Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02794 (ferritin)
 17,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin, and calcitonin were measured in 107 patients with breast cancer, 80 of whom had overt or occult metastatic disease. CEA and ferritin values were statistically higher in those patients with metastases. In contrast, there was no correlation between calcitonin concentrations and the stage of the disease. All 27 subjects with CEA concentrations greater than 80 microgram/liter and 32 of 40 with values between 41-80 microgram/liter had metastatic disease. Ferritin was a definite but less sensitive discriminator, with metastatic disease present in all nine patients having concentrations greater than 400 microgram/liter. Such metastases were invariably hepatic. When the two measurements were used as a combined discriminant, the diagnostic accuracy increased somewhat. All 32 patients with CEA concentration greater than microgram/liter and/or a ferritin concentration greater than 400 microgram/liter had metastatic disease; the same was true for 32 of the 42 subjects with CEA concentration between 41-80 microgram/liter and/or a ferritin concentration between 200-400 microgram/liter. The measurements had prognostic value, both when assessed alone and together, with a median survival from the time of study significantly shorter in those with the highest values.
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PMID:Significance of serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, and calcitonin in breast cancer. 728 63

A large number of markers associated with breast cancer have been tested for potential usefulness in the initial diagnosis, the evaluation of prognosis, the detection of recurrence and the assessment of response to therapy. Useful but limited information has been obtained in some of the cases by measuring the levels of a number of markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin and haptoglobin. None of the known markers are specific for breast cancer and no single marker is elevated in all patients with advanced disease. Studies with multiple markers may provide better coverage. A great deal of attention is being focused on the level of immune complexes that are found in 30 to 50% of the patients. It has been claimed that immune complex levels tend to rise in patients with advanced disease, but these claims await further confirmation. The only makers likely to be useful for early diagnosis are tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Several putative TAA have been identified, but clinical trials employing TAA are still a long way off. Identification of breast cancer TAA may be facilitated by current analyses of immune complexes isolated from patients. Preliminary results of such analyses suggest that immune complexes recovered from patients with breast cancer may contain antigens not present in patients with nonmalignant diseases.
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PMID:Markers in breast cancer. 730 74

Human placental ferritin is an immunosuppressive protein composed of a 43-kDa subunit (p43) and ferritin light chains. Its physiological action seems to be downregulation of the immune response of the mother against her embryo. Elevated levels of p43 in serum are associated with pregnancy, lymphomas, breast cancer, and AIDS. Although it is known that p43 is produced by activated T lymphocytes, the specific T-lymphocyte subset involved is unknown. p43 is measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with CM-H-9 monoclonal antibody specific for p43. We studied the de novo biosynthesis of p43 by isolated activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in a normal donor and in a patient with elevated levels of p43 in serum. The results indicated that p43 was synthesized by activated CD4+ lymphocytes from the normal donor (0.45% of the total de novo proteins) but that its biosynthesis by CD8+ lymphocytes was below the level of detection. The activated CD4+ lymphocytes from the patient with elevated levels of p43 in serum overproduced p43 (3.8% of the nascent proteins). Since it was shown that a subset of CD8+ lymphocytes has receptors for p43, the latter may be considered an immunoregulatory cytokine produced mainly by activated CD4+ lymphocytes.
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PMID:The immunosuppressive human placental ferritin subunit p43 is produced by activated CD4+ lymphocytes. 769 33

Sera from 254 females were assayed for markers of tumor growth, such as cancer embryonal antigen (CEA), breast cancer-associated antigen (CA 15-3), mucinoid cancer antigen (MCA), ferritin, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), parathyroid hormone (PTH) by means of monoclonal antibody kits by using radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. Forty nine patients were diagnosed as having benign breast neoplasms, 171 patients were admitted to the clinic for primary breast cancer of varying severities, 34 patients without any breast abnormalities and somatic diseases comprised a control group. There was a close correlation between the higher levels of markers and the stage of a tumorous process. Various therapies-induced decreases in the levels of the markers serve as an objective criterion for the efficiency of the latter. Steady increases in the mean concentrations of tumor markers in the intra- and post-therapeutical periods are indicative of an extremely poor prognosis in this group of patients.
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PMID:[Tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3, MCA, TPA, ferritin and PTH in the diagnosis and monitoring of primary breast cancer]. 778 Mar 32

