG) was also high in patients with sdLDL. It should take notice that the assessment of sdLDL should be used the authorized method for the evaluation. Thus it is concluded that the levels of sdLDL were important in evaluation of Type 2 DM. The prevalence rate of sdLDL did not correlate with the severity, nor the modalities for the complications of Type 2 DM.
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PMID:[Analysis of small dense LDL in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus by the modified Krauss method using an internal standard]. 1623 34

There is increasing evidence that moderately elevated body iron stores, below levels commonly found in genetic hemochromatosis, may be associated with adverse health outcomes. Genetic hemochromatosis, characterized by transferrin saturation (TS) greater than 45%, is most often linked to homozygosity of the HFE C282Y allele. The phenotype is also modulated by mutations of more recently discovered genes (including ferroportin, hemojuvelin, hepcidin, and transferrin receptor) and environmental factors (including alcohol, viruses, diet, blood loss). Iron overload without hemochromatosis is characterized by high levels of serum ferritin and normal TS, as seen in dysmetabolic hepatosiderosis. Elevated serum ferritin levels predict incident type 2 diabetes in prospective studies and have been associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose tolerance disturbances, central adiposity, and metabolic syndrome. High ferritin levels are not synonymous with iron overload and may in some cases be a simple marker of insulin resistance.
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PMID:[Iron overload and insulin resistance]. 1629 93

To determine whether the HFE gene variants H63D and C282Y are associated with body iron stores and the risk of type 2 diabetes, we conducted a nested case-control study of 714 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 1,120 matching control subjects in a prospective cohort, the Nurses' Health Study. In both healthy control and diabetic case subjects, H63D homozygosity, C282Y, and the compound heterozygotes were associated with significantly higher levels of plasma ferritin and significantly lower ratios of transferrin receptors to ferritin. Such effects were independent of age, BMI, and lifestyle factors. Overall, there were no significant differences in genotypes of H63D and C282Y between the case and control subjects. A meta-analysis of 4,245 case and 5,982 control subjects indicated a null association of C282Y with diabetes risk, whereas carriers of H63D or the compound heterozygotes had marginally increased risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.11 [95% CI 1.00-1.25] and 1.60 [0.99-2.60], respectively). In addition, we found a significant interaction between HFE variants and heme iron intake (P for interaction = 0.029). The ORs of type 2 diabetes across increasing quartiles of heme iron were 1.00, 1.21 (0.72-2.01), 1.72 (1.03-2.88), and 1.49 (0.91-2.46) among the participants with either the H63D or C282Y variant, whereas the ORs were 1.00, 0.71 (0.49-1.05), 1.12 (0.76-1.66), and 0.96 (0.65-1.42) among those with wild-type genotypes. Our data indicate significant effects of H63D and C282Y on body iron stores and suggest a potential interaction between HFE genotypes and heme iron intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:HFE genetic variability, body iron stores, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. women. 1630 77

Maternal micronutrient nutrition is an important determinant of size and body composition of the fetus. Maternal iron, iodine, calcium, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin C nutrition all influence offspring size. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study was designed to study the relationship between maternal nutrition and fetal growth, size at birth, and postnatal growth. Maternal circulating folate and vitamin C concentrations predicted larger offspring size, while higher ferritin levels predicted smaller-sized babies. Subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency is common in India, especially in vegetarians, and children born to mothers with the lowest vitamin B12 but the highest folate status were the most adipose and the most insulin resistant. Furthermore, the relationship between maternal nutrition, fetal growth, and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease appears to be much more complex than the simplistic postulates of the "fetal origins" hypothesis.
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PMID:Nutritional control of fetal growth. 1677 Sep 53

The oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) plays a central role in the initiation and acceleration of atherosclerosis. Iron plays a part in the formation of highly toxic free radicals such as hydroxide and superoxide anions, which can induce lipid peroxidation. We investigated whether serum iron status was associated with circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels in type 2 diabetic patients, in whom oxidative stress and susceptibility to lipid oxidation were supposedly increased. Serum ferritin levels were significantly correlated with plasma oxLDL concentrations in both male and female patients (p<0.02 and p<0.05, respectively). No correlation was detected between ferritin and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations despite the close correlation between LDL-C and oxLDL concentrations (p<0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that ferritin concentration was an independent positive determinant of oxLDL level, in addition to triglyceride concentration, body mass index and sex. This is the first report to show that serum ferritin is associated with circulating oxLDL levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further work is required to establish a causative link between iron excess and the development of diabetic vascular complications.
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PMID:Association between serum ferritin and circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. 1690 60

