Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

90 primary breast carcinomas and 18 metastases were immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein and neuron specific enolase. 30 tumours were c-erbB-2 negative and NSE positive, 23 tumours were NSE negative and c-erbB-2 positive. 1 tumour expressed focal immunoreactivity for both markers. 54 of the 108 tumours (50%) did not express either marker. Hormone immunoreactivity was present in single cells and in small groups of cells in 18 of the 31 NSE positive tumours. Bombesin, neurotensin and prealbumin were present in 4 cases each, followed by beta-endorphin and VIP in 3 cases each, leu-enkephalin in 2 cases and gastrin, serotonin, substance P, glucagon and somatostatin in 1 case each. None of 10 NSE negative breast carcinomas were comprised of cells expressing immunoreactivity for hormones. By immunoelectron microscopic examination the c-erbB-2 protein was shown to be present on the cell membrane, on smooth areas, microvilli and in coated pits. Immunoreactivity was also expressed in vesicles in cytoplasm and along rough endoplasmic reticulum. The study shows that c-erbB-2 protein expression and neuroendocrine activity are present in different tumour cell populations. This supports the hypothesis that the presence of c-erbB-2 protein, indicating an elevated cellular tyrosine kinase activity with stimulation of growth, intracellular Ca++, and phosphatidylinositol derivates, means that the same cell does not need regulation of the same factors by stimulation of peptide hormone receptors. Thus the production of autocrine and paracrine factors is switched off.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 protein and neuroendocrine expression in breast carcinomas. 167 29

Pulmonary tumourlets are focal aggregates of neuroendocrine cells that occur in the periphery of the lung and may be associated with chronic inflammation and scarring. Six such lesions were seen in five lungs from a series of 35 pairs of lungs studied at necropsy. All were immunoreactive for neurone-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5, and a range of neuroendocrine products. Of the peptides found in neuroendocrine cells in normal human lungs, gastrin releasing peptide was present in all tumourlets and calcitonin in all but one; none contained leucineenkephalin. Of a series of peptide and protein hormones not present in the neuroendocrine cells of healthy human lungs, growth hormone was present in all six tumourlets and adrenocorticotrophin in two. Identical patterns of peptide expression were displayed by neuroendocrine cells in the airway associated with the tumourlets in two cases. Such cells were increased in number and abnormally clustered. Aberrant expression of peptides might accompany the morphological changes in the pulmonary neuroendocrine cells seen in diseased lungs, their florid focal proliferation occasionally resulting in the formation of a tumourlet.
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PMID:Appropriate and inappropriate neuroendocrine products in pulmonary tumourlets. 214 55

Follicular, papillary, anaplastic and medullary cancers of the thyroid were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. The following antibodies were used: anti-S-100, antineuron-specific enolase (NSE), antikeratin, antithyroglobulin, anticalcitonin, anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA); the following hormones were also tested in the medullary carcinoma: gastrin, ACTH and serotonin. Papillary and follicular carcinoma in particular reacted with anti-S-100 and anti-NSE; the anaplastic neoplasia reacted with anti-S-100 (25%), anti-NSE (12%), antikeratin (12%), antithyroglobulin (12%), anti-CEA (37%) and anti-EMA (37%). Medullary carcinoma reacted with anticalcitonin (100%), anti-CEA (96%), anti-NSE (79%), anti-EMA (4%) and anti-S-100 (17%). We were not able to correlate the virulence of the medullary carcinoma with the anticalcitonin and anti-CEA reactivity, while the hyperplastic C cells were immunoreactive both with calcitonin or with CEA.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study in thyroid cancer. 244 41

The cellular and nervous elements of the bullfrog taste organ were examined by immunohistochemical methods using various antibodies. The immunoreactivity for spot 35 protein, a soluble protein isolated from bovine cerebellum, was found in numerous taste cells located at the middle or slightly lower levels within the gustatory cell layer. The immunoreactive cells possessed cytoplasmic processes rising upward the free surface and also issued branched processes to the base of the epithelium. The immunoreaction for spot 35 protein was found diffusely throughout the cytoplasm from the apical to the basal parts of the taste cells. NSE-immunoreactive taste cells were located at the upper or middle levels within the gustatory cell layer in the taste organ. The fact that the cells were smaller in number and size than spot 35 protein-reactive cells and further differed in localization distinguished the NSE-taste cells from the spot 35 protein cells. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was detectable in the basal cells localized at the base of the taste epithelium. The immunoreactive cells were arranged in a circle at the periphery of the taste organ, each extending a slender process toward the center. The terminal portion of this process spread leaf-like; numerous fine projections protruded from its margin. The serotonin-immunoreactive cells appear to coincide with the monoamine-containing basal cells, which have been previously reported. Substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, peptide HI (PHI)- or gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities were demonstrated within the taste organ. Some substance P-fibers ran along the bottom of the taste organ epithelium. A few thinner substance P-fibers ascended among the epithelial cells of the organ and terminated closely below the free surface. CGRP-fibers were found to correspond to substance P-fibers from their evidencing a double immunostaining. VIP- and PHI-fibers formed a meshwork in the basal area of the taste epithelium. Abundant substance P- and/or CGRP-fibers formed a meshwork among the ciliated cells located at the periphery of the taste organ. However, PHI- and GRP-fibers were detected less than substance P- and/or CGRP-fibers, though VIP-fibers were rarely present in the same region. Neurofilament protein- or tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities were found in thick nerve fibers in the taste organ, whereas no immunoreactivities were present in cellular elements within the taste organ. The relationship between cellular and nervous elements in the taste organ was examined by double immunostainings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of cellular and nervous elements in the taste organ of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. 245 88

