Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormone responses to test meal or oral glucose were studied in totally gastrectomized patients (TG), subtotally gastrectomized patients with BI and BII, patients with pylorus preserving gastrectomy (PPG), a case of massive (4m 15 cm) bowel resection (MBR) and patients with pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), and compared to the pattern of healthy control subjects (HC). Plasma IRI, GIP and GLI responses to meal in TG and BII were significantly higher, and those in BI appeared to be higher than those in HC. In contrast, those hormonal patterns in PPG were similar to HC. Thus, it seemed that PPG was more physiological than any other gastrectomies in the viewpoints of GI hormonal patterns. In a case of MBR, plasma GLI response to oral glucose, expressed as peak/basal GLI, was significantly higher compared to HC. This higher GLI responsiveness together with remarkably high plasma gastrin level in this case might have a role in stimulating the adaptative changes found after MBR. IRI and GIP responses to oral glucose were impaired following PD without pancreatojejunostomy, while after operating pancreatojejunostomy, those responses restored in part which might suggest the significant role of the pancreatic juice into the jejunum in releasing mechanism of these hormones.
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PMID:[Gut hormone profiles after various types of gastrointestinal surgery]. 408 37

The 24 endocrine pancreatic tumors and 14 carcinoids were examined immunohistochemically for cholecystokinin, insulin, gastrin, GIP, glucagon, sercretin, VIP, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, and ACTH. In 12 tumors of the pancreas more than one peptide-containing cell type was observed. The clinical symptoms showed hypersecretion of only one of the hormones, however. The midgut carcinoids (jejunum, appendix) represented the classical view of the carcinoid as an argentaffin cell tumor secreting 5-hydroxytryptamine. Tumors originating in the foregut (bronchus, stomach, duodenum) and hindgut carcinoids (rectum) were nonargentaffine, containing and secreting various polypeptide hormones. We conclude that light microscopic immunohistochemical methods are useful in distinguishing endocrine from nonendocrine tumors and multihormonal syndromes (MEA) in the classification of predominant hormone-secreting tumors.
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PMID:[Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic systems. Multiple endocrine adenoma from another viewpoint]. 610 39

Malnutrition may cause to the damage intestinal epithelium and pancreas resulting in overt signs of malabsorption syndrome. The diet protein, fats and carbohydrates stimulate secretion, CCK-P, GIP, and gastrin release and effect insulin and HGH release. The amounts of the hormones released depends on intestinal absorption and pancreas secretory function. Therefore, in undernourished children with malabsorption syndrome on impaired function of the hormonal entero-insular axis is likely. In 30 children hormonal component of malnutrition was studied. Digestion and absorption were assayed by glycemic levels and FFA, with hydroxyprolinuria studies following administration of the mixed test meal. HGH and IRI levels were measured following mixed test meal stimulation. Hormonal studies data were correlated with digestion and absorption indices. In undernourished children low levels of HGH and IRI were frequently found. In certain patients with malnutrition the administration of anabolic drugs seems to be advisable.
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PMID:[Food stimulated release of IRI and HGH in children with malabsorption (author's transl)]. 610 40

In the present study the release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI), somatostatin and gastrin was determined form the isolated perfused rat stomach. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP, 2 X 10(-9) M) had no effect on BLI while stimulating somatostatin and gastrin release. In these experiments the luminal pH of the stomach was kept at pH 7. Reduction of the luminal pH to 2 resulted in an inhibition of BLI secretion by GIP while gastrin release was abolished and somatostatin remained unaffected compared to luminal pH 7. Acetylcholine (10(-6) and 2 X 10(-6) M) elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of BLI secretion while gastrin was stimulated and somatostatin secretion suppressed independent of the administered dose. The present data demonstrate that release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity can be modulated by intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters and is integrated into the complex system of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine regulation.
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PMID:Release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity from the isolated perfused rat stomach. 613 46

In the Lausanne classification of islet cells which is based mainly on the ultrastructural characteristics of secretion granules, a total of nine different cell types have been described. By immunocytochemistry at least 12 different hormones or peptides have been either detected or postulated as being within cell types in the pancreatic islets. The cells responsible for the secretion of insulin, glucagon, GIP, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin have been firmly established. The identification of cells containing VIP, secretin, gastrin, biogenic amines and other peptides still remain tentative. The development of immunocytochemical techniques and their use at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level have been of immense value in the recognition of islet cell types and the peptides that they contain. Continued improvement in the purification of islet hormones and specific antibodies to these hormones together with correlative and immunocytochemical studies should lead to a better understanding of normal islet cell function, and thus hopefully, the cellular abnormalities encountered in tumors of the endocrine pancreas.
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PMID:Types of pancreatic islet cells and their immunocytochemical identification. 616 78

