Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing human gallbladder carcinoma showing direct invasion into the liver was transplanted into BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. Although patient serum levels of AFP and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were within normal limits, they were elevated to 1,040 ng/ml and 22.1 ng/ml, respectively, after cholecystectomy. Prominent liver metastasis was demonstrated by diagnostic imaging techniques shortly after the operation. Pathologically, the resected tumor consisted of papillotubular adenocarcinoma and the part which had invaded the liver showed a solid growth pattern with no papillo-tubular structure. The transplanted tumor showed both papillo-tubular and solid growth patterns, in which positive reactions for AFP, CEA, ferritin (FER), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), albumin (ALB) and fibrinogen (FIB) were confirmed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Serum levels of AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) and FER were elevated in the nude mice bearing tumor transplants. Twenty-five percent of the serum AFP from nude mice with tumor transplants bound with concanavalin A (Con A), suggesting that the tumor was of gastrointestinal rather than hepatic origin.
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PMID:Heterotransplantation of an alpha-fetoprotein-producing human gallbladder carcinoma into nude mice. 245 69

A monoclonal antibody, OVB1, was generated against a human ovarian carcinoma cell line, OVCAR-3. The antigen reacting with this antibody was strongly expressed on the external surface of the plasma membrane of OVCAR-3 cells and cells of 4/4 other ovarian carcinoma lines. Variable density and homogeneity of expression was found on cells from 5/5 breast carcinoma lines. Various ovarian tumor specimens and normal human tissues were frozen, cryostat-sectioned, and examined for OVB1 reactivity using immunoperoxidase methods. A strong, uniform, homogeneous reaction on 10/10 ovarian carcinoma specimens and variable, non-homogeneous reactions on breast tumors were seen. Normal tissues reacting with the antibody include thyroid, pituitary pars intermedia, breast ductal epithelium, Auerbach's plexus and neuronal processes in the GI tract, colonic mucosal epithelium, and salivary gland ductal epithelium. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, eosinophils, and approximately 13% of peripheral lymphocytes, as well as cells around germinal centers in lymph nodes and spleen, showed strong reactivity by immunofluorescence and/or immunoperoxidase. Expression of the OVB1 antigen in the myeloid cells of normal human bone marrow occurred from the promyelocyte stage through to more mature cells in a subpopulation of myeloblasts. Indirect immunofluorescence of live peripheral blood cells showed localization to the surface of PMNs, eosinophils, and certain lymphocytes. Double-immunofluorescence studies (with a direct fluorescein-anti-lactoferrin antibody conjugate) showed co-localization of OVB1 and OKM1 (anti-C3bi receptor) antibodies to specific granules of PMNs. Localization of OVB1 and OKM1 antibodies to granular structures in the PMN was confirmed by electron microscopy using the ferritin bridge technique. The antigen reacting with the OVB1 antibody was shown to be neuraminidase sensitive, but protease insensitive. The OVB1 monoclonal antibody may be useful in identification of ovarian tumors and subclassification of myeloid leukemias.
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PMID:Characterization of a monoclonal antibody, OVB1, which binds to a unique determinant in human ovarian carcinomas and myeloid cells. 246 82

Urine and serum ferritin levels were measured by a double-antibody radio-immunoassay in 96 normal adults and 57 patients with urologic malignancies. In the 96 adults, the urine ferritin levels ranged from 0 to 28 ng/ml. Elevated urine ferritin levels were observed in all 7 patients with renal pelvic carcinoma, 4 of 13 patients with renal carcinoma, 1 of 13 patients with well-differentiated (Grade I) bladder carcinoma, 8 of 19 patients with median-differentiated (Grade II) bladder carcinoma, and all 5 patients with poorly-differentiated (Grades III, IV) bladder carcinoma. These results indicated that urine ferritin assay was helpful in discriminating well-differentiated bladder carcinoma from the poorly-differentiated (P less than 0.01) in addition to differentiating renal pelvic carcinoma from renal carcinoma (P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Clinical significance of urine ferritin determination in urologic malignancies. 250 57

