Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy generally benefits patients with severe pancreatic deficiency. However, the fate of oral pancreatic supplements in the digestive lumen and their possible effects on circulating gut hormones are only partially known. The purpose of this article is to validate an experimental model that produces total pancreatic insufficiency in pigs, and to study the fate of orally administered Eurobiol, a whole pancreas lyophilized preparation, and its effects on circulating plasma levels of five digestive hormones. Pancreatic insufficiency was created by pancreatic duct ligation, and the duodenal, jejunal and ileal contents were sampled through cannulas before a normal meal and 0.5-24 h later. Blood samples were taken at the same times, and plasma neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastrin were measured. In pigs with pancreatic insufficiency, Eurobiol, given during the meal, induced a significant increase in all enzyme activities in the duodenum and the jejunum, and in the levels of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the ileum, relative to placebo. In the duodenum, the peak concentrations of enzyme activities were 19, 11, 17, and 29% (p less than 0.001) of the postprandial peak activities measured in control pigs with an intact pancreas for lipase, amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, respectively. In the jejunum, the same activities were, respectively, 30, 11, 25, and 36% (p less than 0.01-0.001) of normal peaks. In pigs with pancreatic insufficiency, basal and integrated meal-stimulated neurotensin levels were increased; basal, peak, and integrated meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide and secretin levels were increased, whereas gastrin and CCK were not different from controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Total pancreatic insufficiency in pigs: a model to study intestinal enzymes and plasma levels of digestive hormones after pancreatic supplementation by a whole pancreas preparation. 247 98

Nervous and endocrine peptidergic structures in human Brunner's glands were studied by immunofluorescence. Endocrine cells storing immunoreactive components respectively similar to somatostatin 14, the amino-terminal portion (1-14) of somatostatin 28, gastrin-cholecystokinin, and peptide YY were distributed throughout the acini. Peptidergic nerve structures contained materials immunologically related to vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and gastrin-releasing peptide. The latter peptide was detected in discrete fibers running into the acini but within no cell body in the submucosa. All other neuropeptides were stored in fibers, isolated or grouped in bundles, and in perikarya of submucosal ganglia close to the acini. No immunoreactive structures were detected using antisera directed against pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, motilin, neurotensin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide. The results suggest that several regulatory peptides may be involved in the control of Brunner's glands in humans.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of peptidergic structures in Brunner's glands. 247 87

Concentrations of regulatory peptides in an extract of the intestine of the cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish), were measured by radioimmunoassay using 12 antisera of defined regional specificity that were raised against mammalian gastrointestinal peptides. The hagfish gut contained somatostatin-, cholecystokinin/gastrin-, C-terminal substance P-, and neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity in concentrations that were 10 to 100 times less than the corresponding concentrations in the rat intestine. The hagfish gut also contained glucagon-like immunoreactivity, measured with both C- and N-terminally directed antisera, but the immunoreactivity did not dilute in parallel with the porcine glucagon standard in radio-immunoassay. No immunoreactivity was detected using antisera to calcitonin gene-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin U, neurotensin, N-terminal substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the hagfish gut was resolved by HPLC into components with the retention times of somatostatin-34 and somatostatin-14, previously isolated from the hagfish islet organ (relative abundance 2:1). The retention times of hagfish glucagon and of the multiple molecular forms of the tachykinin-like peptides were appreciably different from the retention times of the corresponding mammalian peptides.
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PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in the gut of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) detected using antisera raised against mammalian regulatory peptides. 248 Feb 67

