Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of dietary soya bean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) on rat pancreas, stomach, duodenum and two gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK] levels was investigated over a 21 day period. Rats were fed either a complete diet containing 17% protein as casein (control animals), or the same diet supplemented with 1.1% SBTI (test animals). After 21 days the weight of the pancreas in the test group was 90% higher than that in the controls. The stomach antrum, and duodenum showed no change. The gastrin content in the antrum in fasted rats increased after SBTI feeding whereas plasma gastrin levels remained the same. Dietary SBTI had no effect on fasting CCK levels either in duodenal mucosa or in plasma. The results obtained on gastrin values indicate that SBTI stimulates gastrin biosynthesis in the rat antrum but does not alter its release into the circulation. Results obtained on CCK values suggested the following hypothesis: the endocrine tissue of the duodenum, where CCK is synthesized and stored, represents a relatively large reservoir of this hormone. In addition the secretory capacity of this tissue is probably much higher then is required during normal physiological conditions. Therefore, this tissue does not undergo any adaptive changes after prolonged overstimulation by SBTI. The plasma CCK peak following SBTI intake is probably much higher than after control diet, but clearance of CCK from plasma is relatively fast. Consequently, the high levels of CCK after SBTI intake produce overstimulation of pancreatic secretion and in the long term alter the pancreatic function and morphology but return to normal levels in fasting state.
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PMID:Gastrin and cholecystokinin levels in rats fed soya bean trypsin inhibitor. 379 73

Specific radioimmunoassay were used to measure somatostatin and vasoactive peptide in portal and peripheral plasma from conscious dogs prepared with indwelling portal catheters. In six animals with intact stomachs, a test meal induced a significant rise of portal and peripheral somatostatin, while the significant response of vasoactive intestinal peptide in portal plasma was not reflected in peripheral blood. Similar somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide responses were observed in six dogs previously submitted to antrectomy and Billroth I anastomosis, when given the same test meal, while the gastrin response was 20% of the response in the intact dogs (P < 0.01). The effects of intragastric instillation of 300 ml dextrose, casein hydrolysate, and Intralipid, adjusted to 300 mosmol/kg and pH 7.0, were studied in six dogs with intact stomachs. Casein and Intralipid induced significant increases of somatostatin in portal and peripheral plasma, while VIP increased after Intralipid only, both in portal and peripheral blood. Dextrose resulted in no significant variation of either peptide in portal or in systemic plasma. Intraduodenal infusion of isotonic bile induced a significant release of somatostatin, both in portal and peripheral plasma, but no significant vasoactive intestinal peptide response. These results indicate that several factors can evoke a significant release of somatostatin in dogs, and that the variations of the peptide concentration in portal plasma are reflected in peripheral blood. Among the factors tested, only intragastric fat evoked a vasoactive intestinal peptide response that could be measured in peripheral blood.
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PMID:Effects of test meal, intragastric nutrients, and intraduodenal bile on plasma concentrations of immunoreactive somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in dogs. 610 20

Diets containing egg white, casein, menhaden fish meal, soy protein or wheat gluten were fed to rats to assess the impact of dietary protein (and other nutrients) on gastric functions. The menhaden fish meal group exhibited increases in stomach histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, histamine concentration, as well as acid secretion when compared with the control, casein group. When rats were fed amino acid-supplemented casein or fish meal diets to simulate each other's amino acid profile, a small increase in gastric HDC activity, histamine content and acid secretion was observed in comparison with the unsupplemented casein or fish meal groups. The high mineral content of menhaden fish meal (15%) was thought to be a potential inducing factor for gastric histamine metabolism and acid secretion. Adding fish meal ash to the casein diet or to a cod fillet diet elevated stomach HDC activity and histamine concentration significantly. Furthermore, when calcium (Ca) was added to the casein diet to simulate its high content in menhaden fish meal (7.8%), similar elevated levels of gastric histamine were obtained for the Ca-supplemented casein group as for the fish meal group. The role of Ca could be due to release of gastrin, which results in release of stomach histamine, or by facilitating mast cell histidine incorporation with subsequent histamine synthesis.
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PMID:Gastric histamine metabolism and acid secretion in rats as influenced by diet and nutrient content. 682 9

