Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02774 (Gc-globulin)
 196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera were sampled from 83 people (pre- and post-menopausal women and men). Climacteric symptoms of 23 women were treated with conjugated estrogen. Sera were sampled serially until the 21st day of estrogen administration. Serum concentrations of 40 protein components were measured by micro single radial immunodiffusion. The serum proteins were classified into 5 types according to changes after menopause and estrogen therapy, respectively. Type 1 (decreased after menopause and increased by estrogen; alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-HS - glycoprotein, beta 2-glycoprotein III, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-lipoprotein and alpha 2-AP-glycoprotein), type 2 (unchanged and increased; ceruloplasmin), type 3 (increased and decreased; alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid P-component, Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein, beta-lipoprotein and C1-components), type 4 (unchanged and decreased; hemopexin, antithrombin III, beta 2-glycoprotein I, prealbumin and retinol-binding-protein), type 5 (unchanged by estrogen; immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and others). Estrogen replacement therapy restored pre-menopausal levels of serum proteins, types 1 and 3. However, estrogen therapy was associated with significantly abnormal levels of proteins, types 2 and 4 in post-menopausal women. Serum levels of type 1 proteins and some type 5 proteins (IgM, alpha 1B-glycoprotein, C9-component and alpha 2-macroglobulin) were higher in pre-menopausal women than in men, whereas type 3 proteins were the opposite.
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PMID:Changes in 40 serum proteins of post-menopausal women. 186 40

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP) revealed several abnormalities in serum proteins from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), tuberculosis (TB), and cystic fibrosis (CF). The two quite different kinds of pulmonary disease, one acute (ARDS) and the other chronic (TB and CF) exhibited serum changes specific for each disease and abnormalities associated with inflammation and pathogenesis, in general. In ARDS sera, most proteins were extremely low, presumably due to leakage into the lungs through damaged tissue, while the acute-phase proteins, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, were markedly high when compared to the overall protein pattern. The extremely high alpha 1-antichymotrypsin values were not seen in corresponding TB and CF sera. Numerous TB patients had elevated alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, but only the alpha 1-antitrypsin population mean was significantly different from normal. Gc-globulin, ceruloplasmin, and beta-lipoprotein were higher and alpha 1-lipoprotein and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor lower than normal. All other quantitative serum changes were not statistically significant. Surprisingly, all TB patients belonged to the Gc-1-1 genotype in contrast to the Gc-1-1, Gc-1-2, Gc-2-2 polymorphisms of the other populations. CF homozygote sera revealed statistically significant increases in the acute-phase proteins, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin, while orosomucoid, transferrin, IgA, and IgG tended to be higher than normal. The tendency for higher levels of transferrin indicated possible iron deficiency in some patients. In contrast, prealbumin, alpha 1-lipoprotein, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor were significantly depressed in CF patients. CF heterozygotes shared the decrease of alpha 1-lipoprotein with the patients while exhibiting small but significant depressions of alpha 2-macroglobulin and IgG. Though not statistically significant, lowered concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin were evident for the heterozygotes.
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PMID:Protein abnormalities in adult respiratory distress syndrome, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis sera. 243 15

Serum proteins in normal and ARDS bronchoalveolar lavages were analyzed using crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Normal lavages demonstrated relatively few proteins (albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, and haptoglobin) in low concentrations. In contrast, substantial amounts of all identifiable serum proteins were detected in ARDS lavages. IgA was apparently locally produced. Two of the largest proteins, beta-lipoprotein (mol wt greater than 2 million) and IgM (mol wt approximately 900,000) were found to be complexed as evidenced by their coprecipitation in a single spike in ARDS lavage. Electrophoretic modifications of ARDS albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin precipitation peaks and partial identity spurring of the alpha 1-lipoprotein peak with other precipitation loops indicated possible complex formation between these proteins and other possibly pathogenic lung fluid constituents. Similarly, modifications of orosomucoid and Gc-globulin peaks indicated possible molecular alterations resulting from interactions with other components. The relatively few protein modifications exhibited in ARDS lavages together with alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complex formation confirm the relative absence of substantial proteolytic activity in ARDS edema fluids obtained within 12 hr of the onset of the syndrome demonstrated in previous studies.
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PMID:Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of ARDS lavage proteins. 379 28

Total serum protein levels in 70 patients with urolithiasis were not significantly different from those in 20 control subjects, although certain variations were detected in individual protein patterns. In contrast, total urinary protein was significantly higher in patients with urolithiasis. 4-6 different components, i.e., albumin, alpha 1-acidic glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, Gc-globulin, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G, were found in the matrices of calculi and in urine, suggesting that proteinuria may play a role in the formation of stones in patients with urolithiasis.
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PMID:Immunochemical studies of serum, urine and calculus proteins in urolithiasis. 399 70

The development of new analytic and preparative techniques in the field of protein chemistry has essentially extended our knowledge about the variety of human plasma proteins in the last 15 years. In many cases plasma proteins have been particularly determined by immunologic techniques, partially highly purified and physicochemically well characterized, before knowing the biological function. To these proteins belong among others the alpha 1-antitrypsin, Cl-inactivator, alpha 2-macroglobulin, Gc-globulin and the cold-insoluble globulin. Today we know more than 100 proteins being isolated from human plasma and among these are nearly 20, of which the biological function is not yet known. To this group are belonging proteins, which are known since many years, like the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the C-reactive proteins as well as proteins, which have only been described in the last years and which partially have an interesting chemical structure, e.g. the histidinerich 3,8S-alpha 2-glycoprotein and the leucine-rich 3,1S-alpha 2-glycoprotein, of which every fifth amino acid is formed by leucine. It is to be hoped that the special chemical structure of some of these human plasma proteins as well as the quantitative immunologic determination in different patient sera will give hints to their biological function.
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PMID:Purified human plasma proteins of unknown function. 617 5