Mesenteric ischaemia remains a frequently lethal condition. An improvement in survival is only likely with earlier diagnosis. Even with action upon early diagnosis and re-establishment of circulation, fatal shock often follows. This study was designed to determine the possible role of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in the haemodynamic pathophysiology of acute mesenteric arterial ischaemia and whether measurement of these peptides would have diagnostic potential. Fourteen anaesthetized sheep were studied, seven with acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and seven with acute superior mesenteric and coeliac artery (SMA + CA) occlusion. Changes in peptide levels and haemodynamic changes were similar in the two experimental groups, but were more pronounced in the more severe ischaemia of SMA + CA occlusion. No major changes in systemic plasma gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) occurred during ischaemia. There was, however, a five-fold increase in VIP in portal venous plasma during SMA + CA occlusion. In the reperfusion period there were increases in VIP concentrations in both systemic and portal circulations in both groups. During ischaemia there was a rise in mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance and a fall in cardiac output. Reperfusion was characterized by systemic and splanchnic vasodilation coincident with the rise in systemic plasma VIP. It is concluded that VIP which is released from the ischaemic intestine is likely to mediate a component of vasodilation seen during reperfusion.
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PMID:Experimental mesenteric ischaemia in sheep: gut peptide release and haemodynamic changes. 249 Nov 51

Two novel monoclonal antibodies, called B11 and B13, directed exclusively against human chromogranin B (CgB) and another antibody, A11, specific for human chromogranin A (CgA), were obtained by immunization of mice with chromaffin granules, the fusion of their splenocytes, the screening of hybridomas supernatants by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and characterization of the antibodies by two-dimensional immunoblotting. The antibodies were used in immunohistochemical tests to investigate the distribution of CgA and CgB in hormonally-identified cells of the human endocrine system. The A11 antibody confirmed the occurrence of CgA in gut EC, ECL, gastrin, secretin and neurotensin cells, pancreatic A and PP cells, parathyroid chief cells, pituitary TSH and gonadotrope cells and adrenal medullary cells. Only a fraction of CgA-immunoreactive cells in the human gut and pancreas showed C-terminus arginine-glycinamide immunoreactivity, suggesting pancreastatin storage. Both CgB antibodies showed immunoreactivity in gastrin cells, intestinal (but not gastric) EC cells, pancreatic A and PP cells, pituitary TSH and gonadotrope cells and adrenal medullary cells. In addition, the B11 antibody stained thyroid C cells and the B13 antibody stained the Golgi area of pituitary GH cells. It is concluded that most CgB is stored in the same cells showing CgA, although some CgA-rich cells, like gastric EC and ECL cells. lacked B11 and B13 immunoreactivities and some CgA-poor cells, like human thyroid C cells, showed intense B11 immunostaining.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity of hormonally-characterized human endocrine cells against three novel anti-human chromogranin B(B11 and B13) and chromogranin A (A11) monoclonal antibodies. 251 Aug 9

There is increasing evidence that digestive hormones are involved in the regulation of the gastrointestinal motor profile in man. A typical profile of postprandial activity corresponding to the continuous occurrence of irregular contractions propagated over short distance is accompanied by an increase in plasma level of 8 to 10 identified digestive hormones. Four of them (insulin, gastrin, neurotensin and CCK8) infused systemically may produce or prolong this typical "fed" pattern suggesting that they may be involved physiologically in the initiation and duration of the fed pattern. The fasted state is characterized by the cyclic occurrence of gastrointestinal migrating motor complexes (MMC) which are associated with cyclic changes in plasma levels of motilin, somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin. Numerous recent findings support the hypothesis that an increase in motilin initiates the MMC at foregut level which, in turn, produces the release of somatostatin. These hormones may be responsible for the aboral migration of MMC from the duodenum to the ileum and for the cycling rhythm by affecting blood levels of motilin (and/or) pancreatic polypeptide.
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PMID:[Hormonal control of intestinal motility]. 252 21

Antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3) receptors reduce the nausea induced by cisplatinum, but the effects of these agents on 5HT3 receptors in the human gut remain to be defined. We examined the actions of one of these drugs (Glaxo GR 38032F) on small intestinal transit and mouth-to-cecum transit times in healthy man. We also quantified its effects on the release of peptide YY (PYY), neurotensin, human pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin-cholecystokinin, and motilin. Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Following a single intravenous dose of GR 38032F (0.15 mg/kg), we measured the time to appearance in plasma of sulfapyridine after injection of salicylazosulfapyridine into the duodenum. This was used as a measure of duodenocecal transit. The appearance of hydrogen in breath after ingestion of a meal containing lactulose was also correspondingly used to quantify the mouth-to-cecum transit of the "head" of the meal. Gastrointestinal hormones were assayed in plasma by specific RIAs; samples were drawn fasting (10 min after injection) and after breakfast (358 calories: 15.7 g protein, 55.4 g carbohydrate, 8.1 g fat). The postprandial integrated response and peak release of PYY was decreased by GR 38032F. There was also a trend for the peak release of neurotensin to be reduced. GR 38032F did not significantly alter small intestinal transit times or mouth-to-cecum transit times. We conclude that GR 38032F does not have a major effect on small intestinal transit in health.
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PMID:Effect of selective 5HT3 antagonist (GR 38032F) on small intestinal transit and release of gastrointestinal peptides. 252 8

Campylobacter pylori (C.p.) infection is often found in patients with antral gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Pathophysiological links are still unclear, and we therefore tested the hypothesis whether C.p. affects the gastrointestinal peptides and thus influences gastric acid secretion and protective factors. 94 patients were examined by upper GI endoscopy and blood analyzed for gastrin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin. Biopsies of antral mucosa were investigated for C.p. in urease testing, culture and microscopy. C.p. was found in 42 patients (45%). In microscopy all of these patients had chronic gastritis (100%). A significant increase in gastrin uninfluenced by C.p. was found in patients with antral gastritis (normal: 6.4 +/- 0.7, [n = 27]; gastritis without C.p.: 18.4 +/- 5.9 [p less than 0.02], [n = 7]; gastritis with C.p.: 10.7 +/- 2.2, [n = 22]). Somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin showed no difference.
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PMID:[Campylobacter pylori colonization of the antrum: effect of gastrin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin]. 256 33

The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine system of three reptiles, Testudo graeca, Mauremys caspica, and Lacerta lepida, was investigated by means of immunocytochemistry. Single and double immunostaining methods have demonstrated immunoreactivity for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, serotonin, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in endocrine cells of the pancreas of the reptiles studied. Islet-like structures with insulin-immunoreactive (IR) cells surrounded by glucagon-IR cells were observed only in the splenic portion of the pancreas of M. caspica. Occasionally, somatostatin- and PP-IR cells were associated with glucagon-containing cells. Endocrine cells were also observed in the excretory ducts of the exocrine glands. Serotonin, bombesin, neurotensin, gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, PYY, and insulin were demonstrated immunocytochemically in open-type GEP cells of the digestive tract of the animals studied. Serotonin, somatostatin, and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were the most abundant endocrine cell types. In L. lepida, PP- and peptide tyrosine tyrosine-immunoreactive cells were also frequently observed. Cells containing cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide, met- and leu-enkephalin, motilin, secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide could not be detected. The present work demonstrates that the reptilian GEP endocrine system is a complex structure containing most of the regulatory peptides similar in structure to those found in higher vertebrates.
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PMID:Comparative immunohistochemical study of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system of three reptiles. 257 25

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (men I) associates hyperparathyroidism with pancreatic tumors. The evaluation included the patient and its family, periodically. A good patient medical history, biochemical blood tests, carried out regularly and in an organised fashion, brings to the fore the diagnosis without difficulties. Tumoral markers are now being considered an important test for diagnosis and follow-up (gastrin, pancreatic peptid, prolactin...). The newest chromogranin is a polypeptidic group which increases in the blood of patients with endocrine neoplasias (including hyperparathyroidism and tumors of pancreatic islet cells). The specific neural enolase is increase in pancreatic islet cells tumor. The evaluation of S-100 substance, 7-B2 protein, neurotensin, alpha sub-unit of chorionic gonadothrophin and other markers will soon be of help in the diagnosis of men I.
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PMID:[MEN I (multiple endocrine neoplasia): patient screening and new tumor markers]. 257 84


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