Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02774 (Gc-globulin)
 196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gc-globulin or group-specific component, also known as the vitamin D-binding protein, was investigated by the combined use of electrofocusing and immunofixation. Serum of the Gc 2-2 type was found to contain a single protein band whereas serum of the Gc 1-1 type shows two bands with a lower isoelectric point. The Gc 1-2 type contains all three bands known as Gc-2 (pI 5.10), Gc-1Slow (pI 5.03), and Gc-1Fast (pI 4.95). Each apoprotein shows an anodal shift of about 0.07 pH unit after incubation with an excess of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. After treatment with sialidase Gc-1Fast focuses in the position of Gc-1Slow, whereas the position of Gc-2 remains unchanged.
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PMID:The heterogeneity of human Gc-globulin. 7 72

Thirty-nine women were studied longitudinally for 3 yr, during which period 10 women passed a natural menopause. Vitamin D metabolites were determined every 3 months in these 10 women. The same variables were studied in 42 premenopausal women with endometriosis treated for 6 months with nafarelin acetate (a LHRH agonist) given alone in a dose of 200 or 400 micrograms or in a dose of 400 micrograms combined with 1.2 mg norethisterone (NET)/day and followed-up for a further 6 months. No changes were seen in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], vitamin D-binding protein, or the free index of 1,25-(OH)2D during the natural menopause. A small increase was found in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD] and 24,25-(OH)2D3 after correction for seasonal variation. All three nafarelin groups had a significantly decreased free index of 1,25-(OH)2D, which returned to the baseline value on withdrawal of the treatment. Serum 25OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D3 were increased at 6 months and thereafter decreased to baseline values. These changes were still visible after correction for seasonal variation. Vitamin D-binding protein showed a small transient increase in the nafarelin plus NET group, but was unchanged in the other two groups. The 24-h urinary excretion of calcium increased significantly in the groups receiving nafarelin alone, whereas it remained unchanged in the nafarelin plus NET group. We conclude that detectable changes in 1,25-(OH)2D do not occur in natural menopause. Treatment with LHRH agonists produces a significant decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D, which does not seem to be dependent on increased bone resorption. This suggests that LHRH agonists may induce a change in other pituitary hormones involved in vitamin D regulation.
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PMID:Changes in vitamin D metabolism during natural and medical menopause. 214 91

Genetic polymorphism of GC (vitamin D-binding protein) in human urine was revealed by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting on thin-layer polyacrylamide gels containing 2 M urea. Urine samples from 530 unrelated Japanese from the Fukui district, being only 1-2 ml of original urine, were examined, and correct GC typing was achieved by comparison with the results of direct grouping using plasma. Six common and twelve rare phenotypes were observed. The frequencies of the genes were 0.473 for GC*1F, 0.241 for GC*1S, 0.254 for GC*2, and 0.032 for the total of six rare alleles.
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PMID:GC polymorphism detected in human urine by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. 221 May 53

Neonates demonstrate an increased susceptibility to infection. Defects in locomotory functions of newborn neutrophils may play a crucial role in this context. We therefore compared the migratory response of newborn (N-PMN) and adult (A-PMN) bovine neutrophils in a microwell filter assay. Stimulation with four different endotoxins (E. coli O128B:4 and O55B:5; S. abortus equi; S. typhimurium), with zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) and with C5a induced dose-dependent migration of A-PMNs and N-PMNs. Migration of unstimulated cells and of cells stimulated with diluted ZAP or C5a was higher (P less than 0.05) in N-PMNs. Migration of A- and N-PMNs towards C5a was inhibited (P less than 0.001) by preincubation with either a steroidal (122 microM flumethasone) or nonsteroidal (3.3 microM phenylbutazone) antiinflammatory drug. Migratory responses of N-PMNs were inhibited less by SAIDs than were responses of A-PMNs (P less than 0.05); indeed dexamethasone slightly enhanced N-PMN responses towards C5a, and 510 microM flunixin meglumine enhanced C5a-induced migration in both age groups. Endotoxins from E. coli O55:B4, S. abortus equi, and S. typhimurium induced a higher rate of migration (P less than 0.05) in N-PMNs. In contrast to the above findings, measurement of the maximal distance of migration by the leading-front method did not reveal age-related differences. Migration speed of PMNs was lower after stimulation with C5a than with ZAP, but could be restored partly by adding human vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin). The demonstrated hyperirritability of bovine N-PMNs represents a major functional difference to neonatal neutrophils from other species, including man. It may additionally be related to altered PMN functions and neonatal disease susceptibility.
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PMID:Chemotactic competence of neutrophils from neonatal calves. Functional comparison with neutrophils from adult cattle. 232 4

A near full-length cDNA encoding the human vitamin D-binding protein (hDBP) was isolated from a human liver mRNA expression library. Complete sequence analysis of this clone predicts the full-length amino acid sequence of the pre-hDBP. Comparison of the sequence of the hDBP mRNA and protein to existing protein and nucleic acid data banks demonstrates a strong and highly characteristic homology of the hDBP with human albumin (hALB) and human alpha-fetoprotein (hAFP). Based upon this structural comparison, we establish that DBP is a member of the ALB and AFP gene family.
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PMID:Serum vitamin D-binding protein is a third member of the albumin and alpha fetoprotein gene family. 241 79

