Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten dogs were used to investigate the changes in gut hormones; gastrin, secretin, GIP, and gut-GLI, as well as gastric acid secretion after a test-meal loading following a cholecystoduodenostomy interposing a portion of the jejunum or the ileum. Although the changes in the response of plasma gut hormones to the test-meal were observed, the amount of acid output after the biliary tract reconstruction did not differ from that before the operations in either the jejunal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy or the ileal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy. Therefore, from the standpoint of gastric acid secretion, they are both recommendable procedures for biliary tract reconstruction. It was difficult, however, to interpret the change of gut hormone release in relation to gastric acid secretion. It is presumed that the release of gut hormones after the reconstructive procedure is mainly affected by the part of the small intestine which is used for the reconstruction.
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PMID:Response of gastric acid and gut hormones in biliary tract reconstruction using an interposed jejunum or ileum in dogs. 652 9

The presence of autoantibodies detected by immunofluorescence to single endocrine cells, of human duodenum is described in three groups of patients and two control groups. Of 173 coeliac cases, four had GIP cell antibodies, one had secretin cell antibodies and twenty-one reacted with both cell types. Of twelve tropical sprue sera, four reacted with the same two cells. Among fifty elderly diabetics treated with hypoglycaemic drugs, seven sera gave a positive cytoplasmic IFL on duodenal substrate. Four were identified as GIP cells by use of the appropriate hormone antiserum and three reactions were against cells distinct from those stained by anti-GIP, -secretin, -somatostatin, -glucagon and -gastrin. Additional gut hormone antisera will have to be tested to identify these APUD cells. Thirty blood donors and seventy-three sera from autoimmune endocrine patients gave entirely negative results on unfixed cryostat sections of duodenal mucosa. Although impaired GIP and secretin responses have been reported in coeliac disease, and abnormal GIP values were found in Type II diabetes, there is as yet no data to correlate these metabolic dificiencies with the presence of endocrine cell antibodies in the serum. These studies are in progress.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to duodenal gastric-inhibitory-peptide (GIP) cells and to secretin (S) cells in patients with coeliac disease, tropical sprue and maturity-onset diabetes. 700 90

Gastrin C-terminus and GIP immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas of the desert lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia) captured during the hibernation period, but not in those collected in the active period. These cell types were encountered among the exocrine parenchyma, especially around ducts and among the ductal epithelial cells. Occasionally a few GIP cells were seen to occupy the islet periphery. No gastrin C-terminus or GIP immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas of the grass lizard (Mabuya quinquetaeniata)--which does not hibernate--collected in winter and in summer. In both species of lizards endorphin-like immunoreactivity was localized in the pancreatic PP-cells in specimens collected in winter and summer. It was assumed that the presence of the gastrin C-terminus and GIP cells in the desert lizard pancreas represents a response to the peculiar physiological state through which these lizards pass in hibernation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of gastrin C-terminus, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and endorphin in the pancreas of lizards with special reference to the hibernation period. 701 89

Fasting gastrointestinal motor and hormone patterns were studied in 11 healthy volunteers. Cyclic motor activity was present in all subjects during fasting, but the duration and site of onset of each cycle were variable, even in the same subject. Fasting gastrin, GIP, and glucagon levels remained low and constant during the 8-hr study, while plasma motilin levels exhibited cyclic variation in 7 of the 11 subjects. Achlorhydria (induced with cimetidine in 5 of the 11 subjects) did not alter the pattern of fasting motor activity or plasma motilin. In the remaining six subjects, the effect of liquid nutrient meals was examined. Ingestion of a sodium chloride bolus failed to disrupt fasting cyclic activity, while all nutrient-containing solutions inhibited gastric phase-2 motor activity, the duration of inhibition being longest for the mixed and lipid meals. All nutrient meals released GIP, while only protein and mixed meals released gastrin, and the lipid meal released motilin. Our study confirms the rhythmicity of interdigestive motor cycles in man and demonstrates their lack of dependence on gastric acid secretion and some relationship to motilin cycles in certain individuals as determined by radioimmunoassay. Transition from fasting to fed pattern (after liquid meals) is characterized by the inhibition of phasic gastric pressure changes in the antrum and the development of irregular activity in the intestine, similar in pattern to fasting phase 2. Because the duration of interruption of the gastric interdigestive pattern by meals depends on their nutrient content, we conclude that dietary composition may be a major determinant of the fasting-fed motor balance in man.
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PMID:Human interdigestive and postprandial gastrointestinal motor and gastrointestinal hormone patterns. 706 84

In eight totally pancreatectomised patients the release of the relevant gut hormones was determined after a standard test meal. Plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon were not significantly different from zero in our series of pancreatectomised patients. Pancreatic polypeptide was undetectable. These findings imply the absence of a significant number of normally functioning alpha cells and pancreatic polypeptide cells in extrapancreatic sites in man. Consistent with the antrectomy, duodenectomy, and resection of the upper jejunum that are performed in conjunction with a total pancreatectomy the gastrin release was significantly impaired. In contrast there was a striking post-prandial rise in enteroglucagon probably induced by the rapid intestinal transit time often seen after partial gastrectomy. In contrast plasma motilin and GIP levels were normal. Pancreatectomised man thus presents an interesting model of total deficiency of endogenous insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and pancreatic glucagon and, in addition, greatly diminished gastrin. The considerable derangement of metabolic and intestinal function that follows total pancreatectomy may, in part, be explained by this gross disturbance of the normal physiology of gut hormone.
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PMID:Gut-hormone profile in totally pancreatectomised patients. 721 41