Fifty-two breast cancer patients were evaluated for levels of several molecules related to iron metabolism including determining their tumor tissue and serum ferritin levels, serum transferrin levels, and serum iron levels. In addition the patients' lymphocyte immunity against autologous tumor antigen was investigated. Forty percent (21 of 52) of the patients had lymphocyte immunity against tumor antigen. Iron metabolism molecules were expressed in abnormal quantities in some breast cancer patients: 27% (13 of 49) had elevated tumor tissue ferritin levels, 4% (2 of 49) had abnormally high serum ferritin, 10% (5 of 49) had abnormally low serum transferrin levels, and 43% (21 of 49) had depressed serum iron levels. None of these abnormalities in iron metabolism are associated with tumor immunity. These iron metabolism molecules may be indicative of rates of cell proliferation or may influence growth of breast cancer cells, but do not appear to influence host lymphocyte immunity against tumor associated antigens.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994
PMID:Relationship of serum and tumor levels of iron and iron-binding proteins to lymphocyte immunity against tumor antigen in breast cancer patients. 798 49

This county-based correlation study examined associations of breast cancer mortality with dietary habits and certain serum biochemical markers, utilizing data collected from an ecological survey in 65 Chinese rural counties. Univariate correlation and multivariate regression analysis showed that consumption of animal foods, including eggs, fish and meat, was positively linked to county-wide mortality rates of breast cancer in Chinese women. No clear associations between breast cancer mortality rates and consumption of green vegetables, carrots and fruits were observed in this study. A modest inverse correlation between serum vitamin C levels and breast cancer mortality was observed, while selenium levels were positively related to the mortality rates. Positive correlations for serum ferritin and hemoglobin were found, in agreement with recent reports of an elevated cancer risk with increased body iron stores. Limitations of these ecological data preclude causal inferences, but the findings provide clues to breast cancer risk and protective factors in a low incidence area of the world.
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PMID:Diet, serum markers and breast cancer mortality in China. 806 9

Breast cancer markers (TM) are mainly useful for monitoring the course of disease after diagnosis and first line treatment with the control options of primary treatments early recognition of reactivation and efficiency control of palliative treatment. The best single and established marker is a polymorphic epithelial mucin of the MUC-1 family the prototype of which is CA 15-3 (successive markers: MCA, CA-549, TAG-12, CAM 26/29) followed by CEA with lower diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and TPA/TPS reflecting more the proliferative activity. Besides former TM combinations of CEA with one or more less specific markers (e.g. PAM, CRP, beta 2m, ferritin, GCDFP, HCG, total or boney AP, gamma GT), more recent studies recommend the use of fewer markers such as TPA/TPS + CEA or CA 15-3, CA 15-3 + CEA or MCA, CA M26 + CA M29, TAG12 + CA 15-3 + MCA and CEA + CA 15-3 + ESR.
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PMID:Serum marker combinations in human breast cancer (review). 819 81

For the diagnosis of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients during systemic treatment serum tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigens 15-3 (CA 15-3) and 19-9 (CA 19-9), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), beta-2 microglobulin (BMG), ferritin, and tissue polypeptide antigen (determined by the M3 monoclonal antibody, TPS) were measured in 22 patients with known bone metastases and in 30 patients without documented metastases. The most useful single marker was CA 15-3. By stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that 90% of the patients could be diagnosed truly by using the markers CA 15-3, BMG and ferritin. It is concluded that monitoring with combinations of tumor markers at regular intervals increases the diagnostic efficiency.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers for detection of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. 820 73

