Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01889 (ankylosing spondylitis)
 5,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been used in 120 countries since its introduction in Japan in 1974. It is currently the eighth largest-selling drug and the most frequently used NSAID in the world. Diclofenac, a phenylacetic acid derivative, is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme activity, and may also interact with the lipoxygenase enzyme pathway, and with the release and reuptake of arachidonic acid. Diclofenac is almost completely absorbed, highly protein-bound, penetrates well into synovial fluid, and is extensively metabolized. Comparative studies have shown that diclofenac is at least equivalent in efficacy to aspirin and other NSAID when used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Diclofenac also possesses potent analgesic properties. Clinical trials suggest that diclofenac has a favorable side-effect profile, excellent patient tolerability, and a lower patient dropout rate when compared with aspirin and other NSAID.
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PMID:Review of diclofenac and evaluation of its place in therapy as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. 306 24

Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic rheumatic disorder characterized by inflammation of the spine, sacroiliac, and large peripheral joints. Effective management demands both immediate and long-term objectives. The physician must first relieve joint inflammation and discomfort with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, then begin long-range planning with daily exercise and other supportive measures to prevent, delay, or correct deformity. Diclofenac sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used worldwide in ankylosing spondylitis, has not yet been marketed in the United States. This article highlights two American studies with diclofenac: (1) a short-term, double-blind comparison with indomethacin, and (2) a 38-week extension with diclofenac for long-term efficacy and safety data. The results of these trials demonstrate diclofenac to be effective and safe for both short- and long-term treatment. When compared with indomethacin, a standard reference drug in trials of ankylosing spondylitis, diclofenac was comparable in efficacy but had a more favorable side-effect profile.
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PMID:Efficacy of diclofenac in ankylosing spondylitis. 351 35

Diclofenac sodium, a phenylacetic acid derivative, is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agent advocated for use in rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, ankylosing spondylitis and allied conditions, and in the treatment of pain resulting from minor surgery, trauma and dysmenorrhoea. Published data indicate that diclofenac 75 to 150mg daily (25 to 50mg 3 times daily) is comparable in efficacy with ordinary aspirin 3 to 5g daily and indomethacin 75 to 150mg daily in rheumatoid arthritis and with indomethacin in osteoarthritis. Available data suggest that in patients with osteoarthritis diclofenac sodium is comparable in efficacy and tolerability with naproxen, ibuprofen, sulindac and diflunisal. As oral diclofenac is generally given in 3 divided daily doses it may be at a disadvantage relative to less frequent administration with naproxen, diflunisal and sulindac in rheumatoid arthritis, although there is some evidence of diclofenac's efficacy when administered twice daily, or once daily as a slow release tablet. The drug is also available as suppositories and ampoules for intramuscular injection. No one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is the most suitable drug for all patients requiring such therapy, and diclofenac should be considered along with other drugs of its type in the arthritic patient.
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PMID:Diclofenac sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and pain of varying origin. 677 22

The use of polymeric carriers in formulations of therapeutic drug delivery systems has gained widespread application, due to their advantage of being biodegradable and biocompatible. Among the microparticulate systems, microspheres have a special importance since it is possible to target drugs and provide controlled release. Diclofenac sodium (DS), is a potent drug in the NSAID group having non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory properties, and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In this present study, it was aimed to prepare microsphere formulations of DS using a natural biodegradable polymer as a carrier for intraarticular administration to extend the duration period of the dosage form in the knee joint. Microsphere formulations of DS which were prepared were evaluated in vitro for particle size, yield value, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release. Two appropriate formulations were selected for in vivo trials. For the in vivo studies, Technetium-99m labelled polyclonal human immunogammaglobulin (99mTc-HIG) was used as the radiopharmaceutical to demonstrate arthritic lesions by gamma scintigraphy. After the induction of arthritis in knee joints of rabbits, the radio-labelled microspheres loaded with DS were injected directly into the articular cavity and at specific time points gamma scintigrams were obtained to find the residence time of the microspheres in knee joints in order to determine the most suitable formulation.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo evaluation of diclofenac sodium loaded albumin microspheres. 1073 90

Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this context, a rapid onset of action is required. Thus, the aim of this study was to formulate diclofenac sodium-PVP K-30 fast release tablets from solid dispersions. The physical state and drug:carrier interactions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and stability upon storage was also studied. Dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium from solid dispersions was markedly enhanced by increasing the polymer concentration.
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PMID:Preparation, characterization and dissolution studies of fast release diclofenac sodium tablets from PVP solid dispersions. 1958 24