Analytical subcellular fractionation techniques in combination with specific radioimmunoassays have been used to investigate the properties of the hormone-containing granules in human jejunal biopsy specimens. After gentle homogenisation, for all hormones except VIP, over 90% of the immunoreactivity was released in intact granules into the post-nuclear supernatant. Approximately 50% of the VIP immunoreactivity sedimented with the low speed pellet, probably reflecting the presence of this peptide in nerve fibres. The following hormone granules (equilibrium densities between parentheses) were separated by isopycnic centrifugation on the sucrose density gradients: VIP (1 x 17), motilin (1 x 20), and secretin (1 x 24). Gastrin and GIP granules were not resolved, both having the same modal density of 1 x 22 g/cm3. This combination of procedures thus provides a new quantitative technique for studying the properties of the gastrointestinal hormone-containing granules, and should therefore be of value in investigating pathophysiological problems in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases.
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PMID:Separation of the gut hormone endocrine-cell storage granules of human jejunum using analytical subcellular fractionation. 739 17

Intraduodenal fat is a potent inhibitor of all forms of gastric acid secretion in humans. Studies were performed in random order on 3 separate days in 5 normal subjects to determine if intravenous fat (Intralipid) altered gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous amino acids in humans. Mean (+/- SE) gastric acid output during a 4-hr intravenous amino acid infusion (21 g L-amino acids; Freamine II) plus glucose (50 g. to maintain isocaloric and isoosmolar solutions) was 43.2 +/- 3.2 meq/4 hr. Intraduodenal fat fusion (20 g of Intralipid) significantly (P < 0.02) suppressed amino acid-stimulated acid output. Interestingly, intravenous fat (20 g of Intralipid) also significantly (P < 0.02) inhibited acid secretion (14.8 +/- 6.3 meq/4 hr); similar to the effect observed with intraduodenal fat (12.7 +/- 4.9 meq/4 hr). Serum levels of CCK, gastrin, and GIP were measured at 30-min intervals throughout each study. Cholecystokinin and GIP increased significantly from basal during intraduodenal fat infusion. There were no other changes in serum CCK, gastrin, or GIP during any of the other tests. It is concluded that in normal subjects intravenous fat is a potent inhibitor of intraveous amino acid-stimulated gastric acid secretion, similar in effect to intraduodenal fat. The inhibitory effect of intravenous fat on amino acid-stimulated gastric acid secretion is probably not mediated by release of either CCK of GIP. Circulating fat may play a role in the control of some forms of gastric acid secretion.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous lipid on gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous amino acids. 741 11

In 11 conscious volunteers, the jejunal absorption was measured during basal state and during the simultaneous intravenous infusion of small doses of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. The blood levels of gastrin, secretin, glucagon, and GIP were measured by RIA and were close to those achieved after a meal. The basal net absorption of water and electrolytes was reversed to a net secretion during the hormonal infusion. These results suggest that the jejunal secretion observed after a meal in man may be mediated by hormones released by the meal.
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PMID:Effect of a combination of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on jejunal absorption in man. 742 91

Palliative operation plays an important part in the treatment of periampullary carcinoma. However, gastric bypass such as the widely practiced side-to-side gastrojejunostomy frequently fails to provide adequate drainage. Here we attempted to fashion an end-to-end duodenojejunostomy in the hope of establishing physiological continuity of the stomach and duodenum. Biliary bypass with side-to-side choledochojejunostomy is performed simultaneously. Eight patients underwent this surgery. In seven of these, radical resection proved to be impossible, and in one the duodeno-biliary decompression was attempted before the radical operation. Early results were satisfactory in all patients. They began to eat liquid meals within a week, and were discharged uneventfully within the third postoperative week, when they were able to eat a regular diet. No ulcer developed in any of the patients. Plasma gastrin levels following a test meal was significantly lower after the operation, but plasma CCK-N and GIP levels showed no statistical difference prior to and after surgery. This duodenojejunal bypass is recommended as a means of improving the quality of the remaining life of the patients.
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PMID:End-to-end duodenojejunal bypass for unresectable periampullary carcinoma. 753 4

In previous studies we found that duodenectomy abolished the interdigestive cycles of plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). In the current studies, we tested the hypothesis that an intact duodenopancreatic axis is necessary for normal postprandial release of pancreatic (PP, insulin) and gut peptides (gastric inhibitory peptide, GIP; cholecystokinin octapeptides, CCK-8; neurotensin; and gastrin). Consequently, we measured plasma concentration of pancreatic and gut hormones in normal and duodenectomized dogs after gavage feeding of a 250-ml liquid formula diet in conscious animals. After completing the experiments, pancreatic tissue concentrations of PP and insulin were measured. Removal of the duodenum was associated with decreases in postprandial plasma concentrations of PP (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.05) and in pancreatic tissue concentrations of insulin (p = 0.01). Duodenectomy, however, did not alter postprandial plasma concentrations of GIP, CCK-8, neurotensin, or gastrin nor pancreatic tissue concentrations of PP. These effects of duodenectomy may be due to disruption of duodenopancreatic neural connections or loss of vagus sensitive (non-GIP) humoral factors. Decreased postprandial insulin concentrations may be due to lack of a neural or humoral insulinotropic factor arising from the duodenum.
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PMID:Role of the duodenum in postprandial release of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. 810 66


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