Neovascularization and hemorrhage are common features of malignant tumors. We wondered whether hemoglobin derived from extravasated RBC deposits heme-derived iron into the tumor, which could modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to oxidant-mediated injury. A brief exposure (1 h) of 51Cr-radiolabeled breast cancer cells (BT-20) but not colon cancer cells (Caco-2) to hemin (10 microM) or FeSO4 (10 microM) significantly enhances cytotoxicity mediated by 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Associated with Caco-2 resistance, these cells were found to be enriched in the endogenous iron chelator, ferritin. If cellular ferritin is even further increased through 1 h incubation (24 h prior to H2O2 exposure) of both cell types with hemin, FeSO4, or exogenous spleen apoferritin itself (24 h), marked resistance to H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity is manifest. Under several conditions, the sensitivity of tumor cells to oxidant-mediated lysis is inversely proportional to their ferritin content. Pretreatment of BT-20 and Caco-2 cells with hemin or FeSO4 rapidly increases H-ferritin mRNA but only slightly increases L-ferritin mRNA; nevertheless, large increases in overall ferritin content of iron-exposed cells result. Data analogous to those with H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity were obtained in studies of bleomycin-engendered DNA strand breakage and cell damage, i.e., brief treatment of BT-20 cells with both hemin or FeSO4 significantly increases their sensitivity to bleomycin (100 micrograms/ml), whereas treatment followed by 24 h incubation with media alone significantly protects against bleomycin toxicity. We speculate that acute exposure of tumors to iron (e.g., derived from heme-proteins in hemorrhagic cancerous lesions) may increase sensitivity of some cancer cells, particularly those relatively low in endogenous ferritin, to oxidant-mediated lysis. In contrast, repeated, more chronic, exposure effector cells or chemotherapeutic agents, an effect derived from their increased synthesis and accumulation of the intracellular iron scavenger, ferritin.
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PMID:Tumor cell heme uptake induces ferritin synthesis resulting in altered oxidant sensitivity: possible role in chemotherapy efficacy. 822 66

Our recent retrospective analysis of the clinical records of patients who had breast thermography demonstrated that an abnormal thermogram was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and a poorer prognosis for the breast cancer patient. This study included 100 normal patients, 100 living cancer patients, and 126 deceased cancer patients. Abnormal thermograms included asymmetric focal hot spots, areolar and periareolar heat, diffuse global heat, vessel discrepancy, or thermographic edge sign. Incidence and prognosis were directly related to thermographic results: only 28% of the noncancer patients had an abnormal thermogram, compared to 65% of living cancer patients and 88% of deceased cancer patients. Further studies were undertaken to determine if thermography is an independent prognostic indicator. Comparison to the components of the TNM classification system showed that only clinical size was significantly larger (p = 0.006) in patients with abnormal thermograms. Age, menopausal status, and location of tumor (left or right breast) were not related to thermographic results. Progesterone and estrogen receptor status was determined by both the cytosol-DCC and immunocytochemical methods, and neither receptor status showed any clear relationship to the thermographic results. Prognostic indicators that are known to be related to tumor growth rate were then compared to thermographic results. The concentration of ferritin in the tumor was significantly higher (p = 0.021) in tumors from patients with abnormal thermograms (1512 +/- 2027, n = 50) compared to tumors from patients with normal thermograms (762 +/- 620, n = 21). Both the proportion of cells in DNA synthesis (S-phase) and proliferating (S-phase plus G2M-phase, proliferative index) were significantly higher in patients with abnormal thermograms. The expression of the proliferation-associated tumor antigen Ki-67 was also associated with an abnormal thermogram. The strong relationships of thermographic results with these three growth rate-related prognostic indicators suggest that breast cancer patients with abnormal thermograms have faster-growing tumors that are more likely to have metastasized and to recur with a shorter disease-free interval.
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PMID:Breast thermography is a noninvasive prognostic procedure that predicts tumor growth rate in breast cancer patients. 827 54


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