Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify changes in gastric acid and gut hormone secretion after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), an experimental study was performed using a model of pylorus-preserving duodenectomy in dogs previously provided with Heidenhain pouch (HP). The duodenectomy involves resection of the duodenum and 10 cm of the proximal jejunum preserving 2 cm of juxtapyloric duodenum and round-shaped duodenal wall around pancreatic papilla. Reconstruction was done by anastomosing the rho-shaped jejunal loop to gallbladder, juxtapyloric duodenum and peripapillar round-shaped duodenal wall with ligation of the common bile duct. For these dogs, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), meal ingestion test (TM) and histological studies of pancreatic specimen obtained at autopsy were performed investigating pancreatic, gastric acid and gut hormone secretion. Preservation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretion after operation demonstrated our experimental model to be adequate for evaluation of the factor of duodenectomy in PPPD on gastric acid and gut hormone secretion avoiding the influences of changes in pancreatic secretion. Postprandial gastric acid secretion from HP did not change significantly after operation. Postprandial secretion of gastrin, glucagon, GIP and enteroglucagon did not alter significantly after operation. These results indicated that in the clinical PPPD procedure, preservation of more than 2 cm of duodenum from the pylorus produced neither postprandial gastric acid hypersecretion, which might be cause of postoperative stomal ulcer, nor any change of related gut hormone secretion.
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PMID:An experimental study on the gastric acid and gut hormone secretion after pylorus preserving duodenectomy in dogs. 135 8

The secretion of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones in the basal state and after nutrient stimuli (50 g glucose, 50 g protein, or 30 g triglyceride administered on separate occasions) was assessed in ten previously type-1-diabetic patients after successful combined kidney and pancreas transplantation (systemic venous drainage). Fasting values were compared to matched non-diabetic kidney-transplanted patients and related to kidney function (endogenous creatinine clearance) and to the type and dosage of immunosuppressive medication. In the fasting state, only IR insulin concentrations were higher in pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients (by 88%; P = 0.001) than in the kidney graft recipients. There were significant inverse correlations of plasma C-peptide, GIP, and gastrin immunoreactivity to endogenous creatinine clearance (kidney function). In response to nutrients, insulin secretion (IR insulin, C-peptide) was significantly stimulated by glucose, and - to a lesser degree - also by protein. Pancreatic glucagon was suppressed by glucose and stimulated by protein ingestion. GIP was raised after glucose and triglyceride more than after protein (P = 0.0003). GLP-1 immunoreactivity was stimulated by all nutrients, with a tendency towards higher responses to protein and fat (P = 0.06). Gastrin was mainly raised by protein. In conclusion, the overall pattern of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormone release is normal in patients after combined pancreas-kidney-transplantation, but there are some peculiarities due to (a) systemic venous drainage of the pancreas graft (elevated fasting IR insulin) and (b) impaired kidney function (negative correlation of fasting plasma values to endogenous creatinine clearance for C-peptide, GIP, and gastrin).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Basal and nutrient-stimulated pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations in type-1-diabetic patients after successful combined pancreas and kidney transplantation. 160 Mar 30

To elucidate the role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion, an experimental study was performed creating models of biliary and pancreatic juice diversion in conscious dogs with reference to gastric acid and pancreatic exocrine secretions. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Diversion of bile from the duodenum to the jejunum, the ileum and urinary bladder (UB) did not affect the postprandial gastric acid and gastrin secretion, except slight suppression of gastric acid in model of bile diversion to the ileum and UB. 2) Postprandial GIP secretion was completely diminished and total-GLI secretion was significantly increased after bile diversion to the ileum and UB, whereas the jejunal diversion did not affect both GIP and total-GLI secretion. 3) A marked hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cells was seen in conventional histopathological investigation and hyperfunction indicated by microelectroscopical findings was observed after bile diversion to UB with significant hypersecretion of CCK. 4) In the model of bile diversion to UB, hypersecretion of insulin was observed after intravenous glucose infusion test. 5) Diversion of pancreatic juice from the duodenum to the jejunum induced significant postprandial hypersecretion of gastric acid and hyposecretion of GIP.
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PMID:[Role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion]. 194 85

