Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P02749 (beta2-glycoprotein I)
 836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autoimmune aPL are associated with a well-defined clinical syndrome of vascular thromboses, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis, and valvular and neurologic abnormalities. A clinical diagnosis of SLE need not be present, and aPL syndrome in the absence of other well-defined autoimmune disease is termed PAPS. A positive test for aPL is defined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (aCL) or by functional coagulation assay (LAC). Anticardiolipin antibody and LAC are similar but probably not identical antibodies. The false-positive test for syphilis is less closely associated with clinical complications than are aCL and LAC. The mechanism of action of aPL is not yet known, although many theories have been advanced. Recent identification of beta 2-glycoprotein I, a serum glycoprotein, as an aPL cofactor suggests that inhibition of this protein's anticoagulant activity may be important. Autoimmune aPL differ from infection-induced aPL in important antibody characteristics, including IgG subclass, light chain preference, antibody avidity, and cofactor requirement. Both recognize negatively charged phospholipids, but various physical characteristics of the phospholipids alter the recognition patterns. Treatment of the aPL syndrome is not well defined. Anticoagulation with heparin, coumadin, or aspirin are currently widely used. Although corticosteroid, immunosuppressive therapy, and plasmapheresis may be used for severe, fulminant thrombosis, the efficacy of this treatment has yet to be proved.
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PMID:Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. 156 40

Antiphospholipid antibodies such as anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant are frequently detected in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus and from those with related autoimmune disorders. Thromboembolic manifestations, fetal losses or thrombocytopenia in association with antiphospholipid antibodies, are hallmarks of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Recent studies indicates that anticardiolipin antibodies bind to beta 2-glycoprotein I and that a part of lupus anticoagulant binds to beta 2-glycoprotein I or to prothrombin. Antiphospholipid antibodies might induce thrombosis by altering the function of vascular endothelial cells or by accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Warfarin, heparin or low dose aspirin have been recommended to prevent recurrent episodes of thrombosis in patients with the APS.
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PMID:[The antiphospholipid syndrome]. 1042 70

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with clinical conditions that involve arterial or venous thrombotic events and pregnancy morbidity including fetal loss and preeclampsia. These antibodies are detected by various functional tests for the lupus anticoagulant, the anticardiolipin ELISA, the anti-beta2-glycoprotein I ELISA, or ELISA tests for other aPL. The pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. A "2 hit" hypothesis has been entertained in which there is underlying vascular (endothelial) damage, and in the presence of an aPL, a thrombotic complication emerges. Although the role of immunologic processes and autoimmunity appears important, immunosuppressive therapy has not proven very effective. Treatment options are limited to antiplatelet therapy (primarily for arterial events) and anticoagulation (with coumadin, heparin, or low molecular weight heparins) because of lack of understanding of the inciting factors and the pathogenesis of the process.
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PMID:The antiphospholipid syndrome: immunologic and clinical aspects. Clinical spectrum and treatment. 1078 52