Immunologic analyses of urinary proteins in patients with gestosis and related obstetrical conditions were performed and urinary protein patterns were compared with blood plasma protein patterns. Many kinds of proteins could be detected in urine of patients with gestosis beside albumin. Therefore, "proteinuria" should be chosen to characterise this state instead of the term "albuminuria". Generally speaking, when a total volume of protein contained in urine increases, its types or subfractions also increase in urine. Next to albumin, the most commonly detected proteins in urine of patients with gestosis were transferrin, IgG, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin, IgA, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin, prealbumin, haptoglobin, anti-thrombin III, Cl-inactivator, IgM, and alpha 2-macroglobulin, in the descending order of their occurrence. Proteins that promptly became negative in urine of gestosis patients after delivery were inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, IgA, and ceruloplasmin. On the other hand, proteins most apt to persist in urine were albumin, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein, and IgG. Generally speaking, lower molecular weight proteins were likely to persist in urine after delivery. Simultaneous determination of blood plasma and urinary proteins was performed for 18 kinds or subfractions of protein. A prognostic value of renal protein clearance was discussed.
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PMID:A study on proteins contained in urine of gestosis patients. 641 21

A new chromatofocusing medium, MonoP, was used for fast (60 min or less) separations of human serum proteins. Separations in the broad pH interval 6.0-3.8 were analysed by fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis to identify a number of proteins, and by gradient gel electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight distribution of the eluted material. To illustrate further the high resolving power of chromatofocusing, narrow pH intervals of about 0.5 pH units were used to study the microheterogeneity of alpha 1-antitrypsin and Gc-globulin. Due to its high resolving power and preparative capacity, chromatofocusing is attractive as the first dimension in two-dimensional techniques for the resolution of complex protein mixtures.
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PMID:Fast chromatofocusing of human serum proteins with special reference to alpha 1-antitrypsin and Gc-globulin. 660 53

Human urine contains a spectrum of proteins derived from various organs in the body. This investigation was undertaken to identify a group of proteins secreted primarily by bladder urothelium. Saline bladder washouts were collected from 9 male and 4 female patients undergoing routine cystoscopic examination. Each sample was sieved, desalted, freeze-dried and solubilized in urea mix. identical amounts of proteins were pooled according to donor sex. All individual and pooled samples were then subjected to 2-dimensional gel analysis using the ISO-DALT system. Profiles of both groups of subjects were highly reproducible, comparable and resembled those of urine and plasma. Several hundred spots were visualized although most of them as yet remain unrecognized. The proteins identified in bladder washouts include albumin, transferrin, IgG gamma-heavy chain, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, G4, IgG light chains, alpha 1-microglobulin, and low and high density lipoproteins. Most importantly, while some abundant urinary macromolecules such as Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein and most acidic urinary proteins were undetectable, albumin and transferrin were relatively less expressed. The 2-dimensional profiles we developed can be used as a data base to study urothelium derived proteins in various disease conditions such as bladder cancer.
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PMID:High resolution 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins in saline bladder washings. 796 21

Plasma/serum proteins of fetal blood samples (N = 88) obtained under ultrasound guidance between the 18th and the 39th week of pregnancy, of blood samples collected from premature infants (N = 19), newborns at term (N = 20) and children of less than 5 years of age (N = 55) were analysed by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By comparison with adult 'reference' protein maps, tens of different proteins (and some of their genetic variants) were identified on the electrophoretograms. After the 18th week of gestation, albumin, transferrin, Factor B, glu- and lys-plasminogen, antithrombin III, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein, several apolipoproteins (apo A-I, A-II, A-IV, C-II, C-III, D, E, J), retinol-binding protein, transthyretin and alpha-fetoprotein could be observed. During intrauterine life, the size of the spots corresponding to alpha-fetoprotein progressively decreased, whereas the protein pattern globally showed an increase in the number and in the size of the spots. These modifications were particularly apparent in the regions of the electrophoretograms restricted to the heavy and light chains of IgG and to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. In addition, we observed an unidentified fetal polypeptide characterized by an apparent molecular weight (M(r)) of 46 kDa (P46) and a pI of 5.0. P46 was present in all fetuses and all infants of less than 2 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma/serum protein patterns in human fetuses and infants: a study by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 851 49

Changes in the concentration of some serum acute phase proteins (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, complement C3, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin and hemopexin), thyroxine-binding globulin, retinol-binding globulin, plasminogen and Gc-globulin are reported in two separate series of Chinese, male schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. In the first series, 41 healthy blood donors and 98 schizophrenic patients in different stages of the disease were investigated. The second series consists of a random sample of 50 acutely ill schizophrenic patients and a second group of healthy subjects. The concentrations of these serum proteins were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel. Increased levels of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and thyroxine-binding globulin were observed in both series of patients when compared to their respective controls. Albumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein levels were reduced in patients in both series. Hemopexin levels were increased only in the acutely ill patients while complement C3 was decreased in the chronically ill patients. No changes were observed in the Gc-globulin levels of all groups of patients. With the exception of complement C3, the changes observed in the levels of these serum proteins were appropriate for that of an acute phase response.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in male Chinese schizophrenic patients in Singapore. 895 1


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