Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 79 consecutive patients with pituitary tumours were screened for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). The 79 patients included 21 patients with acromegaly, nine with Cushing's disease, 18 with prolactinomas, three with mixed pituitary adenomas (GH and PRL), and 28 patients with no detectable hypersecretion of hormones. The screening consisted of: (1) a family history, (2) a uniform medical history of the patient using a standard questionnaire, and (3) hormonal evaluation including measurements of the serum levels of insulin, gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide. Ionized calcium and glucose concentration in serum were also measured. We found no patients with the MEN-1 syndrome. In one patient, we found a transient elevation of serum concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide for which we have no explanation. In another patient, the serum gastrin concentration was elevated secondary to achlorhydria. No other endocrine disorders were found, and no patients had relatives with recognized endocrine pancreatic tumours, primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), or pituitary adenomas.
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PMID:Screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in patients with recognized pituitary adenoma. 198 64

In order to determine which neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are utilized by the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and by the fibres making synaptic contact with these primary sensory cells, we have set up an immunohistochemical study using antibodies against 17 major neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the rat. Apart from some intracellular immunostaining for glutamate, no immunoreactivity to any of the tested neurotransmitters and neuropeptides could be detected inside mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve neurons. Our immunohistochemical observations indicate that mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve neurons receive input from various nerve fibres that appear to utilize serotonin, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline (and likely glutamate) as transmitters. The innervation appeared randomly distributed over all mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve neurons. The presence of substance P, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide, [Leu]enkephalin and neuropeptide Y observed in some fibres that contact with mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve neurons, presumably reflect the co-existence of these peptides with one of the neurotransmitters.
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PMID:Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides within the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis. 198 70

As is the case with many other peptide hormones of the brain and intestine, the formation of biologically active gastrin from a glycine-extended processing intermediate occurs via the action of a peptidylglycyl alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The observation that gastrin exists primarily as unamidated precursors in the pituitary but as amidated gastrin in the antrum prompted this study to examine whether the amidating enzymes in the two organs were different in their characteristics. Amidating activity was quantified by measuring the conversion of glycine-extended tridecagastrin (G13-Gly) to amidated tridecagastrin and glycine-extended hexapancreatic polypeptide (PP6-Gly) to amidated hexapancreatic polypeptide by radio-immunoassay. Two molecular forms of amidating activity were identified in both the porcine antrum and pituitary. The first, PAM-A, had an apparent Mr of 51,000 and a net negative charge at pH 7.0, whereas PAM-B was smaller (Mr approximately 30,000) and had a net positive charge at pH 7.0. Both molecular forms were similar in their cofactor requirements (copper, ascorbic acid, and catalase) and pH optima in the antrum and pituitary. The Km was significantly lower and the Vmax higher for PP6-Gly than for G13-Gly in the pituitary and antrum. These data suggest that although there is no difference between antral and pituitary PAM, the selective affinity of PAM for certain substrates may provide a mechanism for the differential amidation of different hormones within a given tissue or cell.
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PMID:Gastrin-amidating enzyme in the porcine pituitary and antrum. Characterization of molecular forms and substrate specificity. 198 4

The effect of mesenteric ischaemia on the levels of neurotensin, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin in portal venous blood and in the peripheral circulation was studied in two groups of 7 and 6 baboons (Papio ursinus). In peripheral blood a decreasing trend in levels of neurotensin was observed, while vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin levels were unchanged. There was a similar trend in neurotensin levels in portal venous blood, together with an increasing trend in levels of vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. Gastrin levels were unchanged. Further investigation of these apparent trends in a large number of animals is warranted.
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PMID:Neurotensin, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin levels in plasma and portal venous blood in experimental mesenteric ischaemia. 201 41

An immunohistochemical study for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was made on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas of man and rat, using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide of C-terminal human IAPP (24-37) and a synthetic peptide of rat IAPP (18-37). A large number of IAPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric antrum, and a small number in the body of the stomach in both man and rat. Cytoplasmic processes extended out from the bipolar peripheral region of the immunoreactive cells, rather like neuronal processes, and some appeared to make contact with other immunoreactive cells. In addition, small numbers of immunoreactive cells were also seen in the duodenum and rectum, whereas they were absent from the jejunum, ileum and large intestine. An examination was made for evidence of colocalization of IAPP-immunoreactive material with material immunoreactive for gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon, but none was found. IAPP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the pancreas of non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but they were completely absent from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the presence of IAPP in the plasma. The results of these studies suggest that the peptide may have a biological role in situ in the GI tract and, in addition to the pancreas, may be a possible source of plasma IAPP.
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PMID:Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat. 207 50

