Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrinomas from 25 patients were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH). Most patients (84%) presented with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Six had multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I). Twelve patients (48%) had duodenal primaries and 11 of 12 of these had metastases to regional lymph nodes and/or liver in spite of the small sizes of the primary tumors (mean size of 0.9 cm). Five patients had pancreatic gastrinomas and eight patients had metastatic tumor in regional lymph nodes or liver at surgery but a primary was not found. IHC and ISH analyses showed that all cases were positive for gastrin protein and 24 of 25 (96%) expressed gastrin mRNA that was easily detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Both benign and malignant tumors expressed alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin protein (alpha-HCG). However, only malignant gastrinomas (29%) expressed adrenocorticotropic hormone protein or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA. ISH and Northern hybridization analysis revealed that chromogranin A mRNA was the most common member of the chromogranin/secretogranin (Cg/Sg) family which was expressed in both benign and malignant gastrinomas. These results indicate that duodenal gastrinomas are common in both sporadic and MEN-1-associated cases, and small duodenal primaries may be associated with extensive regional lymph node and liver metastases. Expression of ACTH/POMC protein and mRNA was consistently associated only with malignant gastrinomas while gastrin protein, gastrin mRNA and Cgs/Sgs mRNAs were readily detected in both benign and malignant gastrinomas.
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PMID:Analysis of gastrinomas by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. 128 76

The family of the chromogranin/secretogranin proteins consists of three major subtypes: chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). These proteins are present in various endocrine cells and organs. Using immunohistochemistry on serial semithin sections, we have investigated ten endocrine cell types of the guinea pig gastro-intestinal tract for their content of chromogranin/secretogranin proteins. The gastrin cell was the only cell type containing immunoreactivities for all three chromogranin subtypes. The majority of entero-endocrine cells showed immunoreactivities for CgA and SgII. Somatostatin cells lacked immunoreactivities for any of the chromogranins. Moreover, the densities of the corresponding immunoreactivities varied among the different endocrine cell types or even among endocrine cells of a given population. Aminergic endocrine cells (e.g., enterochromaffin and enterochromaffin-like cells) regularly exhibited strong immunoreactivities for CgA but failed to react for SgII. In peptidergic endocrine cells, the immunoreactivities for both CgA and SgII ranged from dense to faint. This was also true for CgB in gastrin cells. Hence, only CgA and SgII can be considered as regular constituents of entero-endocrine cells. The intercellular differences in immunoreactivities for all three chromogranin subtypes indicate that every endocrine cell has its own composition of chromogranin/secretogranin proteins. This may be due to differences in the regulation of biosynthesis or processing of the chromogranins in individual endocrine cells; this in turn might be related to the functional states of endocrine cells.
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PMID:Immunoreactivities for chromogranin A and B, and secretogranin II in the guinea pig entero-endocrine system: cellular distributions and intercellular heterogeneities. 187 43