Two patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome were diagnosed and treated in PUMC Hospital, the primary tumors were found in the stomach. On sectioning of the gastrectomized specimens, 85 tumors ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 cm in diameter were disclosed in Case 1, and a large ulcero-infiltrative carcinoma-like tumor in Case 2. Both tumors had already metastasized to regional lymph nodes and/or liver. Tumor cells in both cases exhibited gastrin, NSE, GH and hCG alpha immunoreactivity immunocytochemically, and abundant neurosecretory granules of 100-250 nm in diameter under electron microscope. The clinicopathological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings of tumors from these two cases met the criteria of primary malignant gastrinoma of the stomach.
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PMID:Gastric gastrinoma. 251 58

Selected neoplastic markers (NSE, gastrin, CEA, calcitonin, keratin) were studied in pulmonary specimens from 5 patients with bronchial carcinoid, 20--with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 2 with solid tumors. In patients with carcinoid and SCLC NSE and gastrin markers were found--characteristic for neuroendocrine neoplasia. The author discuss the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in differential diagnostics of pulmonary malignancy.
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PMID:[Bronchial carcinoid and small cell lung cancer--neuroendocrine tumors. Immunohistochemical studies]. 256 12

The expression of NSE and hormone immunoreactivity were examined in lymph node metastases from 15 primary breast carcinomas (6 NSE-positive and 9 NSE-negative). NSE immunoreactivity was expressed in metastases in 7 cases. Both the primary tumour and lymph node metastasis(es) were NSE-positive in 3 cases. In 4 cases NSE-negative primary tumours were associated with NSE-positive lymph node metastases. In 2 of the 7 cases with NSE-positive metastases, the metastatic lesions did not express uniform NSE immunoreactivity. Immunoreactivity for hormones (gastrin (1 case), prealbumin (2 cases), ACTH and beta-endorphin (1 case) and somatostatin (1 case] was present in 5 of the 7 NSE-positive lymph node metastatic lesions. In one case only the same hormone (gastrin) was expressed in both the primary tumour and its lymph node metastasis. The present study shows that no relationship exists between primary tumours and the corresponding lymph node metastases with regard to NSE and hormone immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine activity in metastatic breast carcinomas. 284 16

Eighteen head and neck paragangliomas were studied by light microscopy and light microscopic immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase technique for the presence of NSE (neuron-specific enolase), serotonin, and a battery of neuropeptides. Seven of these tumors were also studied by electron microscopy. All 18 cases demonstrated immunostaining for NSE; 10 of the 11 carotid body tumors had immunostaining for multiple hormones. Considering all 18 cases, the most frequently demonstrated hormonal substances were in order: serotonin, leu-enkephalin, gastrin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin, bombesin, calcitonin, and alpha MSH. In several tumors, adjacent-step sections stained for different hormonal substances strongly suggested reactivity for more than one hormone in given tumor cells. By electron microscopy, all 7 cases studied displayed considerable heterogeneity of the neurosecretory granules with respect to size, shape, and electron density. This demonstrated that branchiomeric paragangliomas are capable of producing a spectrum of neuropeptides in addition to their known amine content. The presence of immunoreactive serotonin in most of these neoplasms was confirmed. In addition to these findings, neurofibrils within the substance of carotid body paragangliomas demonstrated immunoreactivity for somatostatin and a gastrinlike neuropeptide. The significance of the neuropeptides in these neoplasms and their possible presence and role in normal and hyperplastic paraganglia remain to be defined.
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PMID:Paragangliomas of the head and neck: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. 300 85

Thirty-eight infiltrating ductal carcinomas, nine infiltrating lobular carcinomas, two tubular carcinomas and one papillary carcinoma were studied by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Seventeen cases showed immunoreactivity for NSE. Immunostaining for different peptide-hormones was observed in 12 of these 17 cases and in none of the 10 NSE-negative cases used for controls. Scattered cells were positive for gastrin in five cases, pancreatic polypeptide in five, leu-enkephalin in three, sub-P in two, ACTH in one, bombesin in one and beta-endorphin in one case. Four cases revealed immunoreactivity for more than one peptide-hormone. Typical neuroendocrine granules were seen in five cases (all positively stained for NSE). Small, electron dense granules of possible neuroendocrine nature were not found in any of the 33 NSE-negative tumours. Our results confirm that immunoreactivity for NSE is present in a high proportion of breast carcinomas, but that neuroendocrine differentiation cannot be proved to be present in all these cases.
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PMID:Neurone specific enolase immunostaining in the diagnosis of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Its usefulness and limitations. 300 12

A 54 year old woman suffered from acromegaly due to a pancreatic islet cell tumour producing GHRH. The tumour was demonstrated on CT scan. The diagnosis was established from elevated plasma levels of GHRH, GH and prolactin, and by the lack of signs of a pituitary adenoma in trans-sphenoidal surgery. Acromegaly was cured by tumour removal. Light microscopically, the tumour showed a medullary and microlobular pattern. The cells were large and often cuspidal. Small granules were found in semi-thin sections. Small aggregations of amyloid fibres were seen, mostly around capillaries. Immunocytochemistry revealed GHRH, NSE, neurotensin, serotonin, VIP and PP. S 100 was positive only in nerve fibres. Staining for GH, ACTH, calcitonin, alpha-HCG, beta-HCG, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin was negative. Ultrastructure showed oval partly lobulated nuclei with small nucleoli, moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, many free ribosomes, some large Golgi fields and small numbers of secretory granules measuring 150 nm or, in a few cells, 650 nm. Only 4 other cases of pancreatic endocrine tumours causing acromegaly by ectopic GHRH secretion are described in the literature and these were similar to our case in many respects.
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PMID:Morphology of a GHRH producing pancreatic islet cell tumour causing acromegaly. 301 79


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