Seven year follow-up data were available on 36 of 40 breast carcinoma patients in whom breast tissue ferritin concentrations at the time of surgery were known. 18 patients were alive and free of recurrence or second tumor (Group 1) and 11 died with breast cancer (Group 2). Patients with lower tissue ferritin concentrations defined as less than 319 ng/mcp (nanograms of ferritin/milligram of cytosol protein) were at reduced risk: 86% of patients with low tissue ferritin concentration survived free of recurrence or second tumor vs. 40% of patients with high tissue ferritin concentration (P = 0.0056). Mean breast carcinoma tissue ferritin concentration was 295 +/- 52 ng/mcp in Group 1 and 444 +/- 55 ng/mcp in Group 2 (P = 0.036). Lymph node involvement was predictive of mortality from breast carcinoma (P = 0.0003), but did not correlate with mean tissue ferritin concentration (P = 0.082). 10/10 (100%) patients who had both low tissue ferritin concentration and absence of lymph node involvement were in Group 1. The correlation of breast tissue ferritin concentration with histopathologic dedifferentiation and with prognosis suggests tumor tissue ferritin as a marker of malignant potential.
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PMID:Tissue ferritin concentration and prognosis in carcinoma of the breast. 209 30

Amplification of the c-myc gene has been frequently reported in breast carcinomas. However the precise function of the c-myc protein is still unknown and the nature of the selective advantage offered to a cell by an overexpression of such a protein is unclear. We are addressing this question using the SW 613-S human breast carcinoma cell line as a model system. This cell line harbours an amplified c-myc gene and a mutated c-Ki-ras gene. By various criteria the amplified c-myc gene of SW613-S cells appears undistinguishable from a normal human c-myc gene. The SW613-S cell line is heterogeneous: it contains cells with a high level of amplification and carrying the extra copies of the c-myc gene in double minute chromosomes (DMs) and cells with few c-myc genes integrated into chromosomes. DM-containing cells are progressively lost upon in vitro cultivation but are selected for during in vivo growth, as tumors in nude mice, or by cultivating the cells in a chemically defined, serum-free medium or under conditions preventing anchorage. Clones with different levels of amplification and different chromosomal localization of the c-myc copies were isolated from the SW 613-S cell population. Those with a high level of amplification and expression of the c-myc gene are tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas those with a low level are not. Introduction of c-myc gene copies by transfection confers tumorigenicity to the nontumorigenic clones, indicating that a high level of amplification of the c-myc gene contributes to the tumorigenic phenotype of SW 613-S cells. Tumorigenic clones grow unattached, are able to proliferate in a chemically defined medium, and produce high levels of several growth factors (e.g. TGF-alpha, IGF2). Nontumorigenic clones are more dependent upon anchorage for growth, show a restricted growth in defined medium, and produce low or undetectable level of the growth factors tested. We have identified several genes, besides c-myc, the expression level of which is markedly different in the two types of clones. TGF-alpha, IGF2, PDGF-A, int-2, cytokeratins K8 and K18 and ferritin H chain are overexpressed in tumorigenic clones. In contrast, c-erbB1 (EGF receptor), c-jun, vimentin and p53 are expressed at a higher level in the nontumorigenic clones. Finally the major histocompatibility class I antigens, ferritin L chain, TGF-beta and c-Ki-ras, are examples of genes expressed at the same level in both types of clones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The human breast carcinoma cell line SW 613-S: an experimental system to study tumor heterogeneity in relation to c-myc amplification, growth factor production and other markers (review). 268 29

Calibrated mixtures of anti-H and anti-L ferritin subunit monoclonal antibodies were used in a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay for the evaluation of all isoferritins. The assay was designed to have overlapping calibration plots for human liver (95% L-chain) and recombinant human H-chain ferritin (100% H-chain). It appeared to recognize all the heart isoferritins including the ones in the middle of the isoferritin spectrum. By direct comparison it was shown that these isoferritins are under-evaluated by the assays for H- and L-subunit-rich ferritins, based on the two separated antibodies. The three assays (for total, H-rich and L-rich ferritins) provide an index of the presence of the isoferritins with intermediate H/L composition. Sera from 30 tumor and non-tumor patients were analyzed. Intermediate isoferritins were found in 2 non-tumor subjects and in none of the 14 patients with Hodgkin's disease or mammary carcinoma. It is concluded that the evaluation of the total and intermediate isoferritins is possible, but does not have an evident clinical significance for tumor monitoring.
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PMID:Development of an immunoassay for all human isoferritins, and its application to serum ferritin evaluation. 269 76