Our aim was to determine whether hormones other than gastrin inhibit cyclic interdigestive motility in the proximal stomach. In four conscious dogs with autotransplanted proximal gastric pouches, excluded gastric antrums, and chronic duodenal electrodes, intraluminal pressure of the pouch and electrical activity of the duodenum were monitored before and after gastric instillation of 250 ml of 154 mM NaCl alone or 154 mM NaCl plus 15 kcal/kg of either dextrose, olive oil, casein hydrolysate, or a mixture containing 5 kcal/kg of each of the three nutrients. Dextrose, olive oil, casein, and the mixture abolished the interdigestive cycles in both pouch and duodenum and decreased intrapouch pressure compared with the saline control. The duration of the inhibition was longest with oil (5 h) and shortest with casein (3 h), and the decrease in mean intrapouch pressure was greatest with the mixture (11.8 cmH2O . min) and least with dextrose (9.3 cmH2O . min). Serum gastrin was unchanged by any of the instillates. We concluded that hormones other than gastrin inhibited cyclic interdigestive motility in the proximal stomach.
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PMID:Postprandial hormonal inhibition of canine interdigestive gastric motility. 721 72

An increased concentration of gastrin was observed in plasma of male Sprague-Dawley strain rats fed on soybean protein diet for a 9-month period, compared with rats fed on casein diet. Both diets contained 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol. Protein-dependent differences were also observed in the fatty acid pattern of hepatic phospholipids, hepatic delta 6-desaturase activity, and plasma cholesterol. No signs of arteriosclerosis were observed in the aortas. Sixty percent of the hearts showed various degrees of lipid staining in coronary arterial branches of different sizes. Despite a large difference in plasma cholesterol level, there was no quantitative or qualitative difference between groups in the occurrence of coronary lipid staining.
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PMID:Comparison of dietary casein and soybean protein effects on plasma lipid and gastrin levels, hepatic delta 6-desaturase activity and coronary arteriosclerosis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A 9-month study. 810 89

The precursor of the acid-stimulating hormone gastrin contains a phosphorylation site which is immediately adjacent to a functionally important cleavage site, and which occurs in a sequence resembling the phosphorylation sites in casein. We have examined phosphorylation of human preprogastrin 93-101 with [gamma-32P]ATP by a Triton-solubilized Golgi membrane preparation from mammary glands of lactating rats. The activity of solubilized Golgi membranes was approx. an order of magnitude greater than that of intact vesicles suggesting a luminal orientation of the kinase. Incorporation of 32P was linear for up to 12 min at 30 degrees C, and the half-maximal rate of phosphorylation at 1 mM ATP was observed at peptide concentrations of 0.2 mM. The Km for ATP was 0.12 mM and the maximal velocity was 2.17 nmol of peptide per min per mg Golgi protein. Proteinase inhibitors (leupeptin, pepstatin, benzamidine) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate did not influence phosphorylation. The incorporation of 32P was inhibited by poly-L-lysine but not by heparin. We conclude that the phosphorylation site in progastrin is a substrate for a Golgi membrane kinase and that a similar enzyme might act on endogenous progastrin in vivo.
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PMID:Phosphorylation of human preprogastrin 93-101 by a Golgi membrane kinase from rat mammary gland. 814 83

This study examines the effects of hypoxia in the gastric function in conscious rats which adapted to a meal-feeding schedule, that allowed free access to a high protein (HP) diet (550 g casein/kg diet, Exp.1,2 and 4), a normal protein (NP) diet (200 g casein/kg diet, Exp.3) or a nonpurified rat (NPR) diet (Exp. 5 and 6) for 4 h every day for 2 wk. In Exp. 1, after 4 h of consuming the HP diet, rats were exposed to 7.6 or 10.5% O2 normobaric hypoxia. Hypoxia delayed the excretion of urinary urea for 12 h. In Exp.2 and 3, when rats were exposed to 7.6%O2 after 4 h of consuming the HP diet and exposed to 10.5% O2 after 4 h of consuming the NP diet, respectively, a significant delay in gastric emptying was found in the hypoxic rats. In Exp. 4, when rats were exposed to 7.6 O2 hypoxia after 4 hr of eating the HP diet, the plasma gastrin concentration in the 7.6% O2 hypoxic rats was 2.3-fold that of the normoxic rats after 6 h of hypoxia. Furthermore, when rats that did not consume any HP diet on the day of the experiment were exposed to 7.6 or 10.5% O2 hypoxia, the plasma gastrin concentration was higher in both hypoxic groups than in the normoxic group after 3 and 6 of hypoxia. In Exp. 5, rats that were not fed the NPR diet on the day of study were exposed to 7.6 or 10.5% O2 hypoxia for 3 h after pylorus ligation. Hypoxia inhibited the secretion of gastric acid and elevated the plasma gastrin concentration. In Exp. 6, unfed rats that had been consuming the NPR diet were exposed to 7.6% O2 hypoxia for 3 h after pylorus ligation and were orally administered HCl. The rise of the gastrin concentration due to hypoxia was completely inhibited by oral HCl. These results demonstrate that hypoxia inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion and that the inhibitory effect of hypoxia on gastric acid secretion stimulates gastrin release through positive feedback regulation.
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PMID:Hypoxia inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion in conscious rats. 859 53

