Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron, an essential element for many important cellular functions in all living organisms, can catalyze the formation of potentially toxic free radicals. Excessive iron is sequestered by ferritin in a nontoxic and readily available form in a cell. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits of different proportions of two functionally distinct subunits: ferritin H and L. The former is involved in ferroxidase activity necessary for iron uptake and oxidation of ferrous iron, while the latter is involved in nucleation of the iron core. The expression of ferritin is under delicate control and is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by iron, cytokines and oxidative stress. Elevated ferritin levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death and illness in developed countries. Serum ferritin levels are a good indicator of iron stores in the body. In fact, epidemiological studies have suggested that elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with an increased risk of CAD and myocardial infarction (MI), though inconsistent results were obtained in some other studies. Moreover, recent proteomics and molecular biology studies have shown that ferritin levels in arteries are increased in diseased tissues, which further supports the link of ferritin to CAD/MI. Future studies will determine whether increased ferritin levels can serve as a distinct biomarker for the incidence of CAD/MI and distinguish whether increased ferritin levels are a cause of CAD or a consequence of the disease process.
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PMID:Ferritin in atherosclerosis. 1596 91

Since hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF FIFFF) utilizes a cylindrical channel made of a hollow-fiber membrane, which is inexpensive and simple in channel assembly and thus disposable, interests are increasing as a potential separation device in cells, proteins, and macromolecules. In this study, performance of HF FIFFF of proteins is described by examining the influence of flow rate conditions and length of fiber (polyacrylonitrile or PAN in this work) on sample recovery as well as experimental plate heights. The interfiber reproducibility in terms of separation time and recovery was also studied. Experiments showed that sample recovery was consistent regardless of the length of fiber when the effective field strength (equivalent to the mean flow velocity at the fiber wall) and the channel void time were adjusted to be equivalent for channels of various fiber lengths. This supported that the majority of sample loss in HF FIFFF separation of apoferritin and their aggregates may occur before the migration process. It is finally demonstrated that HF FIFFF can be applied for characterizing the reduction in Stokes' size of low density lipoproteins from blood plasma samples obtained from patients having coronary artery disease and from healthy donors.
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PMID:Performance of hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation in protein separation. 1631 97

This exploratory substudy of The Iron (Fe) and Atherosclerosis Study (FeAST) compared baseline inflammatory markers, including cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin, in subjects with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) taking statins with subjects with PAD who were not taking statins. Inflammatory markers in the serum of 47 subjects with PAD not taking statins and a healthy cohort of 21 medication-free men were compared with 53 PAD subjects taking statins at entry to the FeAST. Healthy subjects demonstrated lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP. TNF-alpha R1 averaged 2.28 ng/mL versus 3.52 ng/mL, p = .0025; IL-6 averaged 4.24 pg/mL versus 16.61 pg/mL, p = .0008; and CRP averaged 0.58 mg/dL versus 0.92 mg/dL, p = .0192. A higher level of IL-6 was observed in PAD statin takers versus PAD subjects not taking statins: 19.47 pg/mL versus 13.24 pg/mL, p = .0455. As expected, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in the statin-treated group, p = .0006 and p = .0001, respectively. No significant differences in inflammatory cytokines were detected for varying doses of simvastatin. Additionally, no significant differences in inflammatory biomedical markers were found in subjects with PAD alone compared with those with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). Unexpectedly, serum inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were significantly higher in PAD subjects receiving statins. There was no difference in measured inflammatory markers in PAD subjects with concomitant CAD.
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PMID:Statins and biomarkers in claudicants with peripheral arterial disease: cross-sectional study. 1702 9

The purpose of the investigation was to study iron metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in dependence on ischemic changes and the degree of coronary artery (CA) lesion. Two hundred and twenty four patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 170 patients without concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM); group 2 consisted of 54 patients with DM. Serum levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron-binding serum ability (TIBSA) were measured; ST depression on ECG as a sign of myocardial ischemia and the degree of coronary arterial (CA) lesion according to selective coronaroangiography (CAG) were evaluated. In the CAD plus DM group, serum iron (SI) level was significantly lower (p < or = 0.5), and TIBSA tended to be lower as well; ferritin level was increased. In both groups, patients having ischemic ECG signs had lower levels of SI, transferrin, and TIBSA; in patients with DM these parameters were lower than in patients without it. Ferritin level was significantly higher in patients with DM and ST depression. Comparison of CAG data with iron exchange parameters found the highest ferritin levels in patients with multivascular coronary lesions; in patients with DM ferritin level was significantly higher vs. patients without DM. In patients without DM, the decrease in SI, transferrin, and TIBSA was in a direct proportion to the degree of CA lesion.
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PMID:[The evaluation of iron exchange parameters in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus]. 1821 57

Given the reported association of cardiac complications with hereditary hemochromatosis and the high carrier frequency of HFE gene mutations in the natural population, it seems reasonable that such mutations might appear more frequently than expected among symptomatic cardiac patients. Thus, H63D, C282Y, and S65C mutations and their possible associations were examined in 477 Caucasian males undergoing coronary angiography. Genotypes were analyzed for differences between ferritin and transferrin levels, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy (CM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. No significant differences were found in ferritin levels between those with or without HFE mutations (C282Y P = 0.632, H63D P = 0.765, S65C P = 0.568, and HFE mutation P = 0.568); however, there was a significant difference (P = 0.005) in mean transferrin levels between those with (252 microg/l) and without (275 microg/l) C282Y. No relationship between HFE mutations and CAD (C282Y, P = 0.402; H63D, P = 0.112; S65C, P = 0.170) or CVD death (C282Y, P = 0.560; H63D, P = 0.682; S65C, P = 0.664) was demonstrated using logistic regression. However, an association between S65C and CM was found (odds ratio 4.4; 95% confidence interval 1.3-13.3, P = 0.018). This suggests that the S65C allele may contribute to the development of CM, but that these three HFE mutations do not appear to play a significant role in development of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:HFE mutations in heart disease. 1881 May 84