The influence of recombinant human interleukins-1 beta and -1 alpha and rat interleukin-1 beta on gastric acid secretion was investigated in awake rats with pylorus ligation. IC injection of either human interleukin-1 beta, human interleukin-1 alpha, or rat interleukin-1 beta induced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric acid output. At IC doses less than 100 ng, human interleukin-1 beta was more effective than the other forms or sources of interleukin-1, whereas at higher doses (100-500 ng), human interleukins-1 beta and -1 alpha and rat interleukin-1 beta were equipotent. The inhibitory effect was observed 30 minutes after interleukin-1 injection and maintained throughout the 6-hour experimental period. IC injection of interleukin-1 beta inhibited vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion induced by IC injection of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue RX 77368. Indomethacin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP, -30 minutes) induced a dose-related prevention of the inhibitory effect of IC interleukin-1 beta. IC injection of the corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist alpha-CRF9-41, bilateral adrenalectomy, and noradrenergic blockade with bretylium did not influence the antisecretory effect of interleukin-1. Polypeptide action was not related to changes in circulating gastrin levels. Human interleukin-1 beta injected IV also inhibited gastric acid secretion, but the peripheral dose required to induce a significant effect was 10(3)-fold higher than when given centrally. These results show that IC interleukin-1 beta acts centrally to induce a long-lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion, and this effect requires the integrity of prostaglandin pathways. These data suggest a possible interaction between the immune and gastrointestinal systems.
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PMID:Central action of recombinant interleukin-1 to inhibit acid secretion in rats. 212 79

The effect of an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, octreotide, on tumor blood flow was evaluated with angiography in eight patients with hepatic endocrine tumors; one patient had primary intrahepatic gastrinoma, two patients had hepatic metastases from gastrinomas, two patients had VIPomas (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting tumor), and three patients had carcinoid tumors. Octreotide caused a marked decrease in tumor blood flow in two patients with gastrinomas and two with VIPomas. One patient could not be evaluated due to the lack of a tumor blush on a control angiogram. In patients with carcinoid tumors, octreotide caused a slight reduction in blood flow through the tumors in two patients, while there was no change in one patient. Octreotide markedly decreased gastrin and gastric acid secretion in two of three patients with gastrinomas, lowered VIP and stopped the diarrhea in patients with VIPomas, and controlled symptoms in two of three patients with carcinoid tumors. The vasoactive effect of octreotide on hepatic endocrine tumors may be a direct action on tumor blood supply or secondary to inhibition of the endocrine tumor cell secretion and consequent decreased blood flow.
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PMID:Effect of somatostatin analogue (octreotide) on blood flow to endocrine tumors metastatic to the liver: angiographic evaluation. 217 Oct 15

Chronic diarrhoea occurs in several endocrine gland disorders, largely in gut neuro-endocrine tumours, due to the release of various agents into circulation, which affect gastrointestinal function (Table I). In the strict physiological sense, these agents may be hormones (such as gastrin), paracrine substance (somatostatin), neurotransmitters or neuro modulators (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; VIP) or unknown agent(s) yet to be identified. For each of these syndromes or diseases (Table I), this review considers the characteristics of diarrhoea, its pathogenesis and the therapeutic aspects. The approach to the diagnosis of these syndromes, including localization of tumour tissue and the selection of appropriate anti-tumor treatment are also outlined.
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PMID:Endocrine diarrhoeas: current concepts. 221 45

Gastrin/cholecystokinin-binding proteins were purified using the column affinity chromatography on immobilized pig tetragastrin and cholecystokinin. Immunoblotting analysis of different human tissue extracts with specific antisera obtained against gastrin-binding proteins was performed. It was found that high molecular weight polypeptide zones of 120 kDa and 35 kDa were characteristic of the brain only. Autoantisera of patients with type A gastric disease reacted with some gastrin/cholecystokinin-binding proteins in human brain and mucosa including human brain polypeptide of 120 kDa. It is supposed that there are neurospecific gastrin-binding proteins (possibly gastrin/cholecystokinin receptors in the brain).
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PMID:[Characteristics of brain gastrin/cholecystokinin-binding proteins]. 223 50

The distribution and relative frequency of nerves containing immunoreactivity for substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and menthionine-enkephalin (MENK) were studied by immunohistochemistry in the gastrointestinal tract of the herbivorous Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of peptide-containing nerves in the gastrointestinal tract of the Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli. 224 May 82


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