It has been reported in the literature that a large quantity of gastrin is released into the gastric lumen in various species. This study was aimed to examine the stability of gastrin in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen of pigs. Iodine-labelled little (G17) and big gastrin (G34) were incubated in vitro with the GI luminal fluids of suckling, weanling and adult pigs at 37 degrees C for 20 min, and the degradation of the peptide was measured by monitoring the generation of trichloroacetic acid soluble radioactivity. The degradation rate of G17 in the gastric fluids of all animals was less than 10%, while the degradation of G34 was less than 15% in the gastric fluids of suckling and adult pigs and about 25% in the gastric fluids of weanling pigs. The degradation rates of G17 and G34 in the small intestinal fluids of suckling pigs were between 18 and 30%, and were significantly lower than the corresponding rates in the intestinal fluids of weanling and adult pigs, the latter were between 35 and 67%. Addition of defatted porcine colostrum or its components, the casein or acid-soluble fraction, inhibited gastrin degradation in the intestinal fluids with the casein fraction having highest inhibition potency. These results indicate that gastrin is stable in the GI lumen of the suckling pigs and porcine colostrum protects gastrin from luminal hydrolysis in the small intestine, suggesting a potential physiological role of luminally released gastrin in suckling animals.
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PMID:Stability of gastrin in the gastrointestinal lumen of suckling, weanling and adult pigs. 885 48

Exocrine secretion from the pancreas and concentrations of cholecystokinin, gastrin, secretin, and somatostatin in plasma were measured in relation to feeding in 70- to 120-d-old preruminant calves fed either a milk diet or a soybean diet. Pancreatic fluid was continuously collected, measured, and reintroduced in catheterized calves. Blood samples were withdrawn for measurements of gut regulatory peptide concentrations in plasma. A slight increase in outflow of pancreatic fluid was observed 30 min before the milk diet was introduced but not before the soybean diet was fed. In contrast, concentrations and outflows of protein and trypsin immediately after feeding were higher when calves were fed the soybean diet. Overall, during the first 5 h postfeeding, the outflow of pancreatic fluid was 40% higher when the milk diet was fed than when the soybean diet was fed. No difference in outflow of protein was observed, but that of trypsin was 82% higher when the soybean diet was fed. This enhanced enzyme secretion could have been related to the increased plasma concentrations of gastrin and cholecystokinin after the soybean diet was fed. Secretin release was less in calves fed the milk diet that in calves fed the soybean diet during the first 2 h postfeeding, suggesting that this gut peptide along with gastrin and cholecystokinin, contributed to the stimulation of enzyme secretion. Plasma gut regulatory peptides could be influenced by the soybean diet, which does not coagulate in the stomach, inducing faster gastric emptying of protein and fat, and by the chemical form of protein from the soybean diet and the lower susceptibility of these proteins to protease compared with casein. However, the resulting enhancement of pancreatic trypsin secretion and activity seemed to be insufficient to increase the digestibility of soybean protein up to a level similar to that of milk.
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PMID:Comparison of the kinetics of pancreatic secretion and gut regulatory peptides in the plasma of preruminant calves fed milk or soybean protein. 962 Dec 34

The kinetics of the peripheral plasma concentrations of eight gut regulatory peptides were examined in response to feeding in preruminant calves. Two experiments were carried out in animals fed milk substitutes either based on milk protein (control diet) or in which casein had been replaced by hydrolyzed fish (fish diet in experiment 1) or whey (whey diet in experiment 2) protein concentrate. In contrast to the control diet, the latter two did not coagulate within the abomasum. No variation was observed in plasma concentrations of gut regulatory peptides during 1-1.4 hr before the morning meal regardless of the nature of the dietary protein. With the control diet, the meal was followed by an increase in cholecystokinin, gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide and a fall in secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and motilin, whereas no significant change was observed for somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. The replacement of casein by protein substitutes did not greatly modify the pattern of plasma responses to feeding, but the prefeeding and postfeeding levels were highly affected. We conclude that the most important characteristic influencing plasma gut peptide concentrations is the ability of dietary protein to clot in the abomasum, consequently determining the pattern of gastric emptying, and that variations appear depending on the origin of protein substitutes in relation to the duodenal content and mainly to the digesta pH.
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PMID:Source of dietary protein influences kinetics of plasma gut regulatory peptide concentration in response to feeding in preruminant calves. 968 15


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