Iron, iron-binding capacity, lactoferrin and total protein were determined in the plasma and pleural fluid of 30 patients with cardiac failure (n = 10), infectious/inflammatory disease (n = 9) and metastatic carcinoma (n = 11). In 16 patients pleural transferrin and ferritin was also measured. Plasma iron and total iron-binding capacity were reduced in inflammatory and neoplastic disease, whereas hyposideremia with normal iron-binding capacity was seen in patients with heart failure. Plasma lactoferrin was reduced in metastatic carcinoma. Exudates (protein greater than or equal to 30 g/l; infectious/inflammatory: 9/9, carcinomatous: 10/11) had significantly higher iron, lactoferrin, transferrin and ferritin concentrations than transudates (protein less than 30 g/l; heart failure: 10/10, carcinomatous: 1/11). Statistically, infectious/inflammatory exudates could be distinguished from neoplastic exudates by a higher median iron concentration (non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Overlap of the respective ranges, however, did not allow a clear-cut differential diagnosis in individual cases. Pleural lactoferrin concentrations, on the other hand, correlated with the pleural granulocyte count and nonspecifically reflect the degree of granulocytic inflammation. Positive pleural/plasma correlations of protein and of iron concentrations were found in exudates only. Within exudates and transudates, on the other hand, total protein correlated with transferrin but not with iron concentrations. Therefore, and because of the substantially higher pleural/plasma ratio for iron than for transferrin concentrations, a quantitatively important, non-transferrin bound iron pool in pleural fluids, most probably ferritin, must be assumed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Iron and iron-binding proteins in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion]. 276 88

Elevated serum ferritin levels have been reported in patients with malignant tumors and especially in those with neuroblastoma or breast carcinoma. The presence of the iron-storing compounds ferritin and hemosiderin in these tumors was therefore investigated. Some neuroblastomas, mostly of patients with advanced stages of disease, contained numerous ferritin particles randomly dispersed in the cytosol. Iron was also seen as ferritin clusters in the cytosol and as ferritin or hemosiderin in siderosomes. Morphometric study of ferritin particles as well as of the features of the siderosomes enabled the identification of two major types of iron-containing cells. In breast carcinoma most electron-opaque iron was found in siderosomes, with few ferritin particles being in the cytosol. The study points toward the hitherto unrevealed ultrastructure of cytosiderosis in neoplasms, the biological importance of which remains largely unknown.
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PMID:Iron and neoplasia: ferritin and hemosiderin in tumor cells. 279 88

Fine structural analyses of human pancreatic carcinoma have demonstrated their composition of one major cell type, a mucin secreting cell. In lower grades of differentiation the tumor cells change polarity and reduce mucin production and secretion. Instead numerous small vesicles in the cytoplasm and a high frequency of coated pits and coated vesicles beneath the plasma membrane suggest endocytotic activity. One monoclonal antibody (BW 227/19) produced against pancreatic tumor cells of low differentiation, besides binding to primary pancreatic carcinoma in cytofluorometric studies, also reacted with 80% blood monocytes and with macrophages in a variety of tissues, indicating common antigenic determinants on both cell types. Therefore, monocyte-related functions--endocytosis, lysosomal enzyme secretion, and superoxide anion production--were measured in 5 cell lines of pancreatic carcinomas (two lines established from adenocarcinoma of the colon, two lines from small lung cell carcinomas, and one line from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung). These functions were measured under basal conditions and after exposure to zymosan or immune complexes and were compared to isolated normal monocytes of the human. Endocytotic activity, as measured by the uptake of radiolabeled colloidal gold in 4 out of 5 pancreatic tumor cell lines, showed 50% of the basal activity of monocytes, while other tumor cells had only 20% of this activity. Only pancreatic tumor cells demonstrated increased endocytotic, secretory, and chemiluminescence activity to a similar extent as human monocytes after exposure to zymosan or immune complexes. Fine structural studies using cationized ferritin demonstrated the regular endocytotic pathway with uptake via coated pits and vesicles into endosomes and their transfer to a membrane compartment associated with the Golgi complex. The findings indicate a striking similarity between pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and human monocytes, which could be of importance in the understanding of the biology of these ill-defined tumor cells.
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PMID:Monocyte-related functions expressed in cell lines established from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. I. Comparative analysis of endocytotic activity, lysosomal enzyme secretion, and superoxide anion production. 281 59

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigeny (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigeny (TPA), CanAg 50, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and ferritin were determined in bronchial secretion and serum of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases. Simultaneous determination of two or three markers in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be clinically useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer and even for the type of tumor. The positivity of CEA determined simultaneously in serum and in BAL of patients with lung cancer is higher than 80% whereas in patients with benign lung disease it is lower than 40%. The simultaneous assay of TPA in serum and in BAL showed 100% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma, the frequencies of positivity were similar in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. For NSE and CanAg CA-50 patients with oat-cell carcinoma showed 100% positivity. Simultaneous assay of ferritin in serum and in BAL gave 85% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma and only 23% in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. We conclude that the simultaneous determination of CEA and CanAg CA-50 or NSE in serum and in BAL is a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
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PMID:Tumor markers and lung cancer: correlation between serum and bronchial secretion levels of CEA, TPA, CanAg CA-50, NSE and ferritin. 283 26


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