Studies have shown that hepatitis C (HCV) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) possibly due to insulin resistance and inflammation. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for DM2. Our objectives were to assess the relationship between HCV and metabolic syndrome and inflammatory markers. We used data from The Third National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES-III). We excluded pregnant women, subjects with diabetes, those taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and those diagnosed with concomitant infection. We analyzed the data controlling for demographic variables, body mass index, use of contraceptives, had arthritis, and had gout. Among the 10,383 subjects, 2.3% had HCV and 16.7% had metabolic syndrome using the ATP III criteria. After controlling for the confounders, HCV was not associated with metabolic syndrome but associated with HOMA insulin resistance and inflammatory marker ferritin. Among subjects with both HCV and metabolic syndrome, the adjusted HOMA insulin level was higher than those without HCV and metabolic syndrome. In addition, the serum ferritin level was a strong predictor of HOMA insulin resistance. In clinical practice, serum ferritin can be obtained along with routine blood tests in any laboratory, and it has a potential to be a surrogate marker of insulin resistance in people with HCV and metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Hepatitis C, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory markers: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES III]. 1691 55

There are a few reports suggesting that subtle disturbances of iron metabolism are frequently found in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), but it is not known if these disturbances precede or accompany the diabetic state. We investigated the serum iron indices in 41 offspring of DM2 parents (group I) with normal glucose tolerance, and in 49 offspring whose parents had no history of DM2 and were matched for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure (group II). Serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, Apo-B, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and glucose and insulin values during an oral glucose tolerance test were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA - Insuline resistence index-IRI). In comparison to controls (group II), the offspring of DM2 subjects (group I) had higher fasting serum triglycerides (mean +/- SD 2.25+/-2.08 vs. 1.6+/-0.8 mmol/L, p<0,05), lower HDL cholesterol (0.96 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, p<0.001), higher total cholesterol (5.5 +/- 1.1 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, p < 0.05), higher apo-B-lipoprotein (133.2+/-34.3 vs. 125.5+/-30.5 mg/dl, p<0.05), higher LDL-C (3.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.6 mmol/L), higher gamma-GT (28+/-10 vs. 17+/-5.6 iu/L, p<0.01) higher insulin in the Area Under the Curve (204.7+/-140.8 v. 153.1 +/- 63.0 microU/ml, p<0.05) and higher HOMA-IRI (2.84+/-1.39 vs. 1.67+/-0.77, p<0.001), higher serum ferritin concentrations (98.3+/-57.7 vs. 62.0+/-41.1 ng/ml, p<0.01), higher serum iron concentration (20.2+/-6.0 micromol/L vs. 14.5+/-4.3, p<0.001) and higher transferrin saturation index (31.3+/-8.4 vs. 22.6+/-7.3, p<0.0001). By single linear analysis in the offspring of DM2 parents, there was a positive correlation of IRI with transferrin saturation (r=0.400, p<0.01), fibrinogen (r=0.377, p=0.025) and ferritin concentration (r=0.344, p=0.041), and a negative correlation with TIBC (r=-0.477, p < 0.0001), while stepwise multiple regression analysis, IRI showed a positive correlation with fibrinogen (b=0.64, t=3.746, p<0.001), triglycerides (b=0.37, t=2.619, p<0.01) and ferritin (b=0.20, t=1.827, p=0.05). No correlation of IRI, with any of the above parameters was seen in the offspring of normal parents. By logistic regression analysis the parameters characterizing the offspring of parents with DM2 were IRI (OR 14.9 CI 2.4-91.0) serum iron (OR 44.2 CI 6.9-281), TIBC (OR 6.1 CI 1.01-37.0 and gamma-GT (OR 29.6 CI 5.0-174). In conclusion, the data indicate that the iron load, is significantly increased in offspring of DM2 subjects with unaffected glucose tolerance. Furthermore, ferritin concentration is related to insulin resistance. Hence, the relative iron "overload" in offspring of type 2 diabetics is present along with insulin resistance and might worsen the hepatic insulin insensitivity already present in these patients.
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PMID:Relative iron "overload" in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new component in the conundrum of insulin resistance syndrome? 1700 17

The authors performed a case-cohort study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study to determine the association between plasma ferritin level and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Persons with incident cases of type 2 diabetes diagnosed over an average follow-up period of 7.9 years (n = 599) were compared with a random sample of the cohort (n = 690). After adjustment for age, gender, menopausal status, ethnicity, center, smoking, and alcohol intake, the hazard ratio for diabetes, comparing the fifth quintile of ferritin with the first quintile, was 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.14, 2.65; p-trend < 0.001). After further adjustment for body mass index and components of the metabolic syndrome, the hazard ratio was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.34; p-trend = 0.87). From a causal perspective, there are two alternative interpretations of these findings. Elevated iron stores, reflected in elevated plasma ferritin levels, may induce baseline metabolic abnormalities that ultimately result in diabetes. Alternatively, elevated ferritin may be just one of several metabolic abnormalities related to the underlying process that ultimately results in diabetes, rather than a causal factor for diabetes. Longitudinal studies with repeated measurements of glucose and iron metabolism parameters are needed to establish the role of iron stores and plasma ferritin in diabetes development.
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PMID:A prospective study of plasma ferritin level and incident diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. 1728 22


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