The effect of proximal and distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs was studied. Ten beagle dogs were subjected to 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection, and test meal loading was performed after one night fasting to examine gut hormone release. Fasting levels of plasma gastrin were not changed after both proximal and distal resection, but response to test meal was increased at 18 weeks of postoperative period in 50% proximal resection. Postprandial release of plasma GIP was significantly decreased in both proximal and distal resection compared with preoperative period. Postprandial release of enteroglucagon was increased at 4 and 8 weeks in proximal resection. In distal resection, it was increased at 4 weeks but returned to preoperative levels at 8 weeks. Villus height of middle part of the intestine was increased in both proximal and distal resection, and significant change was observed in the duodenal mucosa of proximal resection at 4 weeks. These findings suggest that part of the resection of small bowel influences gut hormone release, and these may play an important role in intestinal adaptation.
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PMID:[Influence of 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs]. 196 Nov 84

The proximal duodenum of eight marsupial species, (koala, common brushtail possum, ring-tailed possum, common wombat, great grey kangaroo, parma wallaby, short-nosed bandicoot and tiger cat) were investigated immunohistochemically using 12 specific antisera for gut hormones. Several types of immunoreactive cells were seen on the intestinal villi and in crypts of these species: 9 types in the koala; 8 types in the common brushtail possum; 7 types in the common wombat; 6 types in the short-nosed bandicoot and 5 types in the ringtailed possum, great grey kangaroo, parma wallaby and tiger cat. Gastrin-, somatostatin-, motilin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were seen in all species examined. A few BPP-, enteroglucagon-, CCK-, secretin-, GIP- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were seen but only in few species. A few substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected only in the koala. Immunoreactive cells were also seen in Brunner's glands: 5 types in the parma wallaby; 3 types in the great grey kangaroo and tiger cat; 2 types in the koala and common wombat; 1 type in the short-nosed bandicoot. No immunoreactive cells were found in Brunner's glands of the common brushtail possum.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the proximal duodenum of eight marsupial species. 218 87

To further elucidate the pathophysiological role of peptide hormones in duodenal ulcer (DU) disease, several endocrine, paracrine and neurocrine peptides were determined radioimmunologically in biopsies of gastroduodenal mucosa obtained endoscopically in 8 subjects without upper gastrointestinal disease, and in 8 duodenal ulcer patients. The DU patients had a BAO of 6.6 +/- 1.9 and a PAO of 41.8 +/- 6.1 mEq/h. In DU patients, a lack of the acid and gastrin-release inhibiting agent somatostatin was found neither in antral nor in fundic mucosa (185 +/- 60 vs 83 +/- 19 pmol/g tissue wet weight in controls). Basal and peak acid outputs of DU patients were positively correlated with fundic somatostatin concentrations (p less than 0.01). While gastrin levels were not significantly elevated in the antrum of DU patients, the mucosal content of potentially releasable gastrin of the duodenal bulb and the descending duodenum was higher than in controls (p less than 0.01). In the whole duodenum, CCK-like immunoreactivity was also more abundant in DU patients than in controls, whereas GIP and motilin did not exhibit characteristic profiles. Presumably as a reactive phenomenon, the mucosal levels of the peptidergic neurotransmitters VIP and substance P were markedly increased in the proximal duodenum of DU patients.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal mucosal hormone content in duodenal ulcer disease. 241 97

A disturbed intraduodenal milieu and pancreatic scarring in advanced chronic pancreatitis (CP) may lead to changes of gut and pancreatic hormones. In the present study, the gastroduodenal mucosal content of several regulatory peptides was determined in 8 patients with severe calcific CP and 8 healthy volunteers. In addition, hormone release into the bloodstream was estimated after intraduodenal acid/glucose stimulation in the control subjects and 8 CP patients each with or without secondary diabetes mellitus (DM), and in 8 patients with juvenile DM, so that disturbed gut hormone release could be attributed either to CP or DM. While VIP release into the circulation was similar in all participants, mucosal levels of VIP and substance P were significantly elevated in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum of CP patients. The somatostatin content of gastroduodenal mucosa in CP was at least as high as in normals. Gastrin was significantly more abundant only in the duodenal bulb of CP patients, while plasma gastrin was normal. Duodenal CCK concentrations tended to be elevated in the duodenal bulb, but not significantly. The release of secretin seemed to be higher in type-1 diabetics than in CP patients. The mucosal pattern of GIP was nearly identical in CP patients and controls. Compatible with this finding, the GIP release did not show any peculiarities in CP with or without DM or in DM. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of motilin were abnormally high in CP. Pancreatic polypeptide plasma levels were normal in DM, but significantly reduced in CP, especially in CP with DM. Fasting PP and stimulated pancreatic enzyme outputs were linearly related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus: plasma and gastroduodenal mucosal profiles of regulatory peptides (gastrin, motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin, VIP, substance P, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, enteroglucagon, neurotensin). 246 85