Ferritin, a major iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis and is involved in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes. In clinical medicine, ferritin is predominantly utilized as a serum marker of total body iron stores. In cases of iron deficiency and overload, serum ferritin serves a critical role in both diagnosis and management. Elevated serum and tissue ferritin are linked to coronary artery disease, malignancy, and poor outcomes following stem cell transplantation. Ferritin is directly implicated in less common but potentially devastating human diseases including sideroblastic anemias, neurodegenerative disorders, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Additionally, recent research describes novel functions of ferritin independent of iron storage.
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PMID:Ferritin for the clinician. 1883 72

To evaluate whether there is a relationship between admission serum leptin concentrations and peri-operative myocardial injury, 238 consecutive older patients (mean age 81.9+/-7.9 years; 172 women) with low-trauma hip fracture were assessed. Myocardial injury as defined by elevated serum cardiac troponin I was associated with lower leptin levels analyzed as continuous or categorical variables. Patients with serum leptin concentrations <12ng/ml (medium value) had a two-fold greater increased risk for such complications compared with those with higher leptin levels (odd ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.06-4.28; p=0.033). This association remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, clinical (history of coronary artery disease [CAD], stroke, hypertension, diabetes, dementia), hematological (red, white, and lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit), metabolic (parathyroid hormone [PTH], albumin), renal(creatinine, urea, glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), and inflammatory (C-reactive protein [CRP], ferritin) factors. The predictive value of lower leptin levels increased significantly when used in combination with traditional risk factors for myocardial injury.
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PMID:Serum leptin levels in older patients with hip fracture--impact on peri-operative myocardial injury. 1974 42

Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the chronic therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practise, our understanding of their mechanism of action and of their side effects remains incomplete. To date, the most commonly employed nitrates are isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), and nitroglycerin (GTN). Another nitrate, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), has long been employed in eastern European countries and is currently being reintroduced also in western countries. So far, PETN is the only organic nitrate in clinical use, which is devoid of induction of oxidative stress and related side-effects such as endothelial dysfunction and nitrate tolerance. Some of these effects are related to special pharmacokinetics of PETN, but upon chronic administration, PETN also induces antioxidative pathways at the genomic level, resulting in increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ferritin, both possessing highly protective properties. There is good experimental evidence that at least part of the beneficial profile of long-term PETN treatment is based on activation of the heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system.
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PMID:Characterization of the antioxidant properties of pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)-induction of the intrinsic antioxidative system heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). 2007 27

It was reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increase in parallel with the progression of chronic liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Inflammatory markers, such as high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ferritin, transferrin, albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG), alpha-2 macroglobulin (AMG), alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) and lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] were measured in coronary artery disease patients (CAD) and CAD patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the present preliminary study an attempt was made to study whether there is an increase in the levels of CRP in CAD patients associated with NASH. CAD patients showed an increase in CRP and serum ferritin levels. In CAD patients with NASH along with an increase in the levels of serum ferittin (p<0.001), the levels of serum AMG and ceruloplasmin (CP) were also increased (p<0.01). The CAD patients with NASH had a higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia compared to CAD patients. But how this difference contributes to the elevation in acute inflammatory markers particularly AMG and CP levels in CAD patients with NASH cannot be explained. This study shows that a substantial number of CAD patients may be associated with NASH. Non-invasive simple parameters that reflect the degree of inflammation and fibrosis of the liver in patients with NASH would facilitate improved understanding and treatment of the disease. Further studies may be necessary to evaluate the percentage of NASH patients progressing to CAD.
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PMID:A preliminary study of inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. 2148 80

Not only is iron deficiency an abnormal iron status, but iron overload is also harmful for human health. It has been reported that overloaded iron stores are positively associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, which is called the "iron-heart hypothesis". Previous studies evaluating the relationships between fatty acids (FAs) and body iron status only focused on participants with iron deficiency. However, whether FA composition is related to overloaded iron remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationships between erythrocyte membrane FA (Ery-FA) composition and overloaded body iron status as measured by plasma ferritin levels in Chinese CAD patients. A total of 446 subjects with angiographically identified CAD (mean age 63.1 years, 76.9% males) were recruited in a hospital between 2009 and 2010. Ery-FAs were measured by gas chromatography and the activities of FA desaturases, which are involved in the de novo synthesis of unsaturated FAs, were evaluated by using FA product-to-precursor ratios. Results showed that the average iron status was a bit overloaded in the population (median ferritin levels of 234.1 ng mL(-1) and 40.4% males of overload). Moreover, in males, saturated FAs (SFAs) were positively correlated (22 : 0, r = 0.182, p = 0.001; 24 : 0, r = 0.214, p < 0.001), whereas monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were negatively correlated (18 : 1n-9, r = -0.120, p = 0.028; 18 : 2n-6, r = -0.216, p < 0.001) with plasma ferritin levels. A negative correlation (r < 0, p < 0.05) between stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and ferritin levels was also found in males. However, all the significant associations above were not observed in females. In conclusion, the Ery-FA composition was related to overloaded plasma ferritin levels only in Chinese males with angiographic CAD, which might be linked to the change of SCD activity. The results may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of the iron-heart hypothesis.
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PMID:Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition is related to overloaded plasma ferritin in Chinese males with angiographic coronary artery disease. 2405 14


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