We evaluated the effect of estrogens on "free" and total calcitriol levels and on the calcitriol response to a hypocalcemic challenge in 12 postmenopausal women, age 55-74 yr. Endogenous calcitriol production was induced by intravenous Na-EDTA before and after conjugated estrogens, 1.25 mg/d for 30 d. Free calcitriol was determined by centrifugal ultrafiltration and by the molar ratio of calcitriol to vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Estrogen increased fasting total calcitriol from 38.5 +/- 3.8 to 62.3 +/- 7.0 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). This was accompanied by a rise in free calcitriol from 104.5 +/- 11.4 to 158.7 +/- 16.4 fg/ml (P less than 0.05). Vitamin D-binding protein increased from 348 +/- 16 to 428 +/- 12 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001), and the ratio of calcitriol/DBP increased from 1.50 +/- 0.14 to 1.94 +/- 0.18 (P less than 0.005), confirming the rise in free calcitriol. Increases in free calcitriol and in calcitriol/DBP ratios were significantly correlated, r = 0.72. Hypocalcemia led to a rapid increase in circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and to a rise in calcitriol at 24 h. The hypocalcemia-induced rise in total and free calcitriol was similar before and after estrogen, whether expressed as increments or as percent changes. We conclude that estrogen increases circulating levels of biologically active free calcitriol in postmenopausal women, but that a 30-d period of estrogen administration does not apparently improve the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase response to a PTH challenge.
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PMID:Effects of estrogen on circulating "free" and total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and on the parathyroid-vitamin D axis in postmenopausal women. 249 9

The chemotactic activity of human C5a des Arg is enhanced significantly by an anionic polypeptide (cochemotaxin) in normal human serum and plasma. The cochemotaxin attaches to sialic acid residues within the oligosaccharide chain of native C5a des Arg to form a complex with potent chemotactic activity for human PMN. We investigated the nature of the cochemotaxin and found that vitamin D-binding protein is the putative cochemotaxin. Vitamin D-binding protein enhanced the chemotactic activity of native C5a des Arg, but had no effect on the chemotactic activity of either native C5a or FMLP. Sialic acid prevented both enhancement by vitamin D-binding protein of the chemotactic activity of native C5a des Arg and formation of C5a des Arg-vitamin D-binding protein complexes, detected by molecular sieve chromatography. Furthermore, vitamin D-binding protein and cochemotaxin exhibited identical molecular weights, isoelectric points, antigenic reactivity, and amino acid composition.
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PMID:Identification of the C5a des Arg cochemotaxin. Homology with vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component globulin). 339 12

Several serum proteins have been shown to be important in modulating leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammation. We investigated the possibility that the multifunctional serum protein Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) may also enhance the neutrophil chemotactic activity of complement-derived peptides. Purified Gc-globulin by itself did not induce chemotaxis of human neutrophils. However, as little as 0.01 nM Gc-globulin greatly enhanced the neutrophil chemotactic activity of C5a and its derivative, C5a des Arg over a wide concentration range. The effect was most pronounced at nonchemotactic doses of C5a (0.01 nM) and C5a des Arg (1 nM). Gc-globulin was unable to augment the neutrophil chemotactic activity of FMLP and leukotriene B4. This enhancing activity was not due to a nonspecific effect of anionic proteins since other purified serum proteins, of similar size and charge as Gc-globulin (alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, alpha 2 HS glycoprotein, alpha 2 histidine-rich glycoprotein), could not increase the chemotactic activity of C5a des Arg. Serum depleted of Gc-globulin by immunoaffinity chromatography totally lacked chemotactic enhancing activity for C5a des Arg. Gc-globulin-depleted serum activated with zymosan also had significantly less chemotactic activity than control- (sham-depleted) activated serum. Finally, radioiodinated C5a or C5a des Arg formed a 1:1 complex with purified Gc-globulin when analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. These results indicate that Gc-globulin is the major chemotactic enhancing factor in serum and may function as an up-regulator of the chemotactic activity of C5-derived peptides.
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PMID:Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) enhances the neutrophil chemotactic activity of C5a and C5a des Arg. 339 13

Group-specific component (GC), an alpha 2-globulin plasma protein synthesized primarily in the liver, is the major vitamin D-binding protein in plasma. It has two common phenotypes, GC1 and GC2, which appear in all human populations. Using the cDNA insert containing the entire coding sequence of GC2, the GC gene was mapped to human chromosomal bands 4q13----q21.1 by in situ hybridization.
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PMID:Chromosomal localization of group-specific component by in situ hybridization. 375 96

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-Sepharose was prepared by coupling 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3 beta-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-ether to thio-activated Sepharose CL-6B, forming a protease-resistant linkage between the sterol and the matrix. Vitamin D-binding protein from human plasma was obtained 85-92% pure after ligand affinity chromatography. Subsequent hydroxylapatite chromatography provided homogeneous protein. The purified vitamin D-binding protein was fully active in regard to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and actin binding capabilities.
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PMID:Purification of human serum vitamin D-binding protein by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-Sepharose chromatography. 377 29


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