To further characterize coeliac sprue, the hormonal content of routine endoscopic biopsies of gastroduodenal mucosa was estimated in 5 coeliac sprue patients and in 8 volunteers without upper gastrointestinal disease. Levels of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity tended to be lower in duodenal mucosa of coeliac sprue patients, while the mucosal map of GIP and somatostatin exhibited no peculiar profile. Gastrin was markedly elevated in the antral mucosa of coeliac sprue patients (3013 +/- 760 versus 1048 +/- 392 pmol/g), while basal plasma gastrin was normal. The mucosal VIP content of the descending duodenum was significantly higher in coeliacs than in controls (409 +/- 161 versus 81 +/- 16 pmol/g) and tended to be increased also in the remaining upper small intestine. This rise may be a reaction to mucosal irritation and a reason for enhanced fluid secretion. Even in antral mucosa of coeliac sprue patients, VIP levels were elevated when compared to controls (82 +/- 14 versus 40 +/- 8 pmol/g) and may have some impact, e.g. on local mucosal blood flow or mucus secretion. The mucosal concentration of another putative neurotransmitter, substance P, also showed a tendency to be raised in the mucosa of upper small intestine of coeliac sprue patients.
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PMID:Coeliac sprue: abnormalities of the hormone profile of gastroduodenal mucosa. 248 34

The study is of double-blind crossover design. In the first part of the study, rioprostil (300 micrograms and 600 micrograms) is given orally with a solid breakfast to 9 healthy male volunteers. Both doses of rioprostil delay and reduce the 3-h postprandial GIP release. They also reduce the maximal postprandial insulin concentration, but only rioprostil (600 micrograms) reduces the 3-h integrated release of insulin significantly (by approximately 20%). Neither dose modifies the postprandial glucose gastrin levels significantly. In another study two groups of 6 volunteers are studied in parallel; they are given either rioprostil (600 micrograms) or a placebo each evening for 14 days. On the mornings before and on days 13 and 14 of the study the volunteers take a solid breakfast and blood glucose is measured 1 h and 2 h postprandially. The results show that no differences in the basal and postprandial glucose levels are observed. In conclusion, rioprostil given with a meal can reduce the insulin release but it does not change the postprandial blood glucose levels when given as a single dose or repeatedly in an evening dose. This study shows that rioprostil can be given to patients with diabetes.
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PMID:Effects of rioprostil on the postprandial glucose, GIP, insulin and gastrin levels in volunteers. 251 Feb 53

The effects of ileo-jejunal transposition (IJT) on gastro-intestinal hormones and intestinal structure have been studied in 9 mongrel dogs. IJT was performed by isoperistaltic interposition of the distal fourth of the small bowel in the jejunum 15 cm distal from the ligament of Treitz. A test meal (carbohydrate- and fat-rich) loading was carried out in 5 dogs before and 4 and 12 weeks after the operation. Plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones (GLI, GI, GIP and gastrin) were measured by radioimmunoassay using the antibodies. The six mongrel dogs were used for the histological studies. Following IJT hyperenteroglucagonemia was observed, especially in postprandial state. An increase of the mucosal thickness in the whole intestine was observed after IJT. This suggested the possibility that enteroglucagon stimulates intestinal mucosal growth as a circulating hormone. Postprandial plasma GIP levels after IJT were significantly lower at the 90, 120 and 150 min after the test meal loading than those of the preoperative state. Plasma gastrin levels were no significant differences before and after surgery. These observations lead us to conclude that enteroglucagon may play an important role in intestinal adaptation mechanisms after IJT.
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PMID:[Effect of ileo-jejunal transposition (IJT) on gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal structure in dogs]. 260 17


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