Using rabbit and guinea-pig antisera, raised against GEP neurohormonal peptides of mammalian origin, cells were observed in the brain and/or in the fused ventral ganglia of the last (fifth) larval instar of the hoverfly, Eristalis aeneus, being immunoreactive with antisera against insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, PP, secretin, gastrin/CCK/caerulein; substance P, enkephalin and endorphin. Most of these GEP neurohormonal peptides also occurred in nerve fibers. No immunoreactive cells or nerve fibers could be detected with antisera against GIP, VIP, (the central fragments of) CCK, bombesin or neurotensin. The antisera tested failed to reveal any immunoreactive cells or nerves in Weismann's ring (fused corpus allatum/corpus cardiacum and thoracic gland) or in different parts of the alimentary tract. The observations support the hypothesis that neuronal GEP hormonal peptide production in the brain is a genuinely original mechanism and the appearance of endocrine cells in the gut a later feature in evolution.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence of gastro-entero-pancreatic neurohormonal peptides of vertebrate type in the nervous system of the larva of a dipteran insect, the hoverfly, Eristalis aeneus. 616 52

GIP (EC50 = 8 X 10(-9) M, 5-fold stimulation), pancreatic glucagon (EC50 = 10(-8)M, 13-fold) and porcine or chicken VIP (EC50 = 2.5 X 10(-9) M, 10-fold) are shown to activate the cAMP generating system in HGT -1 cells. Combinations of GIP, pancreatic glucagon and VIP indicate the occurrence of 3 separate sets of recognitions sites for these 3 peptides. Accordingly, chronic treatment of cultured HGT -1 cells by VIP (10(-8) M) during 6 days resulted in homologous desensitization of VIP receptor activity. Other peptides structurally related to the secretin-glucagon family, to neurotensin, or to gastrin are either ineffective or very weak agonist (hpGRF). GIP or pancreatic glucagon are inactive on the human colonic cell line HT-29, indicating the gastric specificity of the effect of GIP and glucagon in transformed epithelial cells originating from the human gastrointestinal tract. This implies that GIP and (pancreatic-entero) glucagon peptides may regulate gastric secretions directly, under similar mechanisms that those we evidenced in the rat.
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PMID:Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), pancreatic glucagon and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are cAMP-inducing hormones in the human gastric cancer cell line HGT-1. Homologous desensitization of VIP receptor activity. 632 77

Using sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays, concentrations of hormonal peptides have been measured in small biopsies taken from the human stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum. Comparison is made of these hormone concentrations and the number of respective endocrine cells present determined by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactive somatostatin, VIP, motilin, and gastrin were detected in all regions examined, whereas secretin and GIP were undetectable in antral extracts. Enteroglucagon-like immunoreactivity was present only at and beyond the ligament of Treitz, although a few enteroglucagon-producing cells were shown by immunocytochemistry in the duodenum. The variation of hormone concentration was found to be small in these biopsies of normal tissue within each region of the gut examined, indicating that representative hormone concentrations may be reliably obtained from small biopsy tissues. An attempt has been made to establish reference values for gut hormone concentrations in such biopsies; this may allow future study of any changes in concentration that may occur in pathological conditions.
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PMID:Measurement of gut hormonal peptides in biopsies from human stomach and proximal small intestine. 634 97

Three elevations of the insulin concentration in the blood of the v. pancreaticoduodenalis and v. portae were found in dogs fed with food containing mainly proteins, fat or carbohydrates. The gastrointestinal tract was found to potentiate the liberation of insulin. The elevation of the latter concentration in the blood occurred before the intensive absorption of the nutrients aided to, apparently, by liberation of some gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, GIP and others) which prepare the tissues for the assimilation of nutrients. A later elevation of the insulin concentration in the blood is possibly connected with absorption of aminoacids and some other nutrients and/or liberation of GIP in the small intestine.
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PMID:[Participation of the gastrointestinal tract in regulating the processes of insulin liberation by the pancreas]. 634 30

Male Wistar rats received three different types of small intestinal surgery. Two groups of rats had either 10 or 20 cm of lower ileum transposed to mid-duodenum. A third comparison group of rats had 85% jejunoileal bypass. All three experimental groups showed a sustained post-operative reduction in food intake and a change in body weight gain. Measurements made 36 days after surgery showed that all experimental groups had a large increase in basal and meal-stimulated enteroglucagon. The total-integrated plasma levels of gastrin, GIP, insulin and blood glucose were significantly reduced. At sacrifice, there were large increases in the wet weight of the small intestine and pancreas. These changes were probably due to the chronic stimulation of the lower ileum with nutrient-rich chyme and may be due to the release of ileal hormones.
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PMID:The effects of ileal transposition and jejunoileal bypass on food intake and GI hormone levels in rats. 652 78


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